TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some textile chemists are less oriented toward manufacturing processes and more focused toward fiber technologies. The study of textile chemistry begins with the knowledge of fibers themselves-both natural and synthetic.... Textile chemistry can generally be divided into three major areas : dyeing and finishing chemistry, fiber and polymer chemistry, and a newer area that intersects with materials science and involves the blending of textile materials. In the textile business, chemists work in R&D [research and development], process development, process modification, technical services, environmental testing, and dyeing and finishing operations.  3, record 1, English, - textile%20chemist

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

M. Joseph Shivers, PhD, inventeur et chimiste des textiles, baptisa son curieux spécimen Fibre K mais ce fut le terme Spandex qui est devenu populaire, une anagramme du mot anglais «expands».  4, record 1, French, - chimiste%20des%20textiles

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polymer scaffolds can provide mechanical strength, interconnected porosity and surface area, varying surface chemistry, and unique geometries to direct tissue regeneration. Scaffolding is essential in this endeavor to act as a three-dimensional template for tissue ingrowths by mimicking ECM [extracellular matrix].  1, record 2, English, - polymer%20scaffold

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recently developed techniques of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry [now permit] to synthesize catalysts having enzyme-like activities... sometimes called "synzymes"... It seems most likely... that enzyme mimics(analogues) will need a large complex structure,... as well as any portions of degraded or part-synthesized enzymes which one might hope would retain(or exhibit) particular catalytic ability. The hope derives from the finding that some complex enzymes display more than one catalytic ability, and have different domains with characteristic active sites with specificity for particular substrates and conversions.... Consideration of the development of "synzymes" leads immediately to the question of feasibility at reasonable cost in a reasonable time period. One obvious question is how faithfully must the structure of the enzyme active center be duplicated?  2, record 3, English, - synzyme

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There is growing interest in synthetic catalysts that mimic enzymes. Bioorganic chemists study enzyme models with the hope that results of their investigations will aid in the understanding of enzyme mechanism. With the development of industrial catalysis to the point where improvement in selectivity is a central theme in research, many believe that abiotic catalysts constructed with enzymes in mind could be of value in the chemical process industry.  3, record 3, English, - synzyme

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécule mimant l'action d'une enzyme naturelle, mais dépourvue de la structure complexe de celle-ci. En effet, les enzymes naturelles sont des protéines, macromolécules de plusieurs milliers d'atomes. Or seule une petite partie de l'enzyme, une cavité dans laquelle se loge un substrat, intervient dans une réaction enzymatique. Les chimistes ont donc synthétisé des composés ne possédant d'analogue à la structure protéinique que des cavités tridimensionnelles dans lesquelles viennent se loger, puis se transformer, des molécules «hôtes» de dimensions moléculaires modérées.  1, record 3, French, - enzyme%20artificielle

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'une des façons de mettre au point une enzyme artificielle est d'essayer de lui faire catalyser une réaction similaire à celle que catalyse une enzyme naturelle bien connue. Cette approche a été utilisée dans le cas des cyclodextrines modifiées pour «imiter» la ribonucléase A du pancréas du bœuf.  1, record 3, French, - enzyme%20artificielle

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme d'enzyme artificielle peut être ambigu: il ne s'agit absolument pas de produire des enzymes par synthèse chimique, ni de synthétiser des molécules capables de se substituer aux enzymes naturelles dans leur fonction, mais de fabriquer des catalyseurs «inspirés» des enzymes, aussi efficaces mais différant fondamentalement des catalyseurs usuels par leur organisation dans l'espace.  1, record 3, French, - enzyme%20artificielle

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

DNA chips are manufactured through a highly scalable process, called very large-scale immobilized polymer synthesis(VLSIPS), that combines photolithographic technologies adapted from the semiconductor industry with combinatorial chemistry.  1, record 4, English, - very%20large%2Dscale%20immobilized%20polymer%20synthesis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le but : synthétiser et sélectionner des produits en parallèle. Pour ce faire, [une] entreprise a mis au point une microplaquette d'un centimètre carré sur laquelle elle peut synthétiser et sélectionner 65 000 composés en 48 heures. À l'aide d'un mécanisme précis commandé par ordinateur, qui manœuvre un masque au-dessus de la plaquette, et de substances chimiques sensibles à la lumière, les ingénieurs peuvent déposer des nucléotides en plusieurs couches sur une grille. [...] À l'étape finale de la sélection, la plaquette est exposée à la molécule «cible» pour laquelle l'activité est recherchée et, lorsque la plaquette est frappée par un rayon laser, un marqueur spécial sensible à la lumière indique quels médicaments candidats se sont fixés le plus fortement lorsque la plaquette est frappée par un rayon laser. La technique, qui est en fait une synthèse sur polymère immobilisé à très grande échelle, est idéale pour stocker et extraire des données dans la banque du projet de génome humain [...]  1, record 4, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20sur%20polym%C3%A8re%20immobilis%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20tr%C3%A8s%20grande%20%C3%A9chelle

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of a family of condensation polymers of ethylene glycol with a high molecular weight that can be liquid or waxlike in consistency, are soluble in water and in many organic solvents and are used in detergents, in metal and rubber processing as well as additives to foods and animal feed, bases for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, binders, emulsifiers, humectants, laboratory reagents, mold lubricants, ointments, plasticizers, polishes, softeners and solvents.  8, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene oxide are polymers of ethylene oxide. Polyethylene glycol refers to the polymer with molecular weight less than 50,000, while polyethylene oxide is used for higher molecular weights. Polyethylene glycol is a polyether.  9, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alpha-; omega: These words must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letters or italicized.  1, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethane-1,2-diyl): form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  1, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

poly(ethylene glycol) : form recommended by the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for polymer name.  1, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Not to be confused with "polyglycol."  8, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Chemical formula: H-(OCH₂CH₂)_n-OH  8, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 6 OBS

In the chemical formula the subscripted "n" must be italicized.  8, record 5, English, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Domega%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique de hauts-polymères utilisés comme agents hygroscopiques pour les produits pharmaceutiques, comme solvants, dans la fabrication d'agents tensioactifs, de lubrifiants, de plastifiants et de produits cosmétiques.  8, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alpha-; oméga : Ces mots doivent être remplacés par la lettre grecque correspondante ou s'écrire en italique.  1, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alpha-hydro-oméga-hydroxypoly(oxyéthane-1,2-diyl) : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  1, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

poly(éthylèneglycol) : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) comme nom de polymère.  1, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : H-(OCH₂CH₂)_n-OH  7, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Dans la formule chimique, la lettre «n» en indice s'écrit en italique.  7, record 5, French, - alpha%2Dhydro%2Dom%C3%A9ga%2Dhydroxypoly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyl%29

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

macrogol: Término recomendado en el Diccionario crítico de dudas inglés-español de medicina, de Fernando A. Navarro.  5, record 5, Spanish, - macrogol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: H-(OCH₂CH₂)_n-OH  6, record 5, Spanish, - macrogol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

En la fórmula química, la "n" que figura en subíndice debe escribirse en itálica.  5, record 5, Spanish, - macrogol

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The immediate vicinity of the bound enzyme.  2, record 7, English, - microenvironment

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two distinct ways in which a polymer support might affect the microenvironment surrounding an immobilized enzyme. The first may be considered to be a partitioning effect. By virtue of its own physical chemistry, the polymer may attract(or repel) substrate, product, inhibitor, or other molecules to its surface thus concentrating(or depleting) them in the immediate vicinity of the enzyme. The second way in which the polymer may affect the enzyme's microenvironment may be by presenting itself as a barrier to the free diffusion of molecules both to and from the enzyme.  3, record 7, English, - microenvironment

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Environnement immédiat dans lequel agit l'enzyme.  1, record 7, French, - microenvironnement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conditions de microenvironnement imposées permettent de modifier considérablement la catalyse notamment du point de vue de la spécificité : seules les applications analytiques nécessitent une spécificité absolue. Pour les applications de bioconversions, il est intéressant de pouvoir exploiter pour une large gamme de substrats, une spécificité restreinte (régio- ou stéréospécificité) ex : isomération de glucose en fructose par la xylose isomérase. [...] Cette spécificité peut elle-même dépendre du microenvironnement : ainsi la β galactosidase d'E. Coli ne peut hydrolyser à l'état soluble les galactocérébrosides très hydrophobes. Elle acquiert cette capacité de reconnaissance par inclusion dans des liposomes.  3, record 7, French, - microenvironnement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of acid-based fuel cell in which the exchange of protons (H+) from the anode to the cathode is achieved by a solid, water-swollen membrane electrolyte impregnated with a strong acid.  6, record 8, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A PEM(Proton E xchange Membrane, also called Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cell uses a simple chemical process to combine hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electric current in the process. For those interested in the chemistry, it works something like electrolysis in reverse.  4, record 8, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[These] fuel cells typically run at low temperatures (<100ºC) and pressures (<5 atm).  6, record 8, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pile dont l'électrolyte est une membrane échangeuse de protons.  7, record 8, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20%C3%A0%20membrane%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20protons

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That branch of chemistry concerned with the preparation and properties of polymers.  1, record 10, English, - polymer%20chemistry

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chimie des polymères. [...] Ce cours a pour but d'initier l'étudiant à la polymérisation et aux propriétés des polymères. Les sujets traités sont les suivants : définitions et nomenclature, détermination des masses molaires, polymérisation radicalaire, polycondensation, polymérisation par voie ionique, polymérisation stéréospécifique, copolymérisation, cristallinité et morphologie, phénomènes de transition, élasticité, propriétés mécaniques, recyclage des plastiques.  1, record 10, French, - chimie%20des%20polym%C3%A8res

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The real break through(in DVD technology) has come in the chemistry laboratories of Agfa in Belgium, where scientists are experimenting with data storage on a molecular plane, using a layer of photo-addressable polymers on the disc. The polymers have side-chains that rotate into one of 36 positions when subjected to light. Before recording, the polymer layer is opaque. Once subjected to light, the polymer's side-chains rotate to an extent that is controlled by varying the strength of the laser impulse. The laser will not be reading a two-dimensional system of pit/no-pit but a three-dimensional scale of grey dots, corresponding to four bits on each molecule. the twisting molecule discs could be on the market in about 10 years.  1, record 11, English, - molecular%20CD

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish