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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phonemes arranged in sequence in the spoken chain ...  1, record 1, English, - segmental%20phoneme

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En phonologie, on distingue entre les phonèmes segmentaux et suprasegmentaux, c'est-à-dire entre la phonématique et la prosodie.  1, record 1, French, - phon%C3%A8me%20segmental

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lude: A game.  2, record 5, English, - ludeme

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

-eme: A suffix denoting a basic structural element ...  3, record 5, English, - ludeme

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

phoneme.  4, record 5, English, - ludeme

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément (ou constituant) d'un jeu.  1, record 5, French, - lud%C3%A8me

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sémiologiquement, le problème des jeux, comme celui des arts est double: une morphologie dont l'objet est de réduire chaque jeu à ses «constituants immédiats» en vue de les classer et de définir leurs fonctions, c'est-à-dire, les règles de leurs combinaisons; une sémantique (et une symbolique) qui devront établir le sens et la fonction sociale de ces «ludèmes» au sein d'une culture ainsi que les racines mythiques qui les fondent et les connotent.  1, record 5, French, - lud%C3%A8me

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A script belonging to the alphabetic writing system in which a single letter or di-or trigraph in principle represents a single phoneme or diphthong.  1, record 6, English, - alphabetic%20script

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Roman, Greek, Cyril­lic, Thai, Arabic and Hebrew are alphabetic, but the latter two are defec­tive, i.e. mainly con­sonant scripts. In (alphabetic) Kore­an, letters are graphi­cally organized in roughly square syllab­ic units.  1, record 6, English, - alphabetic%20script

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Écriture appartenant à un système à référence phonétique ou phonologique, dans lequel les caractères, qu'il s'agisse de lettres uniques, de digrammes ou de trigrammes, représentent des phonèmes uniques.  1, record 6, French, - %C3%A9criture%20alphab%C3%A9tique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The ability to decode] a written word by producing a phoneme for each letter or letter combination.  2, record 7, English, - phonemic%20decoding

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Habileté à décoder un mot écrit en produisant un son pour chaque lettre ou combinaison de lettres.  2, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9codage%20phon%C3%A9mique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graphic attempt "to depict how an individual perceives a word, processes a clause, and comprehends a text" .  1, record 8, English, - reading%20model

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Here are some kinds of reading models. Although there are many models of reading, reading researchers tend to classify them into three kinds. Top-down : Emphasizes what the reader brings to the text, such as prior knowledge and experiences [...] Bottom-up : Emphasizes the written or printed text; [...] Proceeds from part to whole. Example :Phoneme to syllable to word to sentence. Interactive : Recognizes the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process.  1, record 8, English, - reading%20model

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Definition quoted frm "Theorical Models and the processes of reading" by H. Singer and R.B Ruddell, 1985.  2, record 8, English, - reading%20model

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les trois modèles de lecture courants sont les suivants - descendant [...] : le but de la lecture est de construire du sens; l'écrit est en entrée, la compréhension en sortie et le lecteur utilise des indices [...] pour construire le sens (modèle de Goodman) - ascendant : [...] le décodage vient d'abord phonème --> syllabe --> mot --> phrase (modèle de Gough) - interactif : la lecture est un processus à la fois perceptuel et cognitif (modèle de Rumelhart).  2, record 8, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20lecture

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Those articulatory and/or acoustic aspects that serve to distinguish one phoneme from another.  2, record 9, English, - distinctive%20feature

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Substitution may not be of one phonemic unit for another but rather simply a switch of one distinctive feature of some phonemic unit, the result being the appearance of some other phonemic unit that differs from the original by that one feature.  3, record 9, English, - distinctive%20feature

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractéristique acoustique ou articulatoire qui permet de distinguer un phonème d'un autre.  1, record 9, French, - trait%20distinctif

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The program uses a grapho-vocal method in which the student is instructed to visualize, write, say, and hear the sounds simultaneously as each phoneme is introduced.  2, record 10, English, - grapho%2Dvocal%20method

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alliant écriture et prononciation.  1, record 10, French, - technique%20graphovocale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A speech segment extending from the stable part of a phoneme to the stable part of the following phoneme and containing the transitional part.(ISO/CEI, 2382-29, 1996).  2, record 11, English, - diphone

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In phonetic element synthesis words are reconstituted from their component parts or phonetic elements (diphones) using a synthesizer.  3, record 11, English, - diphone

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

diphone : segment de parole qui s'étend de la zone stable d'un phonème à la zone stable du phonème suivant et qui contient la zone de transition. (ISO/CEI, 2382-29, 1996).  1, record 11, French, - diphone

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour la synthèse par éléments phonétiques, les mots sont reconstitués à partir de morceaux de mots c'est-à-dire, d'éléments phonétiques (diphonèmes) à l'aide d'un synthétiseur.  2, record 11, French, - diphone

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A minimal unit of distinctive sound feature. (Pei, M., Glossary of Linguistic Terminology. New-York; Columbia University Press, 1976, p. 200)  2, record 12, English, - phoneme

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In terms of the phoneme theory and by means of phonemic analysis, languages can be shown to organize the selection they make of the available sound differences in human speech into a limited number of recurrent distinctive units called phonemes.(Pei, M., Invitation to Linguistics. New-York; Doubleday and company inc., 1965, p. 128)  2, record 12, English, - phoneme

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plus petite unité distinctive de la parole dans une langue donnée. (ISO/CEI, 2382-29, 1996).  2, record 12, French, - phon%C3%A8me

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Unité distincte minimale au niveau segmental. C'est-à-dire: plus petit segment phonique (dépourvu de sens) permettant, seul ou en combinaison avec d'autres phonèmes, de constituer des signifiants et de les distinguer entre eux. (Galison, R. et D. Coste, Dictionnaire de Didactique des Langues. Paris; Hachette, 1976, p. 415)  1, record 12, French, - phon%C3%A8me

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces unités minimales, qui ont une forme phonique mais pas de signifié, sont des unités minimales de la deuxième articulation du langage, ou unités minimales distinctives successives: les phonèmes. (Mounin, G., Clefs pour la linguistique. Paris; Seghers, 1971, p. 57)  1, record 12, French, - phon%C3%A8me

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a single phoneme which has two values simultaneously; its existence is doubtful.  1, record 14, English, - diphoneme

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couple de phonèmes. (MONDE, 1976, 10, 13).  1, record 14, French, - diphon%C3%A8me

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diphonème "cha" (Sa) se compose des phonèmes (S) et (a).  1, record 14, French, - diphon%C3%A8me

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le synthétiseur qui permettra de réaliser une semi-automatisation du renseignement téléphonique utilise la synthèse par diphonèmes. (MONDE, 1976, 10, 13, page 19).  1, record 14, French, - diphon%C3%A8me

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the smallest unit of expression without corresponding content, differing from a phoneme in that it does not necessarily consist of sound, but may include letters and other semantic indicators. Opposite : plereme.(Pei, M., Glossary of Linguistic Terminology, New York, Doubleday & Company, 1966)  2, record 15, English, - ceneme

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité distinctive minimale.  1, record 15, French, - c%C3%A9n%C3%A8me

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les unités distinctives minimales sont appelées cénèmes, c'est-à-dire unités vides de sens, par opposition aux plérèmes ou morphèmes.  1, record 15, French, - c%C3%A9n%C3%A8me

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A closure of the glottis followed by its sudden release.  1, record 17, English, - glottal%20stop

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Represented in the international phonetic alphabet by a symbol resembling a question mark without a period. It occurs as a phoneme in various languages(including Danish), and may be heard in English(e. g., just before the final n in "kitten" and "mountain" as pronounced in American English, or in phrases like "There ARE!" when pronounced emphatically.  2, record 17, English, - glottal%20stop

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle coup de glotte le son produit par une occlusion dans le pharynx ou dans le larynx, où il est possible de fermer momentanément le passage de l'air en accolant complètement les cordes vocales l'une contre l'autre. Ce son n'a pas de valeur phonologique en français, où il apparaît parfois devant une voyelle initiale prononcée avec force.  1, record 17, French, - coup%20de%20glotte

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec le système BBN, on extrait tout d'abord, du signal de parole, les principaux paramètres acoustiques, et l'analyseur phonémique en déduit un «treillis de phonèmes».  1, record 18, French, - analyseur%20phon%C3%A9mique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are (...) two essentially different techniques for assembling an audio message from a speech-derived data store. One, called synthetic voice response, is based not on complete words but on phonemes, the basic separate vocal sounds which constitute all human speech regardless of language.  1, record 19, English, - synthetic%20voice%20response

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "phoneme" is understood to be the smallest unit of speech which distinguishes one utterance from another in given language.  2, record 19, English, - synthetic%20voice%20response

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe (...) deux principes d'assemblage très différents: l'un, appelé "réponse orale synthétique", consiste à découper les mots en phonèmes, qui sont les constituants élémentaires du langage humain, quelle que soit la langue utilisée. Avec ce procédé, la vitesse d'extraction des données n'a pas besoin d'être très élevée, mais en revanche, la voix produite a des sonorités irréelles qui font penser à celle d'un robot.  1, record 19, French, - r%C3%A9ponse%20orale%20synth%C3%A9tique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish