TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An AI [artificial intelligence] strategy that allows a system to try one plan after another as unacceptable outcomes are identified.  3, record 1, English, - backtracking%20strategy

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Backtracking up the tree to determine the true cost of the path to the present position is sometimes necessary.  4, record 1, English, - backtracking%20strategy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stratégie de recherche par graphe qui consiste à revenir sur le parcours de raisonnement par exemple, lorsqu'une impasse ou un échec vient d'être enregistré.  3, record 1, French, - strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20retour%20arri%C3%A8re

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A game tree is a representation of the possibilities of two players in a game, like chess. At the top of the tree is the current game position, and each arc out represents a legal move for the first player. In turn, these lead to new positions and new outgoing arcs that are the legal moves for the second player. These arcs and positions can continue until each sequence leads to the end of the game.  2, record 3, English, - game%20tree

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As is usual for game trees, the tree is drawn inverted with the root at the top. In the tree every node has as its immediate descendants - its offspring nodes - all the nodes which are reachable in one legal node.  3, record 3, English, - game%20tree

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un árbol de juego es una representación gráfica que muestra una situación estratégica como una secuencia de movimientos, más que como una lista de opciones de pago simultáneas como en una matriz de pagos. En este, los nodos representan puntos de decisión para los jugadores, mientras que las ramas emergentes de cada nodo representan las posibles acciones disponibles. El final de cada rama, conocido como nodo terminal, se asocia con un resultado específico o pago para cada jugador.  1, record 3, Spanish, - %C3%A1rbol%20de%20juego

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fossil forest is a group of preserved tree stumps found in or near their growth position.  2, record 4, English, - fossil%20forest

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À l'été 1985, on a découvert, sur la côte orientale de l'île Axel Heiberg, des alignements de grosses souches d'arbres momifiés [...]. Ces souches ont depuis été datées et remontent à plus de 45 millions d'années, la preuve que le Grand Nord était à cette époque beaucoup plus chaud et plus humide qu'aujourd’hui. Cette forêt fossile n'est pas pétrifiée; elle contient donc toujours l'intégralité de la matière organique d'origine, permettant d'avoir un aperçu unique sur un ancien écosystème.  2, record 4, French, - for%C3%AAt%20fossile

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Madame Louise de Kiriline and Yvonne Leroux, the nurses, have helped Mrs Dionne decorate the hospital and the Christmas tree was in position this morning when Papa Oliva Dionne drudged over the snow from his home 100 yards away to give everything the once over.  1, record 5, English, - once%20over

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une chose faite hâtivement : toilette sommaire, courte visite.  1, record 5, French, - coup%20d%27%26oelig%3Bil%20%C3%A0%20la%20h%C3%A2te

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An X.500 concept for the unique name of an object derived from its location in the Directory Information Tree.  3, record 6, English, - distinguished%20name

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Describes an MO's [managed object's] position on a naming tree as a sequence of relative distinguished names(RDNs). Each member of the sequence represents a level on the tree. In the SDH model the name binding may also have semantic significance.  4, record 6, English, - distinguished%20name

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Object-oriented programming.  5, record 6, English, - distinguished%20name

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La position d'un MO [objet de gestion] sur un arbre de dénomination sous la forme d'une suite de noms distincts relatifs (RDN), chaque élément de cette suite représentant un niveau de l'arbre.  4, record 6, French, - nom%20distinctif

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In grafting, the name given to the piece that occupies the position between the root and the top in a double-worked tree.  3, record 7, English, - interstock

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Utilisé pour le greffage des arbres fruitiers.  3, record 7, French, - interm%C3%A9diaire

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Injertos dobles: Es la combinación posible que se puede realizar entre dos clones de plantas en un arreglo o disposición vertical. Esto supone la inserción de un clon entre patrón y el injerto. Esta inserción permitirá el desarrollo de una planta con tres tipos de especies vegetales, a esta porción entre injerto y patrón se le conoce como patrón intermedio.  1, record 7, Spanish, - patr%C3%B3n%20intermedio

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The KBL is equipped with a cable-driven, impact delimbing carriage which is capable of removing large limbs. [M.P. Folkema and P. Giguère, The Koehring Bunch Limber: Longer-Term Data Collection from Two Operations, April 1981, p. 14]  1, record 8, English, - delimbing%20carriage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The operator places the tree in position and activates the limbing carriage which travels the 50’ rail in approximately 5 seconds. [Koehring Canada Ltd, Koehring Bunch Limber]  1, record 8, English, - delimbing%20carriage

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Châssis mobile supportant les couteaux ébrancheurs et le mécanisme d'écimage et se déplaçant sur la flèche d'ébranchage le long du tronc de l'arbre.  1, record 8, French, - chariot%20d%27%C3%A9branchage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «charriot».  2, record 8, French, - chariot%20d%27%C3%A9branchage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

charriot : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  3, record 8, French, - chariot%20d%27%C3%A9branchage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of arranging veneer faces such that each face is in order relative to its original position in the tree and, therefore, contains features of grain and figure similar to adjacent faces. Three or more such related faces are required to constitute a sequence.  1, record 9, English, - sequence%20match

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sequence match: term and definition reproduced with the permission of the copyright holder, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. However, CSA International shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This CSA International material may not have been updated to reflect amendments subsequently made to the original content. For further information, contact CSA International.  2, record 9, English, - sequence%20match

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalents établis en accord avec M. Reynald Binette du Centre spécialisé du meuble et du bois ouvré (CSMBO) de Victoriaville.  1, record 9, French, - raccord%20%C3%A0%20fil%20r%C3%A9gulier

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Supporting plants with stakes against wind-rocking and (as with e.g. cuttings) in order to promote straight growth.  2, record 10, English, - staking

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Staking and Guying. Most shrubs and many trees installed in landscapes do not require support from stakes or guy wires following planting. Their trunks are strong enough to hold them upright and they are relatively small so wind will not blow them over. There are 3 reasons to stake or install guy wires on plants : 1) to protect the tree from mechanical injury; 2) to support the trunk in an upright position and 3) to anchor the tree to stabilize it against wind. Determine why staking or guying is necessary before choosing materials.  3, record 10, English, - staking

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "guying."  4, record 10, English, - staking

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tuteurage. a) Le tuteur. Avant la mise en place de l'arbre, nous avons enfoncé un tuteur, pieu de châtaignier, de chêne ou d'acacia de 5 à 8 cm de diamètre qui doit avoir 2 mètres hors sol et 0,50 m en sol dur. [...] b) Les attaches et ligatures. Elles doivent être solides tout en étant souples et éviter toute meurtrissure de l'écorce par frottements intempestifs. Plaçons-en deux sur la hauteur du tronc afin d'obtenir une bonne tenue, ceci selon plusieurs techniques possibles : [...] soit avec un collier métallique garni de caoutchouc mousse, plus moderne et plus pratique que le collier métallique garni de paille tressée.  2, record 10, French, - tuteurage

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir la fiche «haubanage».  3, record 10, French, - tuteurage

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tree that has escaped logging, wind throw, or fire, and currently occupies a dominant position in the stand.  1, record 11, English, - hold%2Dover

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Arbre qui a subsisté aux coupes forestières ou aux dommages causés notamment par le vent ou le feu et qui occupe par conséquent une position dominante dans un peuplement.  2, record 11, French, - survivant

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Successful tree planting begins in the tree nursery with bimonthly cultivating, pruning of roots, and fertilization. This is essential to assure healthy trees and compact root structure. Planting holes for bare-root trees should be large enough to receive roots when they are spread in a natural position. Planting holes for balled and burlapped trees should be 2 feet wider than the root ball. Ideally, holes should be as wide and deep as can conveniently be made, so that the tree can be placed at the same levels as it originally grew in the nursery.  2, record 12, English, - tree%20planting

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plantation d'arbres. Les trous de plantation seront ouverts plusieurs semaines à l'avance si possible puis rebouchés (terre végétale d'apport en mauvais terrain) après avoir ameubli le fond et placé un tuteur enfoncé dans le sol ferme. L'importance de chaque excavation doit être de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mètres cubes suivant l'état du terrain et la nature du sujet prévu à cet endroit. En mauvais sol (plantation avec apport de terre), il faut prévoir 3 à 5 mètres cubes par arbre. La profondeur du trou de préparation se situe entre 1 mètre et 1,20 m. Lors de la plantation, on ouvrira juste le trou nécessaire à la mise en place du sujet.  3, record 12, French, - plantation%20d%27arbres

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The operating cycle of the Caterpillar 950 Tree Harvester begins as the machine approaches tree with felling and processing head in the vertical position with grapple arms open(Canadian Forest Industries, July 1972, p. 28).  1, record 13, English, - felling%2Dlimbing%20head

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The harvesting head basically consists of : a scissor-type hydraulic shear capable of felling trees up to 17 in (43 cm) at the butt; ...; a scissor-type topping shear with an 8-inch (20 cm) capacity (E. Heidersdorf, Evaluation of Lajoie "Fibre-Flow" Harvester Head, April 1976, p. 1).  1, record 13, English, - felling%2Dlimbing%20head

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tête d'abattage montée en bout de flèche et intégrant à la fois l'outil de coupe et les mécanismes d'ébranchage et d'écimage.  1, record 13, French, - t%C3%AAte%20d%27abattage%2D%C3%A9branchage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A game tree in which the top node represents the starting position and the shape or color of the node represents the player whose turn is associated with the node.  1, record 14, English, - explicit%20game%20tree

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir arbre de jeu.  1, record 14, French, - arbre%20de%20jeu%20explicite

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another search procedure that can be used to operate on game trees is called the alpha-beta or backward pruning procedure. Compared to depth-first minimax, the pruning possible with this process can reduce the number of computations by several orders of magnitude. It combines the tree generation and position evaluation procedures. One advantage is that if one finds the best path in the initial branch generation and evaluation, it is not necessary to generate and evaluate the reminder of the tree.  1, record 15, English, - backward%20pruning%20procedure

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alpha-bêta : en théorie des jeux et en résolution de problèmes, procédure mettant en présence deux variables (alpha et bêta) qui permettent d'élaguer la recherche tout en cherchant la solution optimale.  1, record 15, French, - proc%C3%A9dure%20d%27%C3%A9lagage%20alpha%2Db%C3%AAta

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Search procedure combining the minimax backup and depth-first generation procedures. The first step is to generate the left most section of the tree and evaluate the last or some intermediate position; the next position is then generated and evaluated. These numbers are then backed up, and the process continues until the values of the positions associated with the next move can be determined.  1, record 16, English, - depth%2Dfirst%20minimax%20search

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir minimax, profondeur d'abord.  1, record 16, French, - minimax%20profondeur%20d%27abord

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure for generating game trees which generally works in a left to right manner by first generating all successive positions on the left side of the tree through the termination of the graph or to some intermediate position.  1, record 17, English, - depth%2Dfirst%20generation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir génération largeur d'abord.  1, record 17, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration%20profondeur%20d%27abord

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Log quality is measured by the volume and quality of the potential lumber yield. External characteristics of the log such as diameter, surface indicators, and position in the tree(butt logs or uppers), are used to estimate potential lumber quality. To obtain the maximum yield from top-grade logs, it is best to saw them in a mill with a standard headrig and carriage, which is the first machine in a sawmill to start the breakdown of logs into lumber products.  2, record 18, English, - log%20yield

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tree is then trimmed down into the delimbing position, lying horizontally over the delimbing boom(Information Bulletin, 1974).  1, record 19, English, - delimbing%20boom

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Flèche télescopique ou coulissante, supportant un chariot d'ébranchage ou des couteaux ébrancheurs et une pince, dont le mouvement rectiligne de va-et-vient permet le sectionnement des branches.  1, record 19, French, - fl%C3%A8che%20d%27%C3%A9branchage

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette machine possédait un panier de chaque côté de la flèche d'ébranchage, ce qui permettait au conducteur d'accumuler dans un de ces paniers les grumes destinées au sciage et dans l'autre celle destinées à la pâte (P. Giguère, Evaluation de la tronçonneuse Tanguay CC-100, octobre 1979, p. 4).  1, record 19, French, - fl%C3%A8che%20d%27%C3%A9branchage

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Direct-drive delimbers usually hold the tree in a stationary position while the delimbing knives travel along the length of the tree stem(M. P. Folkema, Delimbing : Problems and Prospects, September 1979, p. 7).  1, record 20, English, - direct%2Ddrive%20delimber

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ébrancheuse qui retient l'arbre dans une position fixe pendant que le mécanisme d'ébranchage se déplace le long du tronc.  1, record 20, French, - %C3%A9brancheuse%20%C3%A0%20t%C3%AAte%20mobile

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les ébrancheuses à tête mobile conviennent davantage dans des conditions difficiles d'ébranchage, puisque le tronc est alors solidement maintenu.  1, record 20, French, - %C3%A9brancheuse%20%C3%A0%20t%C3%AAte%20mobile

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To reduce the loss of lumber due to butt compression with shears, (the company) now offers a 24-inch rotary cutter attachment for the popular Feller Buncher (Canadian Forest Industries, November 1977, p. 2).  1, record 21, English, - auger%20type%20felling%20head

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Position of Trees in Auger Head-The tree to be cut should be held on the left side of the head, relative to the operator, to avoid problems(M. P. Folkema, The Drott Rotary Cutter Feller Buncher : Longer-Term Data Collection from two Operations, June 1979, p. 16).  1, record 21, English, - auger%20type%20felling%20head

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tête d'abattage dont l'outil de coupe est une fraise.  1, record 21, French, - t%C3%AAte%20d%27abattage%20%C3%A0%20fraise

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La tête d'abattage à fraise comporte un vérin hydraulique qui fait pivoter la fraise dans un plan horizontal.  1, record 21, French, - t%C3%AAte%20d%27abattage%20%C3%A0%20fraise

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish