TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While pipetting systems typically concentrate on liquid transfer, liquid handling robots can have integrated additional modules such as heaters, shakers, or polymerase chain reaction(PCR) modules, which also enable further sample preparation steps to be processed on the system.  3, record 1, English, - liquid%2Dhandling%20robot

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quantitative PCR ... indicates not just whether a specific DNA segment is present in a sample, but also how much of it is there. ... Quantitative PCR is used ... to help search for and evaluate targets, i.e. the sites in the body at which new drugs can act. ... the number of working copies of a specific gene [can be] measured by quantitative PCR. ... By comparing the profiles in healthy and ill people it is possible to determine ... whether a gene ... is associated with the development or progression of a disease. ... Another important application of quantitative PCR is in molecular diagnosis, i.e. the diagnosis of diseases [particularly viral diseases] based on molecular findings rather than on physiological symptoms.  4, record 2, English, - quantitative%20PCR

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR consists in the selective amplification of a given DNA sequence from a pathogen’s genome. ... PCR can be quantitative, i.e. it can evaluate the viral or bacterial load (number of pathogen per milliliter of blood), which can be very useful to follow the effect of an antibiotic or antiviral therapy.  5, record 2, English, - quantitative%20PCR

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

QPCR: Although this abbreviation is widely used to refer to "quantitative PCR", it is also sometimes used to refer to "qualitative PCR".  6, record 2, English, - quantitative%20PCR

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le virus se multiplie activement dans le foie et peut être détecté dans le sang par [la] PCR qui permet d'amplifier la présence de brins de virus actif (ARN). Il existe deux modalités, l'une globale ou PCR qualitative, l'autre plus précise mesurant le nombre de particules virales circulantes ou PCR quantitative [qui permet] de mesurer la charge virale avant [un] traitement et d'en suivre le taux durant celui-ci.  3, record 2, French, - PCR%20quantitative

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La PCR quantitative [...] ne détecte pas des quantités de virus aussi faibles que la PCR qualitative, mais elle permet de mesurer la quantité de virus présent dans l'organisme. C'est un reflet de l'importance de la multiplication du virus [...] Elle est également utile lors de la surveillance du traitement. Elle permet d'évaluer son efficacité et [de] savoir s'il faut le poursuivre ou non [...]  4, record 2, French, - PCR%20quantitative

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In ovo sexing is carried out through several invasive and noninvasive methods. These include the use of specific DNA amplification techniques(polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction), hormone detection, odor analysis and several spectroscopic analyses.  2, record 3, English, - in%20ovo%20sexing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ovosexage permet de déterminer le sexe des embryons dans l'œuf lors des 14 premiers jours, afin d'éliminer les mâles avant leur éclosion.  4, record 3, French, - ovosexage

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.  3, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A technique used to make numerous copies of a DNA segment.  4, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA.  3, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

PCR test  4, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique permettant d'obtenir un grand nombre de copies d'un fragment d'ADN.  6, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Pour en isoler l'ADN, l'échantillon subit solubilisation, centrifugation et précipitation par de l'alcool. Le fragment d'ADN constitutif du transgène recherché est alors sélectivement amplifié, c'est-à-dire répliqué en de nombreux exemplaires. [...] on sépare les deux brins formant l'ADN par chauffage [...] puis on introduit dans le milieu de travail des amorces, qui sont les morceaux d'ADN encadrant le transgène. On ajoute aussi une enzyme, par exemple la Taq-polymérase, qui va, à partir des bases placées en excès dans le milieu, fabriquer le brin complémentaire d'ADN. [...] Pour séparer les transgènes des autres portions d'ADN, on pratique alors une électrophorèse, ou migration différentielle sur gel d'agarose.  7, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

PCR : L'abréviation «PCR» provient du terme anglais «polymerase chain reaction».  6, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

amplification en chaîne par polymérase; ACP : désignations publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 23 novembre 2006.  8, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica utilizada para hacer copias de moléculas específicas de ADN.  3, record 5, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se calienta la doble hélice de ADN al objeto de separar sus cadenas. La enzima (junto con las subunidades que conforman el ADN y unas breves secuencias cebadoras) fabrica nuevas copias de la hélice original. El proceso se repite ad infinitum.  3, record 5, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] method of assessing biodiversity wherein samples are taken from the environment via water, sediment or air from which DNA is extracted, and then amplified using general or universal primers in polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using next-generation sequencing to generate thousands to millions of reads.  2, record 6, English, - environmental%20DNA%20metabarcoding

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

eDNA metabarcoding is a unique method still in development and will likely remain in flux for some time as technology advances and procedures become standardized. However, as metabarcoding is optimized and its use becomes more widespread, it is likely to become an essential tool for ecological monitoring and global conservation study.  2, record 6, English, - environmental%20DNA%20metabarcoding

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] une nouvelle technique appelée métacodage de l'ADN environnemental. Cette technique utilise des échantillons environnementaux en vrac pour identifier les espèces selon leurs séquences génomiques particulières («codes à barres» de l'ADN), obtenues au moyen des technologies de séquençage à haut débit.  2, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9tacodage%20%C3%A0%20barres%20de%20l%27ADN%20environnemental

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le métacodage à barres de l'ADN environnemental (ADNe) est une nouvelle méthode pour caractériser la diversité des espèces et peut contribuer de manière substantielle aux évaluations de l'impact benthique des piscicultures.  3, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9tacodage%20%C3%A0%20barres%20de%20l%27ADN%20environnemental

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ready-to-use PCR [polymerase chain reaction] plates, known as pre-spotted plates(PSP), consist of plastic supports for RTi-PCR(e. g. 96-well plates) in which primers and probes from chosen assays are pre-dispensed. PSP facilitate multi-target analyses because a single reaction mixture per sample, containing all reagents except primers and probes, is prepared and then loaded in the appropriate wells.  1, record 7, English, - pre%2Dspotted%20plate

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the study, we found that the Taq DNA polymerase used for PCR [polymerase chain reaction] adds on a single extra base(usually an A) at the end of a large fraction of the newly synthesized chains. These had to be removed by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to insure restoration of the gene sequence.  3, record 9, English, - Taq%20polymerase

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used for polymerase chain reaction.  1, record 9, English, - Taq%20polymerase

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ADN polymérase thermorésistante extraite de la bactérie Thermus aquaticus et utilisée par l'amplification élective du ADN in vitro [...] à température élevée (aux environs de 70°).  3, record 9, French, - Taq%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Taq : Thermus aquaticus.  4, record 9, French, - Taq%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ADN polimerasa termoestable aislada de la bacteria termofílica Thermus aquaticus, muy utilizada en [reacción en cadena de la polimerasa].  1, record 9, Spanish, - polimerasa%20Taq

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High-resolution HLA-DRB [human leucocyte antigen-5, 6-dichloro-furanosyl-benzimidazole riboside] typing is required for bone marrow transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients and also for identification of novel HLA-DRB alleles. Here we describe a method for the unambiguous identification of HLA-DRB alleles using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing.  1, record 10, English, - denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de electroforesis para separar fragmentos de ADN del mismo tamaño en función de su secuencia.  1, record 10, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20desnaturalizante%20en%20gradiente

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A short unique DNA sequence(200-500 bp long) that can be amplified by PCR [polymerase chain reaction] and is thus tagged to the site on the chromosome from which it was amplified.  4, record 11, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Short(200 to 500 base pairs) DNA sequence that has a single occurrence in the human genome and whose location and base sequence are known. Detectable by polymerase chain reaction, STSs are useful for localizing and orienting the mapping sequence data reported from many different laboratories and serve as landmarks on the developing physical map of the human genome.... Expressed sequence tags(ESTs) are STSs derived from cDNAs.  1, record 11, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Glossary in molecular biology (portions of the glossary text were taken directly or modified from definitions in the U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment document).  1, record 11, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Site génomique unique défini par un couple d'amorces.  2, record 11, French, - site%20%C3%A9tiquet%C3%A9%20par%20une%20s%C3%A9quence

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe deux manières d'utiliser les ADNc pour cartographier les gènes correspondants. La première consiste à utiliser l'ADNc comme sonde, l'autre à dériver à partir de sa séquence un marqueur STS (sequence tagged site, site étiqueté par une séquence). Dans les deux cas, les clones d'ADNc sont étudiés un par un.  1, record 11, French, - site%20%C3%A9tiquet%C3%A9%20par%20une%20s%C3%A9quence

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secuencia única de ADN corta (200-500 pb) que puede ser amplificada por[reacción en cadena de la polimerasa] y por lo tanto, marcar el lugar del cromosoma donde se amplificó.  1, record 11, Spanish, - sitio%20de%20secuencia%20marcada

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

STS por sus siglas en inglés.  2, record 11, Spanish, - sitio%20de%20secuencia%20marcada

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Differential Display (DD) ... and a conceptually similar technique, arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA (APPCR)19, both PCR amplify subsets of an mRNA population and separate the resulting cDNAs by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since the introduction of DD in 1992, over 100 reports regarding improvements and/or successful applications have been published. Although DD has the appearance of being technically easy, the road from "band on the gel" to a positive can be treacherous as outlined in a recent commentary. The primary criticisms are (1) a high false positive rate, (2) questioned ability of DD to identify both abundant and rare mRNAs, (3) coding regions of mRNAs are usually not cloned, and (4) verification process is time consuming and usually requires a fair amount of RNA.  5, record 12, English, - differential%20display

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1992, deux chercheurs du Dana Farber Cancer Institute de Boston (États-Unis), P. Liang et AB Pardee, présentent une nouvelle méthode, le «differential display» (DD) - ou DDRT-PCR (DD reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) qui permet une étude directe des modifications de l'expression génique [...] P. Liang et AB Pardee ont démontré que la combinaison d'amorces arbitraires et d'amorces spécifiques des ARNm permet de générer un set de fragments d'ADNc représentatifs des ARNm d'une cellule. Dans des conditions appropriées, le profil des fragments dérivés d'un type cellulaire est reproductible et peut être comparé à celui des fragments d'un autre type cellulaire. L'étude directe de l'expression différentielle des gènes devient possible.  2, record 12, French, - technique%20du%20DD

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Outil d'expression génique.  1, record 12, French, - technique%20du%20DD

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para identificar ARNm que se encuentra a diferentes concentraciones en diferentes tejidos o en respuesta a tratamientos específicos.  1, record 12, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los ARNm se convierte a ADNc; una determinada proporción de estos ADNc se amplifican por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 12, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small piece of DNA that allows genes to be located along chromosomes.  3, record 13, English, - expressed%20sequence%20tag

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sequenced tagged site : Short(200 to 500 base pairs) DNA sequence that has a single occurrence in the human genome and whose location and base sequence are known. Detectable by polymerase chain reaction, STSs are useful for localizing and orienting the mapping sequence data reported from many different laboratories and serve as landmarks on the developing physical map of the human genome. Expressed sequence tags(ESTs) are STSs derived from cDNAs.  4, record 13, English, - expressed%20sequence%20tag

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Court fragment de 300 à 500 nucléotides résultant d'une séquençage partiel d'ARN convertis en ADNc.  4, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tiquette%20de%20s%C3%A9quence%20transcrite

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les étiquettes de séquences transcrites (EST) fournissent une image instantanée des gènes exprimés dans un matériel. Ces séquences partielles sont comparées une à une à celles stockées dans les bases de données (en anglais : dbEST) et peuvent être utilisées pour la cartographie de l'ADN génomique.  1, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tiquette%20de%20s%C3%A9quence%20transcrite

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

étiquette de séquence transcrite; EST : terme et abréviation publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 23 novembre 2006.  6, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tiquette%20de%20s%C3%A9quence%20transcrite

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clon de ADNc parcialmente secuenciado.  1, record 13, Spanish, - etiqueta%20de%20secuencia%20expresada

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A short sequence of single-stranded DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] or RNA [ribonucleic acid] that is paired with one complementary strand of DNA and provides a free 3’-OH end at which a DNA polymerase starts synthesis of a deoxyribonucleotide chain.  2, record 14, English, - primer

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a method of copying a DNA or RNA strand thousands of times, in a matter of minutes, by using the natural ability of an enzyme called polymerase to copy DNA.... Scientists must know... what DNA sequences flank or frame either ends of the desired portion. Complementary copies of the DNA sequences that flank the ends are created by using special enzymes; they are called primers. They identify the start and end of the copying process.... Since primers are complementary to the beginning and ending regions of the desired portion of the DNA sequence, they will bond to those areas and act as a building block for the copying process to begin and end.  3, record 14, English, - primer

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Oligonucléotide qui, hybridé avec une matrice d'acide nucléique, permet à une polymérase d'initier la synthèse du brin complémentaire. [Définition normalisée par l’AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 14, French, - amorce

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un cycle d'amplification comprend trois étapes : une phase de dénaturation thermique [...] de l'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] qui sépare les deux chaînes complémentaires; une phase d'appariement de ces chaînes avec de courts segments d'ADN (oligonucléotides synthétiques appelés amorces) présents en grande quantité et dont la séquence nucléotidique est complémentaire des extrémités de la cible; enfin une phase d'élongation par l'ADN polymérase qui ajoute, à l'extrémité de l'amorce appariée à la cible, les unités de monomères complémentaires à ceux de la séquence cible.  3, record 14, French, - amorce

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les amorces ont deux fonctions, le repérage de l'ADN recherché, puis l'amorçage de la réplication de cet ADN par un ADN polymérase.  4, record 14, French, - amorce

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amorce : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR et publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  5, record 14, French, - amorce

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Oligonucleótido de tamaño pequeño que, al hibridar con un molde de ADN de un hebra, le proporciona una estructura bicatenaria a partir de la cual, la ADN polimerasa sintetizará una nueva hebra de ADN para producir una molécula dúplex.  1, record 14, Spanish, - cebador

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each 96-well plate includes SYBR [Synergy Brands] Green-optimised primer sets for a thoroughly researched panel of relevant, pathway-or disease-focused genes. The arrays can also be customised to contain a panel of genes tailored to a specific research interests. The design and master mix formulation facilite the PCR [polymerase chain reaction] array to amplify 96 different gene-specific products simultaneously under uniform cycling conditions.  3, record 15, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20array

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR :polymerase chain reaction.  4, record 15, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20array

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR : Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase.  3, record 15, French, - biopuce%20%C3%A0%20produits%20PCR

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of DNA fragment using single primer with an arbitrary nucleotide sequence.  2, record 16, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis, assay, marker, method, technique.  2, record 16, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de génotypage basée sur la PCR [réaction en chaîne de la polymérase] dans laquelle une matrice génomique est amplifiée par une seule amorce courte (généralement 10-mer [unité monomère]) choisie aléatoirement.  1, record 16, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Analyse, essai, marqueur, méthode, technique d'amplification aléatoire de l'ADN polymorphe.  2, record 16, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica de genotipado, basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, en la que se amplifica un molde genómico con un único cebador corto (10 nucleótidos) elegido al azar.  1, record 16, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los fragmentos obtenidos son el resultado de la amplificación de regiones de hasta 2 kpb [kilo pares de bases] de longitud, que se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 16, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During discussions it was put forward that there are two stages in the creation of a germline transgenic animal. The first step is to create a founder animal. This is the developmental stage... During the second stage, which is trying to procreate the founder animals to establish true breeding lines, there is more confidence in the determination of a negative status therefore polymerase chain reaction only need be performed.  1, record 17, English, - founder%20animal

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A breeder should not allow more than 50% of the genes of the foundation animal appear in any individual in the herd as this will avoid incestuous relationships.  3, record 17, English, - founder%20animal

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant les discussions, on a indiqué qu'il existe deux stades dans la création d'un animal transgénique issu de cellules germinales. Le premier stade consiste à créer l'animal fondateur. Il s'agit du stade du développement [...] Pendant le deuxième stade -- qui consiste à multiplier l'animal fondateur afin d'établir des lignées pouvant transmettre leurs caractères héréditaires --, seule une amplification par la polymérase est requise, car la confiance en la détermination du statut négatif est plus élevée.  2, record 17, French, - animal%20fondateur

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Individuo que, al portar un transgén en su línea germinal, puede utilizarse para establecer una línea transgénica pura a través de cruzamientos, o aquél que se emplea como reproductor para animales transgénicos.  1, record 17, Spanish, - animal%20fundador

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

TPP has received applications from CBS and HQ (Héma-Québec) to begin genomic amplification testing/nucleic acid testing (GAT)/NAT).  1, record 18, English, - nucleic%20acid%20testing

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nucleic acid testing, called NAT by blood banks, promises to close that gap. It could virtually eliminate the few cases of HIV that taint blood every year, said Dr. Celso Bianco of the New York Blood Center. And experts predict it will prevent an estimated 84 annual cases of hepatitis C transmission through blood, the vast majority. The government hasn’t mandated NAT-tested blood yet because technically it's still experimental. Genetic fingerprinting is commonplace in laboratories, where it's called PCR, for polymerase chain reaction testing. But how to test the entire blood supply raises questions, and blood banks are using different strategies to implement the new technology.  3, record 18, English, - nucleic%20acid%20testing

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Test sanguin utilisé pour détecter certains virus dans le sang de donneurs potentiels.  2, record 18, French, - test%20des%20acides%20nucl%C3%A9iques

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Équivalent fourni par un membre du personnel d'Héma-Québec.  2, record 18, French, - test%20des%20acides%20nucl%C3%A9iques

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PCR consists in the selective amplification of a given DNA sequence from a pathogen’s genome. In qualitative PCR, the presence of an amplification product is checked by gel electrophoresis ...  3, record 19, English, - qualitative%20PCR

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When PCR is used only for detecting a specific DNA segment, the method is referred to as qualitative PCR. ... Qualitative PCR is an extremely sensitive method which is theoretically able to detect a single DNA molecule in a sample solution. In many cases specific genes are copied in this way, e.g. in order to identify pathological changes. ... Qualitative PCR is also used around the world in forensic medicine to identify individuals. ... only qualitative PCR can determine whether an infection has been eradicated, whether it is chronic (and might therefore progress unnoticed) and whether the individual has been reinfected with a different but related pathogen.  4, record 19, English, - qualitative%20PCR

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Examen de biologie moléculaire, réalisé dans des laboratoires spécialisés, permettant, grâce à une technique d'amplification, la détection des brins d'ARN dans le sérum.  3, record 19, French, - PCR%20qualitative

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La PCR qualitative est une technique très sensible c'est-à-dire qu'elle détecte le virus même en très petite quantité dans le sang. [...] Elle est utile lors du diagnostic d'hépatite virale C. Par exemple, si on trouve des anticorps anti-VHC dans le sang d'un individu, [le] médecin fait [...] réaliser une PCR qualitative qui confirme ou non la persistance du virus dans l'organisme. [La PCR qualitative] est [aussi] utile lors de la surveillance d'un traitement. Par exemple, le médecin prescrit une PCR qualitative à la fin du traitement de l'hépatite puis 24 semaines après pour savoir si le virus est encore présent ou non, c'est-à-dire si le traitement a été efficace ou non.  4, record 19, French, - PCR%20qualitative

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) technique is one of a number of DNA fingerprinting procedures that takes advantage of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to amplify a limited set of DNA fragments from a specific DNA sample...  2, record 20, English, - amplified%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The determination of the sex of an embryo, typically by means of PCR [polymerase chain reaction] involving amplification from a small sample of embryonic tissue, using primers specific for a locus on the Y chromosome.  2, record 21, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

FISH [fluorescent in situ hybridisation] is used for the analysis of chromosomes and is the preferred method of embryo sexing for patients at risk of transmitting X-linked diseases.  3, record 21, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is now possible to detect some genetic diseases in very early embryos by a procedure known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). [...] PGD has primarily been used to determine the sex of embryos for couples who carry a sex linked disease, such as haemophilia or muscular dystrophy, (which affect only boys). Embryo sexing is achieved by subjecting the biopsied cells to fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) where the X- and Y-chromosomes in the cells are labelled red and green.  4, record 21, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sexage d'embryon. Détermination du sexe d'un embryon avant la naissance. Généralement accomplie par la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne de l'ADN extrait d'un échantillon de tissu embryonnaire. Elle dépend de la disponibilité de marqueurs fiables pour différencier les chromosomes sexuels.  2, record 21, French, - d%C3%A9termination%20du%20sexe%20de%20l%27embryon

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La réalisation du caryotype foetal doit être proposée en cas de diagnostic prénatal de maladie génique récessive liée au sexe comme la myopathie de Duchenne ou l'hémophilie, la détermination du sexe de l'embryon est nécessaire pour évaluer un premier risque ; seul les garçons sont atteints (un sur deux).  3, record 21, French, - d%C3%A9termination%20du%20sexe%20de%20l%27embryon

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Localización de algunos factores que determinan el sexo biológico [del embrión], por ejemplo, los cromosomas sexuales presentes en las células del individuo.  3, record 21, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20del%20sexo%20del%20embri%C3%B3n

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sexaje de embriones. Determinación del sexo del embrión antes del nacimiento. Generalmente se realiza aplicando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para amplificar el ADN extraído de una muestra del tejido embrionario. Depende de la disponibilidad de marcadores fiables para el cromosoma sexual diferencial.  4, record 21, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20del%20sexo%20del%20embri%C3%B3n

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Three families of repetitive sequences have been studied in most detail, including the 35-40 bp [base pair] repetitive extragenic palindromic(REP) sequence, the 124-127 bp enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC) sequence, and the 154 bp BOX element. These sequences appear to be located in distinct, intergenic positions all around the chromosome. The repetitive elements may be present in both orientations on the chromosome, and PCR [polymerase chain reaction] primers have been designed to "read outward" from the inverted repeats in REP and ERIC, and from the boxA subunit of BOX. The use of the above primer(s) and PCR leads to the selective amplification of distinct genomic regions located between REP, ERIC or BOX sequences. The corresponding protocols are referred to as REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR, respectively, and rep-PCR collectively. Amplified bands are size fractionated through a gel matrix to yield fingerprint patterns resembling "bar codes", analogous to UPC codes used in grocery stores, and function as a signature for specific bacterial strains.  3, record 22, English, - BOX%2DPCR

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique d'amplification génique effectuée au moyen d'amorces de type BOX afin d'établir l'empreinte génétique d'un microorganisme.  2, record 22, French, - BOX%2DPCR

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'utilisation de l'article semble rare. Par exemple, on parlerait plutôt «d'empreinte génétique par BOX-PCR» que «d'empreinte génétique par la BOX-PCR».  2, record 22, French, - BOX%2DPCR

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism(fbAFLP) is a novel assay based on the fluorescent analysis of an amplified subset of restriction fragments. The fbAFLP assay involves the selective PCR [polymerase chain reaction] amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA. The ligation of adapters with primer-specific sites coupled with primers containing selective nucleotides allowed the full potential of PCR to be realized while maintaining the advantages of restriction endonuclease analysis. Fluorescence-based fragment analysis with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis provides the accurate band sizing required for homology assessment.  5, record 23, English, - fluorescent%20amplified%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'utilisation du sigle anglais dans les textes français est fréquente. Toutefois, pour le moment, il ne semble y avoir aucun terme au long consacré en français.  2, record 23, French, - polymorphisme%20par%20fluorescence%20de%20longueur%20de%20fragments%20amplifi%C3%A9s

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recent media reports have painted a relentlessly gloomy picture of the status of AIDS drug development. Yet much useful information on treatment emerged at the 10th International Conference on AIDS in Yokohama, Japan(August 7-12, 1994). Encouraging treatment developments presented in Yokohama include the following : Recombinant human growth hormone therapy significantly increases weight gain as represented by fat-free lean body mass among people with AIDS-related wasting. AZT treatment dramatically reduces the rate of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Acyclovir co-treatment with anti-HIV therapy significantly increases survival time among people with AIDS. Oral ganciclovir appears to be an effective primary prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease. The protease inhibitor drug saquinavir reduces viral load and increases CD4 cell counts significantly more when used in a triple combination with AZT and ddC compared to 2 double combinations(AZT plus ddC or saquinavir plus AZT). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and branched chain DNA(bDNA) testing for measuring HIV load is expected to become a major new tool to help guide individual treatment decisions and to evaluate anti-HIV therapies in clinical studies.  1, record 24, English, - AIDS%20drug

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque étape du cycle de réplication du virus est la cible potentielle d'un médicament contre le sida.  1, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20contre%20le%20sida

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'azidothymidine ou AZT constitue sans aucun doute le plus connu des médicaments du sida.  2, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20contre%20le%20sida

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las siglas del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) se han incorporado al español como un nombre común, por lo cual se escriben en minúsculas.  2, record 24, Spanish, - medicamento%20contra%20el%20sida

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Polymerase chain reaction technique that allows detection of sequence tagged sites(STSs) in DNA sequences to determine map locations for construction of various types of genomic maps.  1, record 25, English, - electronic%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

...] méthode d'analyse de séquences : la PCR électronique (PCRe) ou PCR in silico. Cette méthode procure un gain de temps considérable car elle permet de détecter la présence de STS dans une séquence d'ADN sans avoir à faire d'expériences. Elle utilise une stratégie d'analyse informatique fondée sur le même principe que la PCR classique, d'où son nom.  1, record 25, French, - PCR%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré du Technoscope.  3, record 25, French, - PCR%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A Novel Mutation in the Sex Determining Region on Y(SRY) Gene as an Etiology of Familial Swyer Syndrome. Swyer Syndrome(SWY) is a failure of testicular differentiation that results in 46, XY sex reversed females. Unlike sporadic SWY, familial cases of SWY appear to be transmitted through 46, XX carrier females and maybe due to X-linked or autosomal genes downstream from SRY in the sexual differentiation cascade. Carriers of a mutation in SRY would be expected to be affected with SWY and be sterile. This report describes two siblings with SWY who have been previously found to have a normal SRY gene with polymerase chain reaction(PCR)  4, record 26, English, - sex%20determining%20region%20on%20Y

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gène du chromosome Y qui joue un rôle important dans la détermination du sexe.  4, record 26, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20SRY

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A duplex PCR was developed to detect Potato Leaf Roll Virus and PVY from the same sample. PCR methods can detect nucleic acids.  1, record 27, English, - duplex%20PCR

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescent PCR: A New Technique for PGD of Sex and Single-Gene Defects. For single-cell diagnosis, particularly preimplantation genetic diagnosis to be successful four main criteria must be achieved: sensitivity, reliability, accuracy, and identification/elimination of contamination... Fluorescent PCR achieves all four necessary criteria and, in addition, currently allows genes on up to nine chromosomes to be simultaneously investigated.  1, record 28, English, - fluorescent%20PCR

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de la PCR fluorescente est d'utiliser des oligonucléotides marqués par un fluorochrome. La détection du signal fluorescent se fait à l'aide d'un séquenceur automatique.  1, record 28, French, - PCR%20fluorescente

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique susceptible d'améliorer le diagnostic génétique préimplantatoire.  2, record 28, French, - PCR%20fluorescente

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Experimental substrate is developed within this facility and from the Transplant Research Surgery Laboratory, creating directly translational research in organ transplantation. Current research projects are investigating gene transfer vectorology, in vitro models of allograft rejection, and screening for genetic determinants of chronic rejection. The laboratory is fully equipped, including a tissue culture facility, cold room, recombinant virus culture incubators and thermocyclers for polymerase chain reaction assays.  1, record 29, English, - vectorology

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Association française contre les myopathies (AFM) prépare l'installation pour le début de l'année 1997 d'une nouvelle unité de recherche en vectorologie sur le site du Généthon à Évry. Ce laboratoire, qui représente un investissement de 90 millions de francs sur cinq ans, se consacrera à la recherche et au développement de vecteurs pour les thérapies génique et cellulaire.  2, record 29, French, - vectorologie

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technological developments have made possible extension of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to individual cells to localize DNA/RNA with non-radioactive labels at the light microscopic level. This approach, In Situ PCR, is particularly useful in resolving low-frequency message expression in mixed populations of cells and tissues. We have established a working protocol for direct In Situ PCR and have utilized several controls to validate our results.  1, record 30, English, - In%20Situ%20PCR

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagnostic en biologie, tout particulièrement en biologie cellulaire, a connu un essor important ces deux dernières décennies grâce à l'apparition de techniques d'hybridation in situ et plus récemment d'amplification génique. La PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in situ, qui résulte de la combinaison de ces deux méthodologies, s'avère être une technique morphologique puissante et innovante pour l'identification de séquences d'acides nucléiques rares au sein de cellules ou de tissus.  1, record 30, French, - PCR%20in%20situ

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technological developments have made possible extension of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to individual cells to localize DNA/RNA with non-radioactive labels at the light microscopic level. This approach, In Situ PCR, is particularly useful in resolving low-frequency message expression in mixed populations of cells and tissues. We have established a working protocol for direct In Situ PCR and have utilized several controls to validate our results.  2, record 31, English, - direct%20In%20Situ%20PCR

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Son principe repose sur l'utilisation de nucléotides pouvant être marqués avec un radio-isotope. Les produits amplifiés sont alors révélés par autoradiographie. Cependant, les contraintes d'utilisation de ces produits marqués ainsi que leur pouvoir de résolution limité leur font souvent préférer les nucléotides froids.  1, record 31, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20directe

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode de révélation est très spécifique et peut être comparée dans son principe au transfert de Southern (Southern blot) qui est, entre autres, employé pour confirmer les résultats obtenus par PCR liquide.  1, record 31, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20directe

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chemiluminescent: Said of a light produced by direct chemical reaction  2, record 32, English, - chemiluminescent%20system

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PCR-Light is a rapid and ultra-sensitive chemiluminescent system for the accurate quantitation of DNA or RNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR-Light uses CSPD high-performance chemiluminescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase and Sapphire-II luminescence enhancer for sensitive detection and quantitation of PCR products.  1, record 32, English, - chemiluminescent%20system

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Les hybrides (homoduplex, hétéroduplex) sont visualisés par une autoradiographie, ou une méthode immunoenzymatique. Des systèmes chimiluminescents ont été récemment utilisés mais ils présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter un équipement coûteux.  1, record 32, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20chimiluminescent

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A dig-labeled hybridization assay was developed for the detection of crown gall disease(Agrobacterium vitis), providing a highly sensitive, specific, and low-cost alternative to polymerase chain reaction assays.  1, record 33, English, - digoxygenin%2Dlabeled%20hybridization%20assay

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'hybridation consiste à mettre en évidence, grâce au marquage, l'appariement d'une molécule d'acide nucléique sonde avec une molécule d'acide nucléique cible dont la séquence est complémentaire. La mise au point de techniques de marquage non radioactif performantes (sondes froides) permet d'envisager une large application de l'hybridation moléculaire pour la détection des agents phytopathogènes.  2, record 33, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20d%27hybridation%20par%20marquage%20%C3%A0%20la%20digoxyg%C3%A9nine

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

De nombreux haptènes ont été employés avec succès pour préparer des sondes non radioactives : biotine, éthidium, N-2-acétyl-aminofluorène (AAF), triphénol, sulfone, digoxygénine ... Après hybridation, la sonde est détectée grâce à une protéine marquée spécifique de cet haptène. [...] Il existe plusieurs schémas réactionnels disponibles pour réaliser un test d'hybridation moléculaire.  2, record 33, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20d%27hybridation%20par%20marquage%20%C3%A0%20la%20digoxyg%C3%A9nine

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method for in vitro homologous recombination of pools of selected mutant genes by random fragmentation and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) reassembly. Computer simulations called genetic algorithms have demonstrated the importance of iterative homologous recombination for sequence evolution.  1, record 34, English, - DNA%20shuffling

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As well as addressing the advantages (or lack thereof) of recombination, DNA shuffling provides a powerful tool for improving enzyme function in vitro.  2, record 34, English, - DNA%20shuffling

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode la plus intéressante du point de vue de l'étude de l'évolution [moléculaire], est celle du DNA shuffling. Dans cette technique, l'ADN d'un gène est tronqué en fragments de 10 à 50 paires de bases, qui sont soumis à des cycles répétés de PCR sans amorce. Les produits PCR résultants sont sélectionnés pour leur expression phénotypique. Ce type d'expérience permet de simuler in vitro l'évolution moléculaire de séquences complexes. En mélangeant l'ADN de deux gênes, la création de chimères recombinantes peut également être envisagée.  1, record 34, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20DNA%20shuffling

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe de la RCPCR : produit d'une IPCR est mélangé avec celui d'une autre IPCR, laquelle est amorcée à une position différente, sur la même matrice d'origine. Après mélange, dénaturation et réhybridation, les plasmides recombinants hétéroduplex sont transformés. Par le même approche, la mutagénèse sur de très grands plasmides peut être envisagée.  1, record 35, French, - RCPCR

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique that can be employed in the determination of an unknown sequence that flank a region of known sequences.  4, record 36, English, - inverted%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The template target sequence is digested with a suitable restriction enzyme that cuts the template outside the known sequence but in the region of the unknown sequence. PCR is carried out using two primers which anneal to the ends of the known sequence but reversed in their direction with respect to their normal orientation in a normal PCR reaction. This leads to the amplification of the region of the unknown sequence.  4, record 36, English, - inverted%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe même de la mutagénèse dirigée par IPCR nécessite la purification préalable des oligonucléotides utilisés. En effet, la présence de formes n-1, n-2 ou n-x même très minoritaire induirait la formation de mutations supplémentaires par délétion de une, deux ou x bases ors de 12 PCR.  1, record 36, French, - PCR%20inverse

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le produit final d'une PCR inverse (amorces tête-bêche) est phosphoryle ligué et transformé.  1, record 36, French, - PCR%20inverse

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish