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POLYNOMIAL TIME [9 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2023-04-14
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Computer Graphics
- Computer Hardware
- Micrographics
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- polynomial time
1, record 1, English, polynomial%20time
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Theoretical computer science regards as feasible those computations that can be performed in polynomial time(i. e. in time polynomial in the length of the input) and as infeasible those requiring, say, exponential time. 2, record 1, English, - polynomial%20time
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Infographie
- Matériel informatique
- Micrographie
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- temps polynômial
1, record 1, French, temps%20polyn%C3%B4mial
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2022-08-03
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Computer Mathematics
- Computer Programs and Programming
- Internet and Telematics
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- network consistency algorithm
1, record 2, English, network%20consistency%20algorithm
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The search for more efficient algorithms, among other things, has led to algorithms that do "intelligent backtracking" and to so-called network consistency algorithms. The latter is a group of polynomial time algorithms which do not necessarily solve the constraint satisfaction problem, but which eliminate all local inconsistencies that cannot participate in a global solution. Network consistency algorithms will generally reduce the overall domain size. This makes them attractive as pre-processors for algorithms such as depth-first backtracking. 2, record 2, English, - network%20consistency%20algorithm
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Mathématiques informatiques
- Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
- Internet et télématique
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- algorithme de consistance de réseau
1, record 2, French, algorithme%20de%20consistance%20de%20r%C3%A9seau
proposal, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2020-10-14
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Mathematics
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- finite domain constraint satisfaction
1, record 3, English, finite%20domain%20constraint%20satisfaction
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Researchers showed] that every constraint satisfaction problem(CSP) where the constraints are preserved by a semi-lattice operation can be solved in polynomial time. This is one of the basic facts for the so-called universal-algebraic approach to a systematic theory of tractability and hardness in finite domain constraint satisfaction. 1, record 3, English, - finite%20domain%20constraint%20satisfaction
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Mathématiques
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- satisfaction de contraintes à domaine fini
1, record 3, French, satisfaction%20de%20contraintes%20%C3%A0%20domaine%20fini
proposal, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Matemáticas
- Inteligencia artificial
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- cumplimiento de restricciones de dominio finito
1, record 3, Spanish, cumplimiento%20de%20restricciones%20de%20dominio%20finito
proposal, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2016-12-30
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Mathematics
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- approximation algorithm
1, record 4, English, approximation%20algorithm
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- approximate algorithm 2, record 4, English, approximate%20algorithm
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An algorithm which produces a feasible solution [but not necessarily an optimal solution]. 3, record 4, English, - approximation%20algorithm
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
An approximate algorithm is a way of dealing with NP-completeness for optimization problems, [although this] technique does not guarantee the best solution. The goal of an approximation algorithm is to come as close as possible to the optimum value in a reasonable amount of time which is at most polynomial time. 4, record 4, English, - approximation%20algorithm
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Mathématiques
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- algorithme d'approximation
1, record 4, French, algorithme%20d%27approximation
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- algorithme approximatif 2, record 4, French, algorithme%20approximatif
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Algorithme qui conduit toujours à une solution réalisable mais pas nécessairement à une solution optimale. 3, record 4, French, - algorithme%20d%27approximation
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les problèmes d'optimisation NP-difficiles ne sont pas tous équivalents en termes "d'approximabilité" : certains [...] peuvent être approximés avec un facteur quelconque, la complexité en temps de l'algorithme d'approximation augmentant lorsque le facteur d'erreur diminue [...] 4, record 4, French, - algorithme%20d%27approximation
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
En informatique théorique, un algorithme d'approximation est une méthode permettant de calculer une solution approchée à un problème algorithmique d'optimisation. Plus précisément, c'est une heuristique garantissant à la qualité de la solution qui fournit un rapport inférieur (si l'on minimise) à une constante, par rapport à la qualité optimale d'une solution, pour toutes les instances possibles du problème. 5, record 4, French, - algorithme%20d%27approximation
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Matemáticas
- Inteligencia artificial
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- algoritmo de aproximación
1, record 4, Spanish, algoritmo%20de%20aproximaci%C3%B3n
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Algoritmo que entrega una solución con una garantía teórica de cercanía al óptimo. 1, record 4, Spanish, - algoritmo%20de%20aproximaci%C3%B3n
Record 5 - internal organization data 2016-05-24
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Signals (Military)
- Air Communications (Air Forces)
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- trapdoor knapsack system 1, record 5, English, trapdoor%20knapsack%20system
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- trapdoor knapsack cryptosystem 1, record 5, English, trapdoor%20knapsack%20cryptosystem
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
I shall describe here two public-key cryptosystems based on NP problems(i. e. nondeterministic, polynomial time problems,) : the trapdoor knapsack system, developed by Merkle and me(i. e. Martin E. Hellman), and the RSA system, developed by Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The first of these cryptosystems is based on a well-known NP problem called the knapsack or subset sum problem [...] 1, record 5, English, - trapdoor%20knapsack%20system
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Transmissions de campagne (Militaire)
- Communications aériennes (Forces aériennes)
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- système à empilement
1, record 5, French, syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20empilement
masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
- cryptosystème à empilement et à gâche 1, record 5, French, cryptosyst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20empilement%20et%20%C3%A0%20g%C3%A2che
masculine noun
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Nous décrirons ici deux cryptosystèmes à clef révélée fondés sur les problèmes NP (c'est-à-dire non résolubles en temps polynomial) : le système à empilement mis au point par Ralph Merkle et moi-même, et le système RSA, dû aux travaux de Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir et Leonard Adleman à l'Institut de technologie du Massachusetts. Le premier de ces cryptosystèmes est fondé sur un problème NP bien connu, concernant la recherche de sous-ensembles de somme donnée d'un ensemble de nombres [...] 1, record 5, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20empilement
Record 5, Key term(s)
- système à empilement et à gâche
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2016-02-29
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Signals (Military)
- Air Communications (Air Forces)
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- knapsack problem 1, record 6, English, knapsack%20problem
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- subset sum problem 1, record 6, English, subset%20sum%20problem
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An NP, [i. e. nondeterministic, polynomial time], problem from which a trapdoor one-way function can be derived. 1, record 6, English, - knapsack%20problem
Record 6, Key term(s)
- knapsack function
- binary knapsack
- knapsack algorithm
- knapsack
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Transmissions de campagne (Militaire)
- Communications aériennes (Forces aériennes)
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- problème d'empilement 1, record 6, French, probl%C3%A8me%20d%27empilement
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Un problème NP [c'est-à-dire non résoluble en temps polynomial,] à partir duquel on peut construire une fonction à sens unique et à gâche. 1, record 6, French, - probl%C3%A8me%20d%27empilement
Record 6, Key term(s)
- algorithme d'empilement
- empilement
- fonction à empilement
- algorithme à empilement
- fonction d'empilement
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 1982-08-27
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Signals (Military)
- Air Communications (Air Forces)
- Analytical Functions (Math.)
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- NP problem 1, record 7, English, NP%20problem
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Problems in the class NP(which stands for nondeterministic, polynomial time) are characterized by the fact that although it is easy to check a nondeterministic, or guessed, solution, it is hard to find a correct solution : As the size n of an NP problem increases, the number of computational steps and hence the time required to check a solution increase in proportion to a polynomial function of n such as [the square of n](...), but all known methods of finding a solution increase in proportion to a more rapidly growing function of n, typically an exponential one(...) 1, record 7, English, - NP%20problem
Record 7, Key term(s)
- class NP
- nondeterministic, polynomial time problem
- NP
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Transmissions de campagne (Militaire)
- Communications aériennes (Forces aériennes)
- Fonctions mathématiques analytiques
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- problème NP 1, record 7, French, probl%C3%A8me%20NP
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les problèmes de classe NP (c'est-à-dire non résolubles en temps polynomial) ont la propriété fondamentale suivante : bien qu'il soit facile de vérifier si une valeur donnée est solution, il est très difficile de les résoudre sans information complémentaire. Quand la «taille» n d'un problème NP augmente, le nombre d'étapes de calcul, et donc le temps requis pour vérifier une solution, croît comme une fonction polynomiale de n, telle [le carré de n] (...); toutes les méthodes connues pour trouver une solution exigent un temps de calcul croissant en fonction de n, beaucoup plus rapidement que toute fonction polynôme; ce temps de calcul croît généralement comme une fonction exponentielle (...) 1, record 7, French, - probl%C3%A8me%20NP
Record 7, Key term(s)
- classe NP
- NP
- problème non résoluble en temps polynomial
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 1982-08-26
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Signals (Military)
- Air Communications (Air Forces)
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- trapdoor 1, record 8, English, trapdoor
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
And for the NP [i. e. nondeterministic, polynomial time] problems on which public-key cryptosystems have been based, it has been possible to build trapdoors into the functions as well. 1, record 8, English, - trapdoor
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Transmissions de campagne (Militaire)
- Communications aériennes (Forces aériennes)
Record 8, Main entry term, French
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une fonction "à sens unique et à gâche" est une fonction (inversible) simple qu'il est pratiquement impossible d'inverser par ordinateur, à moins de posséder une certaine information spécifique élaborée en vue de cette inversion: la gâche. (...) On a pu aussi insérer des "gâches" dans les fonctions fondées sur les problèmes NP [c'est-à-dire non résolubles en temps polynomiaux]. 1, record 8, French, - g%C3%A2che
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 1980-11-19
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Statistics
- Econometrics
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- polynomial function of time 1, record 9, English, polynomial%20function%20of%20time
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Statistique
- Économétrie
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- polynôme fonction du temps
1, record 9, French, polyn%C3%B4me%20fonction%20du%20temps
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
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