TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although capillary absorption is a much quicker process than drying through evaporation, both depend on the pore size(distribution) of the materials.  2, record 1, English, - capillary%20absorption

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans d'autres cas, on s'attachera à vérifier la limitation de la masse volumique (caractéristiques thermiques pour un béton léger) ou l'absorption capillaire (perméabilité à l'eau pour les produits apparents).  1, record 1, French, - absorption%20capillaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Determination of the effective opening size, d_w, FIH. The effective opening size of a geotextile, d_w, is determined by wet sieving quartz sand of known composition using modified sieving equipment. The geotextile functions as a sieve .... The test sample, (diameter 18 cm), is clamped into a sieve frame. The sand, which has a dry weight of 100 g for wovens and a dry weight of 300 g for non-wovens, is then sprinkled onto the sample. The sand is then sprayed continuously with water and sieved for 15 minutes in a modified sieve machine with a vertical amplitude of 3 mm at a frequency of 50 Hz. The sand which passes through the geotextile sample is caught on a paper filter and then analyzed with [different sieves] .... The effective opening size, d_w, is found from the coarsest sand fraction which has passed through the test sample and in which there is still a defined quantity in relation to the original fraction.  4, record 2, English, - effective%20opening%20size

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The third technique for determining the pore size distribution is based upon wet sieving. Again, there are several variations on the basic concept.... The FIH(Franzius Institut Hanover] method determines a parameter known as the "Wet Sieving Effective opening Size"(D_w), which is sometimes considered approximately equivalent to the 90% opening size.... However, as test results obtained by Heerten demonstrate this relationship is neither accurate nor consistent.  3, record 2, English, - effective%20opening%20size

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sur les échantillons géotextiles ont été réalisés: - des essais de traction, - des mesures d'ouverture de filtration [...] Les essais ont montré que les géotextiles avaient conservé leurs propriétés mécaniques (résistance en traction) et hydrauliques (permittivité et ouverture de filtration sur échantillons lavés). Autrement dit, après 20 ans en service, les caractéristiques, utilisées pour les critères de dimensionnement du filtre, restent inchangées.  2, record 2, French, - ouverture%20de%20filtration%20effective

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The distribution of pore volume with respect to pore size; alternatively, it may be defined by the related distribution of pore area with respect to pore size.  2, record 3, English, - pore%20size%20distribution

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] distribution du volume des pores en fonction de la taille des pores; alternativement, elle peut être définie par la distribution de la superficie des pores en fonction de leur taille.  1, record 3, French, - distribution%20de%20la%20taille%20des%20pores

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pore size distribution. There are basically three different techniques for measuring the pore size of geotextiles. Initially, when all geotextiles were woven, the pore size was measured by using a calibrated microscope. In the case of rectangular pores, the size of the pore is taken as the smaller dimension. A grading curve for the pore size distribution can then be drawn on a semi-logarithmic graph(Figure 3. 8), with the percentage of the pores having the size specified, or a smaller size, shown on the vertical axis. The appearance of the pore size distribution graph is rather similar to a particle size distribution graph for a soil.  1, record 4, English, - pore%20size%20distribution

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Texture poreuse des matériaux. (...) Méthodes d'études. Les différents paramètres caractérisant un corps poreux: surface spécifique, porosité, rayon moyen des pores, distribution de la taille des pores, peuvent être déterminés en utilisant parmi de nombreuses méthodes celles qui sont le mieux adaptées: à la forme de l'échantillon, à la dimension de ses pores, à l'état de consolidation, etc.  1, record 4, French, - distribution%20de%20la%20taille%20des%20pores

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Répartition de la dimension des pores:] La porosité d'un géotextile est définie par le rapport entre le volume des vides intérieur de la nappe et son volume total (...) La porosité est à considérer comme une propriété globale qui ne tient pas compte de la forme, de la dimension des pores et de leur répartition.  4, record 4, French, - distribution%20de%20la%20taille%20des%20pores

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grain-size distribution of a graded aggregate filter creates its pore structure which, in turm, controls filtration performance. There are universally accepted criteria for specifying the grain-size distribution of aggregate filters that relate particle size of a graded aggregate to that of the protected soil.... There are no well-established filter criteria for geotextiles.  2, record 5, English, - filter%20criterion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Criterion: Plural: criteria, criterions.  3, record 5, English, - filter%20criterion

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Drainage de parois (...) Le rôle essentiellement hydraulique que remplit le géotextile conduit à le dimensionner d'une part sur la base des débits à collecter et à évacuer et d'autre part en appliquant les critères de filtration en remarquant que le remblai qui recouvre le drain est souvent de faible compacité. Pour ne pas mettre en charge le géotextile, la conduite d'évacuation sera dimensionnée correctement; (...)  1, record 5, French, - crit%C3%A8re%20de%20filtration

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

D'une manière générale, la stricte application des critères de filtration définis par les divers organismes nationaux prend en compte les effets à long terme du colmatage minéral et donc limite les risques de non-fonctionnement des réseaux de drainage.  1, record 5, French, - crit%C3%A8re%20de%20filtration

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retention criterion.... Criteria for granular filters can be found in many text book on soil mechanics.... In these criteria, which have been drawn up on the basis of laboratory tests, a defined grain size is often compared with a pore diameter of the filter. The behaviour of soil material, especially in the case of cohesive soils, is a far too complicated phenomenon to be predicted only from the grain-size distribution. Because of this there is little to be gained by enumerating a large number of sometimes contradictory criteria for both granular and synthetic filter materials.  3, record 6, English, - retention%20criterion

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Since there are three mechanisms through which a geotextile performs the filtration function, there should be three criteria for the relevant geotextile properties: 1. Criterion for minimum permeability ("permeability criterion") ... 2. Criterion for maximum opening size ("retention criterion") ... 3. Criterion for minimum percent open area (wovens) or minimum porosity (nonwovens) ("nonclogging criterion") ....  2, record 6, English, - retention%20criterion

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Criterion: plural: criteria, criterions.  4, record 6, English, - retention%20criterion

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans sa proposition de dimensionnement d'un filtre géotextile de rétention d'un sol meuble, J.P. Giroud exprime la compacité du sol par sa densité relative D_r (...), déterminée par essais de laboratoire, en distinguant entre un sol lâche, moyennement compact et compact. A défaut d'essais de laboratoire, on peut faire in situ une estimation de la compacité du sol à l'aide de tests simples (...) La stabilité de la structure d'un sol dépend, davantage encore que de D_r, du coefficient d'uniformité C_u. Les critères de rétention d'un sol meuble sont définis dans le tableau 57 où le seul paramètre conduisant au choix du géotextile est le diamètre de filtration (...)  1, record 6, French, - crit%C3%A8re%20de%20r%C3%A9tention

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gel entrapment method involves entrapping of the enzymes within the interstitial spaces of crosslinked water insoluble polymer gels.... The usual method of gel formation is to polymerize acrylamide in an aqueous solution of the soluble enzyme and a crosslinking agent such as N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide). The resulting gel block can be mechanically dispersed into particles of desired size. The broad distribution of pore size of the gel inevitably results in leakage of the entrapped enzyme even after prolonged washing whilst the generation of free radicals in the course of the reaction may affect the activity of the entrapped enzymes.  1, record 7, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "entrapment".  2, record 7, English, - gel%20entrapment

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes sont en général immobilisées soit par fixation covalente sur un support membranaire, soit par utilisation d'un agent de pontage qui provoque la réticulation des molécules de protéine active ou la coréticulation de l'enzyme avec une protéine inerte. Les techniques d'inclusion dans un gel ou de confinement d'enzymes en solution sont progressivement remplacées pas les méthodes chimiques d'immobilisation. Les capteurs sont le plus souvent de type électrochimique.  1, record 7, French, - inclusion%20dans%20un%20gel

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish