TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method of immobilization of enzymes by entrapment within the microcavities of synthetic fibres.  1, record 1, English, - fibre%20entrapment

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term entrapment has been used to cover a range of immobilization techniques. O’Driscoll has chosen to distinguish between those methods, where a gel or membrane is formed around an enzyme by polymerization and those methods where the enzyme is retained in a preformed polymer by subsequent formation of a cross-linked network. Microencapsulation and fiber entrapment are clearly other examples of this immobilization technique.  3, record 1, English, - fibre%20entrapment

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En dehors de l'équipe de DINELLI, en Italie, qui a préparé de nombreuses enzymes immobilisées par inclusion dans des fibres d'acétate de cellulose, les enzymes immobilisées à structure non membranaire se présentent sous forme de particules de taille, de porosité et de propriétés mécaniques très variables. Ce sont les caractéristiques de ces particules qui conditionnent la mise en œuvre. Le choix du support pourra être ainsi différent selon que l'on envisage l'emploi de ces systèmes à petite échelle ou dans un but industriel.  1, record 1, French, - inclusion%20dans%20des%20fibres

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The localization of two or more enzymes at the same time and in the same micro-vicinity.  1, record 2, English, - simultaneous%20immobilization

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Simultaneous immobilization] may be achieved by such means as covalent bonding of the enzymes to the same functionalized polymer or by entrapment of the catalysts within the same microspace of a crosslinked polymer, microcapsule, or membrane-dependent device.  1, record 2, English, - simultaneous%20immobilization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gel electrophoresis in which a discontinuity of pH or gel pore size is introduced near the point of origin producing a very thin starting zone and sharp separations.  1, record 3, English, - disc%20electrophoresis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cross-linked polymer most commonly employed for enzyme entrapment is polyacrylamide gel, and it has been used for the immobilization of many enzymes. The procedure for the formation of polyacrylamide gel is identical to that employed for the preparation of gel commonly used for disc electrophoresis.  3, record 3, English, - disc%20electrophoresis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "disc" was originally proposed by the inventor primarily to express the idea of discontinuity, secondarily to reflect the discoid shape of the separate bands.  4, record 3, English, - disc%20electrophoresis

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode dérivant de l'électrophorèse de zones où le mélange protéique qui doit être analysé est soumis à un champ électrique dans un gel retardateur qui est séparé en deux portions différant par leur porosité et tamponnées à pH différents. Le mélange de protéines migre du gel le plus poreux vers le gel le moins poreux, ce processus s'accompagnant d'une modification de pH. Chaque espèce de protéines se concentre ainsi dans une zone plutôt étroite, en bandes minces, ce qui permet d'obtenir une très grande résolution, plus élevée que celle obtenue avec un tampon continu.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9lectrophor%C3%A8se%20discontinue

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Disc electrophoresis et disc-electrophoreis sont des termes anglais souvent cités dans les ouvrages français. A déconseiller.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9lectrophor%C3%A8se%20discontinue

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gel entrapment method involves entrapping of the enzymes within the interstitial spaces of crosslinked water insoluble polymer gels.... The usual method of gel formation is to polymerize acrylamide in an aqueous solution of the soluble enzyme and a crosslinking agent such as N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide). The resulting gel block can be mechanically dispersed into particles of desired size. The broad distribution of pore size of the gel inevitably results in leakage of the entrapped enzyme even after prolonged washing whilst the generation of free radicals in the course of the reaction may affect the activity of the entrapped enzymes.  1, record 4, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "entrapment".  2, record 4, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont en général immobilisées soit par fixation covalente sur un support membranaire, soit par utilisation d'un agent de pontage qui provoque la réticulation des molécules de protéine active ou la coréticulation de l'enzyme avec une protéine inerte. Les techniques d'inclusion dans un gel ou de confinement d'enzymes en solution sont progressivement remplacées pas les méthodes chimiques d'immobilisation. Les capteurs sont le plus souvent de type électrochimique.  1, record 4, French, - inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To better understand the roles of adsorption, inaccessible pore volume and entrapment, comprehension of polymer size and pore size is necessary. Determination of polymer size has been addressed... mathematically and experimentally... Gogarty concluded that the effective size of polymer units was between 0. 45-0. 8 microns.  1, record 5, English, - polymer%20size

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] de très nombreuses études sur l'écoulement en milieu poreux dans des conditions où la taille des macromolécules n'est pas négligeable par rapport aux dimensions des pores [...] ont permis [...]  1, record 5, French, - dimension%20des%20macromol%C3%A9cules

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le comportement rhéoépaississant aux grandes vitesses [...] ne [dépend] pas des dimensions relatives macromolécules-pore [...]  1, record 5, French, - dimension%20des%20macromol%C3%A9cules

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Entrapment must be distinguished from plugging because the entrapped polymer still has sufficient freedom to permit the flow of oil or other non-aqueous fluid...  1, record 6, English, - entrapped%20polymer

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En milieu poreux, il y a [...] perte de polymère [...] à la fois par adsorption à la surface solide, et par piégeage mécanique dans les pores.  2, record 6, French, - polym%C3%A8re%20pi%C3%A9g%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... another important cause for permeability reduction with polymer solutions is entrapment.... consider a pore space which has a small opening at one end and a relatively large opening at the other end. Whenever the large opening faces the upstream side of the porous media the polymer can enter the pore opening, but cannot leave. It has been trapped.  2, record 7, English, - mechanical%20entrapment

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En milieu poreux, il y a interaction entre le squelette solide et les agrégats de macromolécules, provoquant une perte de polymère [...] par adsorption à la surface solide, et par piégeage mécanique dans les pores.  1, record 7, French, - pi%C3%A9geage%20m%C3%A9canique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish