TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduction in the average cost of a product, achieved by increasing the volume of output and in that way using labour, machinery, and other factors of production more efficiently.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a smaller country, such as Canada, achieving economies of scale may depend on having access to larger foreign markets, since the Canadian market by itself may be too small to support the most efficient volume of production in many industries. A firm should be able to produce a product more efficiently by making use of modern machinery and equipment, skilled and specialized labour, interchangeable parts, automation and large-scale distribution, and be able as a result to fund on-going research and development.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

economy of scale: term usually used in the plural.  3, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abaissement du coût unitaire de production au fur et à mesure que la production augmente.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

économie d'échelle : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 1, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disminución de los costes medios al aumentar la producción y distribuirse los gastos fijos entre mayor número de factores de producción.  2, record 1, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADas%20de%20escala

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Simulated annealing is a method for solving unconstrained and bound-constrained optimization problems. The method models the physical process of heating a material and then slowly lowering the temperature to decrease defects, thus minimizing the system energy. At each iteration of the simulated annealing algorithm, a new point is randomly generated. The distance of the new point from the current point, or the extent of the search, is based on a probability distribution with a scale proportional to the temperature.  1, record 2, English, - simulated%20annealing%20algorithm

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'algorithme de «recuit simulé», [est] inspiré des méthodes expérimentales de recuit, qui utilisent une alternance de refroidissements et de réchauffements pour produire de bons cristaux; les variations de températures permettent alors de contrôler les passages entre vallées.  2, record 2, French, - algorithme%20de%20recuit%20simul%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Having properties that vary from point to point, when viewed at a scale suitable to the job in hand.  1, record 3, English, - heterogeneous

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Opposite of homogeneous.  1, record 3, English, - heterogeneous

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

heterogeneous: term related to sampling to test soil quality.  2, record 3, English, - heterogeneous

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

heterogeneous: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  3, record 3, English, - heterogeneous

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dont les propriétés sont variables d'un point à l'autre lorsqu'elles sont analysées à une échelle adaptée à la tâche à exécuter.  1, record 3, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contraire d'homogène.  1, record 3, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hétérogène : terme relatif à l'échantillonnage dans le cadre d'essais de la qualité du sol.  2, record 3, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hétérogène : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  3, record 3, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rog%C3%A8ne

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... most agricultural growth in America was articulated to internal production for respective regional economies, and to a lesser degree for inter-regional trade. Recent studies... of the commercial networks established by the Jesuits for the production and exchange of Peruvian sugar and wine, Ecuadorian wool and woollen cloth... and other products bear out this point, by revealing the scale of the production and the organisational structures...  2, record 4, English, - Ecuadorian%20wool

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A projection in which the scale, although varying throughout the map, is the same in all directions at any point, so that very small areas are represented by correct shape and bearings are correct.  1, record 5, English, - orthomorphic%20projection

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

orthomorphic projection: term and definition standardized by NATO.  2, record 5, English, - orthomorphic%20projection

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] projection dont l'échelle, bien que variant d'un bout à l'autre de la carte, est la même dans toutes les directions en n'importe quel point, de telle sorte que les petites surfaces y sont représentées sous leur forme exacte et que les angles sont conservés.  1, record 5, French, - projection%20orthomorphique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

projection orthomorphique; projection conforme : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  1, record 5, French, - projection%20orthomorphique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A steady-state universe has no beginning or end in time, and from any point within it the view on the grand scale — i. e., the average density and arrangement of galaxies — is the same. Galaxies of all possible ages are intermingled.  1, record 6, English, - steady%2Dstate%20universe

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A unit representing temperature on a scale of 100 units between the freezing point(0°) and the boiling point(100°) of water at standard sea level atmospheric pressure which compares to 180 units on the Fahrenheit scale between 32 °F or 180 units.  4, record 7, English, - degree%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The degree Celsius ... is a conventional unit of temperature. Water freezes at 0 °C, a comfortable room-temperature is 20 °C, normal blood-temperature is near 37 °C, and water boils at 100 °C.  5, record 7, English, - degree%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formerly called "Centigrade."  4, record 7, English, - degree%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Celsius: The name of Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius, ... used to designate the centigrade type of thermometer and temperature-scale invented by him in 1742.  6, record 7, English, - degree%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Degrees centigrade may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit by the following equation: °F = 9/5 (°C) + 32.  3, record 7, English, - degree%20Celsius

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nom spécial de l'unité de mesure de la température Celsius; intervalle de température identique au Kelvin (symbole : °C).  3, record 7, French, - degr%C3%A9%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

centigrade; degré centigrade : La conférence des Poids et Mesures de 1948 a remplacé cet emploi par degré Celsius.  2, record 7, French, - degr%C3%A9%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le mot «degré» s'abrège à l'aide d'un petit zéro placé en exposant immédiatement après le nombre. 36°. Toutefois, si l'échelle de mesure est précisée (C pour Celsius, F pour Fahrenheit, par exemple), les abréviations de «degré» et du nom de l'échelle sont séparées du nombre par un espace. [Exemple : ]Une température de 40 °C, de 42,5 °F.  4, record 7, French, - degr%C3%A9%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 4 OBS

On peut, dans un texte non spécialisé, noter la température en lettre si l'on s'en tient au nombre entier : «le thermomètre était descendu à trente-sept degrés au-dessous de zéro».  5, record 7, French, - degr%C3%A9%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 5 OBS

échelle de température Celsius : Dans cette échelle, les températures de fusion et d'ébullition de l'eau sous une pression de une atmosphère sont très voisines de 0 et 100 °C. L'échelle Celsius coïncide donc pratiquement avec l'échelle centésimale.  3, record 7, French, - degr%C3%A9%20Celsius

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unidad de temperatura que equivale a la centésima parte de la diferencia entre los puntos de fusión del hielo y de ebullición del agua, a la presión normal.  3, record 7, Spanish, - grado%20Celsius

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

grado Celsius: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el nombre, en rigor, es grado Celsius (con el nombre del científico en mayúscula), aunque fuera de contextos técnicos se usa grado centígrado o simplemente grado. El símbolo establecido internacionalmente es °C, que consiste en un pequeño círculo seguido sin espacio de la letra C. Se deja un espacio entre la cifra y el símbolo: 23 °C.  4, record 7, Spanish, - grado%20Celsius

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... interest points detected using plain corner detectors have to rely on square patch correlation, which work only if both images are oriented exactly the same way without any differences in scale or illumination. Fortunately, all interest point detectors[, ] including the traditional corner detectors[, ] can be combined with any descriptor generators...  2, record 8, English, - descriptor%20generator

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Good rubrics consist of a fixed measurement scale(e. g., 4-point), a set of clear criteria, performance descriptions for each criterion at each point on the scale, and sample responses(anchors) that illustrate various levels of performance.  5, record 9, English, - scoring%20rubric

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La grille critériée (rubric) est un outil qui fonctionne généralement bien pour réduire la subjectivité dans l’évaluation des productions étudiantes.  4, record 9, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20descriptive

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An increase in the average cost per unit of production, as production rises, because of the exceedingly large scale on which the producer operates.  3, record 10, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  3, record 10, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This [diseconomy of scale] can be due to internal factors: for example, the firm may become so big that it becomes increasingly costly and difficult to manage and operate. Or it can be due to external factors, such as increased pollution clean-up costs due to the concentration of major industries along the same river or lake system.  3, record 10, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

diseconomy of scale; diminishing return to scale: terms usually used in the plural.  4, record 10, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution de l'efficience constatée lorsque la quantité produite croît moins rapidement que les quantités de facteurs de production mis en œuvre, résultant en une hausse du coût de revient du produit.  1, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

déséconomie d'échelle; rendement d'échelle décroissant : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  3, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Por oposición a las economías de escala, la situación que se crea, pérdida de control y de disminución de productividad, como consecuencia de la dimensión excesiva - por encima del óptimo - de una empresa, de una ciudad o de una colectividad de cualquier otro tipo. Pueden superarse a través de medidas de racionalización, llegando incluso a la subdivisión del conjunto en partes más fácilmente gobernables por separado.  1, record 10, Spanish, - deseconom%C3%ADa%20de%20escala

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters :scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates... Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point. It appears as an additive term on the gyro output, so any actual drift away from a given or predetermined value will cause the angular errors to accumulate.  3, record 11, English, - gyro%20drift

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The free gyro ... can be converted to a directional reference by remounting its case with the spin axis horizontal and the indicator axis vertical. The indicator will then give the airplane’s heading. Gyro drift is countered by slaving the instrument to the Earth’s magnetic field, via either a separate magnetic compass or a flux valve device.  5, record 11, English, - gyro%20drift

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The change in azimuth (direction) of the spin axis is often referred to as "drifting": sometimes "tilting" and "drifting" are collectively called "apparent wander."  4, record 11, English, - gyro%20drift

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le défaut de stabilité, appelé dérive du gyroscope mesurée en degrés par heure [...], ou en degrés par seconde [...], dépend de la technologie mise en œuvre et de la qualité de la «suspension» de l'élément sensible et de son isolement vis-à-vis des influences externes (température, gravité, gaz ambiant, etc.).  4, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour l'utilisation sur les centrales inertielles, il s'est révélé nécessaire de développer des gyroscopes présentant une dérive pratiquement négligeable. Or la cause principale de cette dérive réside dans les frottements qui s'exercent sur le corps du gyroscope, dont la vitesse de rotation dépasse 20 000 tr/min. Divers moyens ont été imaginés pour créer des suspensions sans frottement [...]  5, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'usage fait donner des appellations différentes à cette composante de rotation instantanée [...] : lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène déterministe et connu, on l'appelle précession gyroscopique; lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène aléatoire, ou bien que l'on ne maîtrise pas, on l'appelle dérive gyroscopique.  6, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ce mouvement est dit «mouvement de précession» s'il est provoqué volontairement, et «dérive» s'il est dû à un élément perturbateur.  7, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20du%20gyroscope

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At the Public Service of Canada, a grading system using a point system in the assessment of candidates against rated requirements.  3, record 12, English, - point%20scale

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de classement des candidats, par chiffres, en fonction des exigences cotées.  2, record 12, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20de%20cotation%20num%C3%A9rique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A temperature scale with the degree interval of the Fahrenheit scale and the zero point at absolute zero.  1, record 13, English, - Rankine%20absolute%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On the Rankine scale, water freezes at 491,60° and boils at 671.69°.  1, record 13, English, - Rankine%20absolute%20temperature%20scale

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échelle de température utilisant les degrés de l'échelle Fahrenheit et le zéro de l'échelle Kelvin.  3, record 13, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20Rankine

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Escala de temperatura que utiliza los grados de la escala Fahrenheit y el cero de la escala Kelvin.  1, record 13, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperatura%20de%20Rankine

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A Kelvin Unit refers to a thermometric scale in which the degree intervals are equal to those of the Celsius scale and in which zero (0) degrees equals -273.15 degrees Celsius (absolute zero).  3, record 14, English, - thermometric%20scale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are two widely used thermometric scales based on the freezing and boiling point of water at a pressure of one atmosphere : the Fahrenheit(F) scale(32°=freezing, 212°=boiling) and the Celsius(C), or Centigrade, scale(0°=freezing, 100°=boiling).  4, record 14, English, - thermometric%20scale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

°C ... scale ... The other thermometric scales - Fahrenheit, Réaumur, and Kelvin - also carry eponymic designations.  5, record 14, English, - thermometric%20scale

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échelle de mesure de la température.  2, record 14, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20thermom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une grandeur thermométrique est une grandeur physique (longueur, volume, résistance électrique, ...) qui dépend de la température [...] Elle peut alors servir à la détermination de cette température. Cependant, plutôt que de choisir comme référence la grandeur elle-même, qui dépendrait par trop de système, on «mesure» la température par une fonction de cette grandeur qui varie de façon monotone avec elle; on a alors défini une échelle thermométrique, ensemble des températures définies par la relation choisie. Les échelles thermométriques couramment utilisées sont des échelles linéaires [...] : - l'échelle centésimale [...] - l'échelle absolue [...]  3, record 14, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20thermom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour établir une échelle thermométrique, on choisit deux repères thermométriques qui sont les températures de deux situations facilement réalisables : par exemple la température de la glace fondante, sous les conditions normales de pression, et celle de l'ébullition.  4, record 14, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20thermom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Il y a plusieurs échelles thermométriques : [...] l'échelle Celsius [...] L'échelle absolue [...] l'échelle Fahrenheit [...]  5, record 14, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20thermom%C3%A9trique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A temperature scale invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit in which 32° represents the freezing point of water and 212° its boiling point at standard sea level pressure.  5, record 15, English, - Fahrenheit%20scale

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Fahrenheit scale is so fixed that it divides the temperature difference between the freezing temperature of water and the boiling temperature of water into 180 equal divisions and sets the freezing temperature of water at 32 divisions above the zero on the scale.  6, record 15, English, - Fahrenheit%20scale

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Conversion to the Celsius temperature scale (C) is accomplished by the formula: C = (F - 32)5/9.  7, record 15, English, - Fahrenheit%20scale

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échelle de température dans laquelle la température de fusion de la glace et d'ébullition de l'eau sont respectivement de 32° et 212°.  4, record 15, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Fahrenheit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les deux points fixes de l'échelle Fahrenheit étant déterminés de la même façon que ceux de l'échelle Celsius (glace fondante et vapeur d'eau bouillante), Fahrenheit a divisé la distance entre ces deux points en 180 parties égales. Il a ensuite désigné [...] le point correspondant au zéro degré Celsius (glace fondante) par le chiffre 32 [...]  5, record 15, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Fahrenheit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour obtenir des degrés Celsius, on utilise la formule : C = (F - 32)5/9.  6, record 15, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Fahrenheit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La température de congélation est égale à celle de la fusion de la glace, phénomène qui détermine le point fixe inférieur des échelles thermométriques (0 °Celsius, 32 °Fahrenheit, 273 Kelvin).  7, record 15, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Fahrenheit

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Escala de temperaturas en la que el punto de congelación del agua se sitúa a 32 grados y el punto de ebullición a 212 grados.  1, record 15, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperaturas%20Fahrenheit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Para la conversión en grados Celsius (C) se emplea la fórmula: C = (F - 32)5/9.  1, record 15, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperaturas%20Fahrenheit

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the coordinate method... allows easy transfer of information collected at the grid site to a scale drawing of the site. To establish a baseline, the coordinate method requires the establishment of either a fixed line from a permanent reference point(or mark) or a straight line between two permanent reference points... The measurement of... remains, evidence or personal effects begins by determining the direction and distance along the baseline...  2, record 16, English, - baseline%20coordinate%20method

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the scanning thermal microscope... The microscope's probe may be the world's tiniest thermometer : it can measure surface-temperature variations of a ten-thousandth of a degree on a scale of tens of nanometers. The probe consists of a tungsten wire ending in a point perhaps 30 nanometers across. The wire is coated with a second metal, nickel, which is separated from the tungsten by a layer of insulator everywhere except at the tip of the probe. The tungsten-nickel junction acts as a thermocouple, generating a voltage proportional to its temperature.  2, record 17, English, - scanning%20thermal%20microscope

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les techniques de microscopie thermique à champ proche sont récentes et n'ont trouvé des applications qu'essentiellement qualitatives. Nous utilisons la pointe thermique thermo-résistive du microscope thermique à balayage.  1, record 17, French, - microscope%20thermique%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Otros microscopios de barrido con sondas: [el] microscopio de barrido térmico mide la conductividad térmica de la superficie del espécimen y de esta manera se obtiene información sobre la topografía [de la muestra].  1, record 17, Spanish, - microscopio%20de%20barrido%20t%C3%A9rmico

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A general intelligence test consisting of a number of performance tests, such as block designs, form boards, figure-completion tests ...  2, record 18, English, - Arthur%20Point%20Scale%20of%20Performance%20Tests

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Arthur Point Scale of Performance Tests. Combining the most promising performance tests then available, Form I was first released in 1930. The scale consists of the following nine tests... : 1. Knox Cube. 2. Seguin Form Board. 3. Two-Figure Form Board.... 5. Manikin.... 6. Male and Foal.... 7. Healy Picture Completion I.... 8. Porteus Mazes. 9. Kohs Block Design.... In 1947, a Revised Form II of the... scale was issued. This form... consists of only five tests....  3, record 18, English, - Arthur%20Point%20Scale%20of%20Performance%20Tests

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'échelle de performance de Grace Arthur qui comportait en 1930 deux formes avec neuf subtests; sa forme révisée en 1947, et qui existe en matériel français, comporte cinq subtests : les cubes de Knox, le test de Séguin, le test des pochoirs (Stencil Design Test), les labyrinthes de Porteus et les planches de Healy. Cette échelle est recommandée pour l'examen intellectuel des sourds et des sujets ayant des difficultés linguistiques.  2, record 18, French, - %C3%89chelle%20de%20performance%20de%20Grace%20Arthur

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

From an image processing point of view, a digitized dental radiograph is an 8-bit gray scale... The image size depends on the film type and the digitization resolution.  3, record 19, English, - digitized%20dental%20radiograph

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit d'une radiographie dentaire qui a été soumise à une conversion sous forme numérique pour être accessible sur ordinateur.  2, record 19, French, - radiographie%20dentaire%20num%C3%A9ris%C3%A9e

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relating to, conforming to, or having a thermometric scale on which the interval between the two standard points, the freezing point and the boiling point of water, is divided into 100 degrees, 0 representing the freezing point and 100 the boiling point.-abbr. C.  2, record 20, English, - centigrade

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Having a hundred degrees; usually applied to Celsius’s thermometer, in which the space between the freezing and boiling points of water is divided into 100 degrees. (Symbolized by C., as 40 °C.)  3, record 20, English, - centigrade

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The use of the name "centigrade" was abandoned by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1948 and replaced by "Celsius."  4, record 20, English, - centigrade

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Divisé en cent degrés (en parlant d'une échelle de température).  1, record 20, French, - centigrade

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

centésimal : Dont les parties sont des centièmes. [...] [P. ex. :] Divisions centésimales d'un [...] thermomètre centigrade.  1, record 20, French, - centigrade

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La Conférence des Poids et Mesures de 1948 a remplacé l'emploi de «centigrade» par Celsius. On dira, par exemple, «degré Celsius», et «échelle (de température) Celsius».  2, record 20, French, - centigrade

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dicho de una escala, en que cada división vale [la] centésima parte de la diferencia entre los puntos de fusión del hielo y de ebullición del agua.  3, record 20, Spanish, - cent%C3%ADgrado

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La escala centígrado parte de la temperatura del hielo fundente igual a 0 grados. La temperatura del agua hirviente a la presión de una atmósfera corresponde al punto alto de la escala que es igual a 100 grados, de aquí que esta separación se divide en 100 partes, cada una de las cuales es un grado centígrado.  2, record 20, Spanish, - cent%C3%ADgrado

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A scale with arbitrarily determined zero point and equal intervals.  2, record 21, English, - equal%20interval%20scale

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les données cardinales (numériques ou quantitatives), qui sont issues d'une mesure. Elles peuvent se répartir sur une échelle à intervalles égaux (comme le poids, la taille, la température, le temps, les résultats d'un test, etc.).  2, record 21, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20%C3%A0%20intervalles%20%C3%A9gaux

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Average gradient" of air survey film is defined as follows : the lower point M is located on the characteristic curve where the net density is 0. 30. With point M as center an arc is described with radius equal to 1. 5 on the Log E or density scale. The intersection of this arc with the characteristic curve determines the upper point N. The average gradient is the slope of the line MN.  2, record 22, English, - average%20gradient

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Photographie. Contraste d'une émulsion, pente de la courbe qui représente le cologarithme du facteur de transmission (densité optique) en fonction du logarithme de l'éclairement.  1, record 22, French, - contraste

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The meridional (transverse) form of the Plate Carrée map projection.  3, record 23, English, - Cassini%2DSoldner%20map%20projection

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It plots to scale, in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system :(a) the geodetic distance on the rotational ellipsoid, from the central meridian to a specified point, as the x-coordinate; and(b) the distance along the central meridian, from the center to the point of intersection with the geodesic, as the y-coordinate.  3, record 23, English, - Cassini%2DSoldner%20map%20projection

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] projection transverse cylindrique [qui] respecte l’échelle le long du méridiencentral et de toutes les lignes qui lui sont parallèles.  3, record 23, French, - projection%20de%20Cassini%2DSoldner

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 24, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 24, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 24, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A means for making and recording a subjective judgment as to the position of an individual or item in relation to a prearranged scale of values.  1, record 25, English, - numerical%20rating%20scale

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Thermodynamic scale of temperature(TK) defined by assigning to the triple point of pure water the temperature of 273. 16 K.  6, record 26, English, - Kelvin%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A temperature scale can be defined theoretically for which zero degree corresponds to zero average kinetic energy... Such a point is called absolute zero, and such a scale is known as an absolute temperature scale. The Kelvin temperature scale is an absolute scale having degrees the same size as those of the Celsius temperature scale; the Rankine temperature scale is an absolute scale having degrees the same size as those of the Fahrenheit temperature scale.  7, record 26, English, - Kelvin%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Kelvin absolute temperature scale corresponds to degrees centigrade in which water freezes at 273° and boils at 373°.  2, record 26, English, - Kelvin%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Kelvin temperature scale [is] also called absolute temperature scale, thermodynamic temperature scale.  8, record 26, English, - Kelvin%20temperature%20scale

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échelle de température absolue définie en affectant conventionnellement au point triple de l'eau la valeur 273,16 °K; les points de fusion de la glace et d'ébullition de l'eau à la pression atmosphérique normale différant de 100 °K.  4, record 26, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Kelvin

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'échelle Kelvin fut inventée par le mathématicien et physicien britannique Sir William Thomson Kelvin au XIXe siècle. Cette échelle de température absolue utilise les degrés Celsius, mais qui commence au zéro absolu, soit environ -273 °C. Dans cette échelle, la température de fusion de la glace est 273°K. Le Kelvin (K) est l'unité SI de température. Il mesure la température absolue, grandeur définie par la thermodynamique.  5, record 26, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Kelvin

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'infinité possible d'échelles centésimales et la difficulté à obtenir les points fixes ont amené les scientifiques à choisir [...] l'échelle Kelvin. [...] C'est l'échelle légale.  6, record 26, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Kelvin

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans l'usage courant, on utilise l'échelle Celsius, qui s'obtient en retranchant 273,15 des températures exprimées en kelvins, et dont l'unité est le degré Celsius [...]  7, record 26, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Kelvin

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Dans la pratique, on admet que le degré Celsius (°C) [...] et le Kelvin (K) sont strictement identiques. Dans ce cas, l'eau liquide se transforme en glace à 0 °C ou 273 K (soit 32 °F) et l'eau liquide bout sous la pression atmosphérique normale à 100 °C ou 373 K (soit 212 °F).  3, record 26, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Kelvin

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Escala termodinámica de temperatura (TK) definida asignando al punto triple del agua la temperatura de 273,16 °K.  1, record 26, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperatura%20absoluta%20de%20Kelvin

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A scale number for rating the hardness of a material by means of a small conical hammer fitted with a diamond point; the hammer strikes the material under test, and the height of rebound, which measures hardness, is noted on a graduated scale.  1, record 27, English, - Shore%20hardness%20number

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Martel conçut dès 1895, un essai de pénétration dynamique par la chute d'un pénétrateur sur la surface du matériau et la mesure de l'empreinte laissée après rebondissement. Le nombre de dureté était, par définition, égal au rapport de l'énergie du pénétrateur au volume de l'empreinte. La mesure de la hauteur de rebondissement a également été proposée pour mesurer la dureté du matériau. Elle a été reprise par Shore sous la forme d'une petite masse d'acier terminée par un diamant arrondi qui tombe dans un tube lisse, d'une hauteur fixe, et rebondit d'autant plus haut que la pénétration est plus faible, donc que le métal est plus dur.  2, record 27, French, - nombre%20de%20duret%C3%A9%20Shore

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ten item Likert scale [questionnaire] with items answered on a four point scale-from strongly agree to strongly disagree [used to measure overall self esteem].  3, record 28, English, - Rosenberg%20Self%20Esteem%20Scale

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Questionnaire en dix points qui sert à évaluer l'estime de soi.  2, record 28, French, - %C3%89chelle%20de%20mesure%20de%20l%27estime%20de%20soi%20de%20Rosenberg

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Escala que] mide la autoestima como aquellos sentimientos de respeto y aceptación hacia uno mismo [...] está formada por 10 ítems con cuatro alternativas de respuesta ordenadas desde una connotación muy negativa ("muy en desacuerdo" ) hasta la más positiva ("muy de acuerdo").  2, record 28, Spanish, - Escala%20de%20Autoestima%20de%20Rosenberg

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Escala de Autoestima diseñada por Rosenberg (1965), consta de 10 reactivos para indagar pensamientos y sentimientos que el adolescente tiene actualmente sobre sí mismo para denotar valía y satisfacción.  3, record 28, Spanish, - Escala%20de%20Autoestima%20de%20Rosenberg

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of cistern barometer in which the level of mercury in the cistern is adjusted to the zero point of the scale before each reading.  3, record 29, English, - Fortin%20barometer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Fortin barometer... features a cistern partly made of glass, in which one can observe the lower level of the mercury and determine the zero point of the barometric scale. Before reading the height of the mercury column in the barometric tube, it is necessary to adjust the mercury level in the cistern so that it coincides with the tip of an ivory reference screw.... The tube [is] enclosed in a brass tube with small windows to observe the mercury level. The tube is fitted with a vernier for readings and carries three engraved scales. There is also a mercury thermometer with a centigrade scale.  4, record 29, English, - Fortin%20barometer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Fortin Barometer was commonly used at meteorological stations to measure atmospheric pressure.  2, record 29, English, - Fortin%20barometer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fortin barometer. This portable model was developed by the French scientific-instrument maker Nicolas Fortin (1750-1831).  5, record 29, English, - Fortin%20barometer

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Any barometer in which the mercury level can be adjusted to zero is now known as a Fortin barometer.  6, record 29, English, - Fortin%20barometer

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Baromètre à mercure dont l'extrémité inférieure plonge dans une cuvette de verre plus large qui lui est soudée, et dont le fond est constitué par une peau de chamois que l'on peut soulever ou abaisser à l'aide d'une vis.  5, record 29, French, - barom%C3%A8tre%20de%20Fortin

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

baromètre de Fortin. C'est un baromètre à cuvette. Il est précis et offre surtout l'avantage d'être facilement transportable. Un cylindre de verre est assujetti à une monture métallique garnie intérieurement de bois. Le fond est constitué d'une peau de chamois qui peut comprimer plus ou moins le mercure par l'action d'un disque de bois qu'on déplace verticalement à l'aide d'une vis pointeau. Une pointe d'ivoire située à la partie supérieure du mercure permet de régler exactement le niveau avant l'observation.  6, record 29, French, - barom%C3%A8tre%20de%20Fortin

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le français Jean Fortin (1750-1831) réalisa un baromètre à mercure transportable qui porte son nom [:] baromètre de Fortin [...]  7, record 29, French, - barom%C3%A8tre%20de%20Fortin

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mercure dans la cuvette est ainsi maintenu à un niveau constant, repéré par une pointe. On effectue la lecture de la hauteur de la colonne de mercure grâce à un vernier.  5, record 29, French, - barom%C3%A8tre%20de%20Fortin

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

barómetro de cubeta ajustable: Barómetro de mercurio en el que la superficie libre del mercurio en la cubeta se hace coincidir, antes de la lectura, con el indicador fijo que marca el cero de la escala.  2, record 29, Spanish, - bar%C3%B3metro%20de%20Fortin

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Arbitrary thermometric calibrations that serve as convenient references for temperature determination.  2, record 30, English, - temperature%20scale

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By the 18th century there were some 19 different temperature scales in common use. Each was based upon a different standard ranging from the melting point of butter to the coolness of earth in a Paris cellar. Today there are only two thermometer scales in common use; Fahrenheit and Centigrade.  3, record 30, English, - temperature%20scale

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Temperature scales.... There are two widely used thermometric scales based on the freezing and boiling point of water at a pressure of one atmosphere : the Fahrenheit(F) scale(32°=freezing, 212°=boiling) and the Celsius(C), or Centigrade, scale(0°=freezing, 100°=boiling). Additionally, there are two scales in which 0°=absolute zero, the temperature at which all molecular movement theoretically ceases : the Kelvin(K), or Absolute(°A), scale and the Rankine(°R) scale, which are related to the Celsius and the Fahrenheit scales, respectively(0°K=-273. 16°C; 0°R=-459. 69°F).  2, record 30, English, - temperature%20scale

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Temperature scales: - Fahrenheit (thermometric scale) [...] - Réaumur (thermometric scale) [...] - Celsius (thermometric scale) [...] - Kelvin (absolute scale) [...] - Rankine (absolute scale) [...]  4, record 30, English, - temperature%20scale

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échelles de température sont, en quelque sorte, des moyens fiables et universels d'identifier les différences de températures d'un corps ou des facteurs atmosphériques. Les échelles sont constituées d'unités. Trois échelles sont reconnues mondialement, dont le degré Kelvin, le degré Celsius et le degré Fahrenheit. Les échelles de température sont établies selon les propriétés thermométriques suivantes : la variation de volume d'un liquide, la variation de longueur d'un solide, la variation de pression d'un gaz à volume constant, la variation de volume d'un gaz sous pression constante, la variation de résistance électrique d'un conducteur et finalement, la variation de couleur d'un corps très chaud.  2, record 30, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Escala que mide la] relación entre la temperatura y la magnitud termométrica utilizada.  1, record 30, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperatura

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las más importantes son las de Celsius, centígrada, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Rankine y Reaumur.  1, record 30, Spanish, - escala%20de%20temperatura

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of temperature in which zero degrees is absolute zero (the temperature at which a substance possesses no heat whatever).  3, record 31, English, - absolute%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A temperature scale can be defined theoretically for which zero degree corresponds to zero average kinetic energy... Such a point is called absolute zero, and such a scale is known as an absolute temperature scale. The Kelvin temperature scale is an absolute scale having degrees the same size as those of the Celsius temperature scale; the Rankine temperature scale is an absolute scale having degrees the same size as those of the Fahrenheit temperature scale.  4, record 31, English, - absolute%20temperature%20scale

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Rankine absolute temperature scale corresponds to degrees Fahrenheit in which water freezes at 491.69° and boils at 671.69°. The Kelvin absolute temperature scale corresponds to degrees centigrade in which water freezes at 273° and boils at 373°.  3, record 31, English, - absolute%20temperature%20scale

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'échelle de température absolue est reliée en pratique à l'échelle de Celsius par la relation : T(K) = t(°C) + 273,15.  4, record 31, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20absolue

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Une autre échelle très usitée, surtout dans le domaine scientifique, est l'échelle absolue, ou Kelvin, qui fixe la température de fusion et d'ébullition de l'eau respectivement à 273,15 K et 373,15 K. Le zéro de l'échelle Kelvin est le zéro absolu.  5, record 31, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20absolue

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In older metamorphosed terranes, the apparent stratigraphic controls on the location of the deposits at a district scale is the strongest point in favour of a volcanic exhalative model.  1, record 32, English, - volcanic%20exhalative%20model

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les terrains métamorphisés plus anciens, le contrôle stratigraphique apparent des gisements à l'échelle d'un district représente l'argument le plus fort en faveur d'un modèle volcano-exhalatif.  1, record 32, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20volcano%2Dexhalatif

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vertical distance, from mean sea level, of the free surface of the mercury in the barometer cistern at a meteorological station.  1, record 33, English, - elevation%20of%20the%20zero%20point%20of%20a%20barometer

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the ivory point ([is the] zero point) of a station’s mercurial barometer ...  2, record 33, English, - elevation%20of%20the%20zero%20point%20of%20a%20barometer

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ivory point : A small pointer extending downward from the top of the cistern of a Fortin barometer. The level of the mercury in the cistern is adjusted so that it just comes in contact with the end of the pointer, thus setting the zero of the barometer scale.  4, record 33, English, - elevation%20of%20the%20zero%20point%20of%20a%20barometer

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance verticale entre le niveau moyen de la mer et la surface libre du mercure de la cuvette du baromètre à une station météorologique.  3, record 33, French, - altitude%20de%20la%20cuvette%20barom%C3%A9trique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En una estación meteorológica, distancia vertical entre el nivel medio del mar y la superficie libre del mercurio en un barómetro de cubeta.  1, record 33, Spanish, - elevaci%C3%B3n%20del%20nivel%20cero%20del%20bar%C3%B3metro

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nevertheless, clustering real-world data sets often raises problems, since the data space is usually a high dimensional feature space. A prominent example is the application of cluster analysis to gene expression data. ... In general, most of the common clustering algorithms fail to generate meaningful results because of the inherent sparsity of the data space. In such high dimensional feature spaces data does not cluster anymore.  2, record 34, English, - high%2Ddimensional%20feature%20space

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The modern world is full of large data sets : census data, multimedia databases, and remote sensing data, to name a few. With the aid of computers it is possible to collect scientific data on a grand scale. These examples are not "large" merely because they have many data points. They are also high dimensional, meaning that there are many measurements taken of each person, multimedia object, or point on the ground. The "data point" representing one person is made up of their age, gender, educational level, occupation, and whatever else was recorded. Suppose there are 12 attributes recorded for each person. We can think of that person's record as a point in 12 dimensional space.  3, record 34, English, - high%2Ddimensional%20feature%20space

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nephoscope in which the image of the clouds produced by a mirror is observed.  4, record 35, English, - mirror%20nephoscope

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The mirror nephoscope consists essentially of a horizontal disk of black glass engraved with concentric circles. A vertical pointer adjustable to various known heights is mounted on the rim of the instrument. The pointer is so placed by the observer that the image of the cloud under observation is in line with the pointer and the centre of the disk. The image is kept in line with the pointer as it moves, and the direction of motion is read off from a scale on the rim of the circle. Another type of mirror nephoscope has a mirror on which the only marking is a centre point.  5, record 35, English, - mirror%20nephoscope

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nephoscope: An instrument for determining the direction of cloud motion. There are two basic designs of nephoscope: the direct-vision nephoscope and the mirror nephoscope. Also called nepheloscope.  6, record 35, English, - mirror%20nephoscope

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

There are several types of nephoscope: the comb nephoscope developed by Besson; the mirror nephoscope developed by Finemann; and the grid nephoscope, a variation on the comb modified by the Norwegians.  7, record 35, English, - mirror%20nephoscope

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In one source, the Finemann nephoscope is "a mirror nephoscope developed by Finemann". In the other source, Fineman nephoscope is an "adaptation of the mirror nephoscope". Compare Fineman nephoscope.  8, record 35, English, - mirror%20nephoscope

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Néphoscope dans lequel on observe l'image des nuages donnée par un miroir.  2, record 35, French, - n%C3%A9phoscope%20%C3%A0%20miroir

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nefoscopio en que las imágenes de las nubes se reflejan sobre un espejo.  1, record 35, Spanish, - nefoscopio%20de%20reflexi%C3%B3n

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process which results in an enhancement of the field strength at a receiving point, due to the focusing resulting from small scale or large scale curvature of the ionospheric surfaces.  2, record 36, English, - ionospheric%20focusing

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Augmentation du champ en un point de réception, dû à un effet de convergence produit par la courbure plus ou moins accentuée des couches ionosphériques.  1, record 36, French, - focalisation%20ionosph%C3%A9rique

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso que tiene como resultado un incremento de la magnitud del campo en un punto de recepción, debido al enfoque que resulta de la curvatura de las superficies ionosféricas a pequeña y a gran escala.  1, record 36, Spanish, - enfoque%20ionosf%C3%A9rico

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The rate at which a body rotates as expressed by an angular change of position per unit time.  2, record 37, English, - angular%20velocity

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters :scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates. This value is used to convert the voltage output from the gyro into an angular rate. System imperfections can cause small variations in the scale factor. These variations appear as a factor at the output of the gyro. Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point.  3, record 37, English, - angular%20velocity

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Angular velocity is the time rate of change of angular displacement. More simply it is a measure of how fast an object is rotating. For example, the measure of a skater’s spinning speed during a sit spin is called angular velocity. Angular velocity is calculated by subtracting the initial angular position from the final angular position and dividing by the time it took to get from the initial to final position. Angular velocity is measured in radians/second (SI units) or degrees/second or revolutions/second (English units).  4, record 37, English, - angular%20velocity

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyroscope est un appareil capable de fournir une direction physique de référence et, corrélativement, une information de rotation angulaire, sous forme d'un écart angulaire, ou d'un angle total [...] compris entre 0 et 360°, vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu ou «inertiel». Le gyromètre est un appareil capable de fournir une information de vitesse angulaire, vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu (c'est-à-dire par rapport aux étoiles).  2, record 37, French, - vitesse%20angulaire

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le gyroscope tourne rapidement sur lui-même (vitesse angulaire [oméga]) dans la direction indiquée, en même temps qu'il précesse par rapport à la verticale à la fréquence [Oméga]. Le moment d'inertie du gyroscope par rapport à l'axe ê est I et le centre de masse est situé à une distance h du pivot P.  3, record 37, French, - vitesse%20angulaire

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[Les satellites] apparaissent fixes pour un observateur situé sur la Terre [...] lorsque le satellite tourne [...] à une vitesse angulaire égale à celle de la Terre.  4, record 37, French, - vitesse%20angulaire

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters :scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates. This value is used to convert the voltage output from the gyro into an angular rate. System imperfections can cause small variations in the scale factor. These variations appear as a factor at the output of the gyro. Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point. It appears as an additive term on the gyro output, so any actual drift away from a given or predetermined value will cause the angular errors to accumulate.  2, record 38, English, - angular%20error

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rate gyroscope: A gyroscope that is suspended in just one gimbal whose bearings form its output axis and which is restrained by a spring; rotation of the gyroscope frame about an axis perpendicular to both spin and output axes produces precession of the gimbal within the bearings proportional to the rate of rotation.  3, record 38, English, - angular%20error

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un gyroscope (mesureur d'angle) utilise fondamentalement la propriété caractéristique d'inertialité (fixité dans l'espace absolu), totale ou partielle, de certains phénomènes physiques. À la base, c'est une mémoire de direction géométrique et matérielle dans l'espace. Avec l'utilisation d'un moyen approprié appelé détecteur angulaire, il est est capable de fournir une information d'écart angulaire entre le référentiel du boîtier du gyroscope et cette direction de référence.  3, record 38, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Selon leur réalisation les gyroscopes mécaniques ont un ou deux axes sensibles. On peut considérer les gyroscopes comme des «mémoires directionnelles». Il est donc possible d'obtenir un signal d'écart angulaire dès que l'on décale le boîtier d'un gyroscope.  4, record 38, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les systèmes inertiels peuvent générer une attitude à 0.1 degré, modifiant ainsi la précision des données selon l'altitude (car bien que l'erreur angulaire demeure la même, plus l'altitude augmente, pire sera l'erreur positionnelle).  5, record 38, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are tow types of matrix multiplication : scalar-by-matrix multiplication and matrix-by-matrix multiplication. As a noun, a scalar is a single number or scale factor that all the matrix elements are multiplied by in scalar multiplication. This is used to scale down all the elements of a matrix in equal proportion. In graphics, this is used on row and column vectors that represent points in space. It moves a point radially toward or away from the origin(0, 0, 0). This is often done to put the values of x, y, and z within a range that graphics routines can more easily handle, especially when integer arithmetic is being performed.  1, record 39, English, - scalar%2Dby%2Dmatrix%20multiplication

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of a change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured.  2, record 40, English, - scale%20factor

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters :scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates. This value is used to convert the voltage output from the gyro into an angular rate. System imperfections can cause small variations in the scale factor. These variations appear as a factor at the output of the gyro. Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point.  3, record 40, English, - scale%20factor

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of the least squares to input-output data... For some sensors the scale factor may be expressed as a reciprocal.  2, record 40, English, - scale%20factor

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport entre une modification à la sortie par rapport à une modification à l'entrée à mesurer.  2, record 40, French, - facteur%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le facteur d'échelle est généralement évalué comme la pente de la ligne droite qui peut être ajustée par la méthode des carrés minimaux appliquée aux données d'entrée-sortie obtenues en faisant varier l'entrée de façon cyclique sur la gamme d'entrée.  2, record 40, French, - facteur%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters :scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates. This value is used to convert the voltage output from the gyro into an angular rate. System imperfections can cause small variations in the scale factor. These variations appear as a factor at the output of the gyro. Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point.  1, record 41, English, - angular%20rate%20gyro

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le but de ce projet [...] est de mettre au point un simulateur compact pour étudier les conditions d'apparition du mal des transports dans les trains pendulaires afin d'optimiser la pendulation des trains à grande vitesse (T.G.V.). [...] nous avons conçu et fabriqué un casque muni d'accéléromètres linéaires et de gyromètres angulaires en trois axes [...] afin de mesurer les mouvements réels de la tête pour rendre les conditions des simulations plus proche de la réalité.  1, record 41, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20angulaire

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force which must be applied to the trigger of a firearm to cause sear release. It is measured by hanging a weight or an appropriate scale at a point where the trigger finger normally rests, with the force applied approximately parallel to the bore axis.  5, record 42, English, - trigger%20pull

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force devant être appliquée sur la détente d'une arme à feu pour provoquer le déclenchement de la gâchette. On la mesure en suspendant un poids ou un peson approprié à la détente, à l'endroit où on pose d'habitude le doigt, et en appliquant la force parallèlement à l'axe du canon.  1, record 42, French, - force%20de%20d%C3%A9tente

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

force de détente : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  4, record 42, French, - force%20de%20d%C3%A9tente

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A technique that has become useful in studies of wheat proteins is called gel electrofocusing. In practice this technique is similar to gel electrophoresis but it differs in principle. It separates a complex mixture of proteins according to a characteristic property called isoelectric point. Proteins that have different amino acid compositions have different isoelectric points. Resolution of wheat proteins by this technique is slightly better than that obtainable with gel electrophoresis, but the albumin(water-soluble) and gliadin(alcohol-soluble) components overlap in their separation range, both having isoelectric points in the region from five to eight on the scale used to express acidity or alkalinity of water solutions(pH).  2, record 43, English, - gel%20electrofocusing

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une des techniques utilisée dans l'étude des protéines du blé s'appelle focalisation isoélectrique sur gel. En pratique, elle est identique à l'électrophorèse sur gel, mais son principe est différent. Elle isole un mélange complexe de protéines d'après une propriété caractéristique. Le point isoélectrique. Les protéines qui possèdent des compositions différentes d'acides aminés présentent des points isoélectriques différents. La résolution des protéines du blé par cette technique est légèrement meilleure que celle que l'on peut réaliser par électrophorèse sur gel, mais l'albumine (hydrosoluble) et la gliadine (soluble dans l'alcool) se chevauchent dans leur gamme de séparation, toutes deux ayant des points isoélectriques dans le voisinage de cinq à huit sur l'échelle utilisée pour exprimer l'acidité ou l'alcalinité des solutions aqueuses, le pH.  1, record 43, French, - focalisation%20iso%C3%A9lectrique%20sur%20gel

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... if one starts with a network built on the Gosper maze, one can cut off the zigzags up to some positive scale that would thereafter become visible in the form of meanders. The point of departure is a river draining a "tile".... This river can be subdivided into successive links, a link having been defined... as a portion that borders upon subtiles of mth order but not of(m-1) order.  1, record 44, English, - Gosper%20maze

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a small piece of plastic with map scales etc. printed round the edge.  1, record 45, English, - romer

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most useful part of it is the top right corner, which has 1 : 50, 000 scale map gradations(divisions of a grid square) marked along and down it, counting backwards from the corner. When you place the correct numbered marks on the grid lines of the map, the corner of the romer shows the point the map reference refers to. This is essential for accurate plotting of 6 and 8 figure map references. Most romers have a hole in them; it's a good idea to loop a piece of string through it and hang it round your neck so you don’t lose it under the seat.  1, record 45, English, - romer

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument de cartographie employé pour reporter des points en coordonnées rectangulaires d'après une échelle donnée.  2, record 45, French, - %C3%A9querre%20%C3%A0%20report

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(of a curve, etc.).  2, record 46, English, - origin

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any arbitrary zero or starting point from which a magnitude is reckoned on a scale or other measuring device.  3, record 46, English, - origin

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Point à partir duquel on compte les coordonnées, ou les vecteurs, ou les angles, les méridiens, les parallèles, etc.  3, record 46, French, - origine

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un point fixe dont la cote ne sera pas modifiée en cours de travaux sert de point d'origine et est clairement désigné par le projeteur sur le plan.  2, record 46, French, - origine

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Origine (d'un vecteur); Enviroguide Éthylbenzène, 5.4.2.4; Dictionnaire français-anglais de terminologie mathématique, W. D. Lyle.  4, record 46, French, - origine

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

index : A fixed or movable part of the indicating device(pointer, luminous spot, liquid surface, recording pen, point, etc.) whose position with reference to the scale marks enables the result of the measurement to be defined.  2, record 47, English, - recording%20pen

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

index : Partie fixe ou mobile du dispositif indicateur (aiguille, spot lumineux, surface d'un liquide, plume d'enregistrement, pointe, etc...) dont la position par rapport aux repères permet de déterminer le résultat du mesurage.  2, record 47, French, - plume%20d%27enregistrement