TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The vitreoretinal interface is involved in a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders and separation of the posterior vitreous face from the retinal surface is an essential part of vitrectomy surgeries. A diverse range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic agents are being studied as an adjunct before or during vitrectomy to facilitate the induction of posterior vitreous detachment.... Agents used for pharmacologic vitreolysis can be categorized as "enzymatic" or "nonenzymatic" according to their mechanism of action. The majority of proposed agents for pharmacologic vitreolysis are enzymes which include but are not limited to tissue plasminogen activator(tPA), plasmin, microplasmin, nattokinase, chondroitinase, dispase, and hyaluronidase. Nonenzymatic agents used for induction of PVD [posterior vitreous detachment] include urea/vitreosolve and arginine-glycine-aspartate peptides.  2, record 1, English, - pharmacologic%20vitreolysis

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vitréolyse pharmacologique fait référence à la capacité d'altération de l'organisation moléculaire du vitré pour obtenir l'induction d'un décollement postérieur du vitré (DPV) et sa liquéfaction. Ainsi, de nombreux agents pharmacologiques ont été étudiés afin de faciliter un geste chirurgical et de réduire les complications de la vitrectomie. L'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène, la plasmine, ainsi que la microplasmine et l'hyaluronidase ont montré une capacité d'induire le DPV lors d'une administration en une seule injection IVT [intravitréenne], dans des études expérimentales et humaines.  1, record 1, French, - vitr%C3%A9olyse%20pharmacologique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several enzymes have been suggested as adjunctive therapy to vitreoretinal surgery or its replacement, including chondroitinase, hyaluronidase, dispase and plasmin enzyme... The goal of enzymatic vitreolysis is to manipulate the vitreous collagen pharmacologically, achieving liquefaction(synchisis) both centrally as well as along the vitreoretinal interface to induce posterior vitreous detachment(PVD, syneresis) and to create a cleavage plane more safely and cleaner than can currently be achieved by mechanical means...  2, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20vitreolysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enzymatic vitreolyses: plural.  3, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20vitreolysis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vitréolyse enzymatique est le véritable serpent de mer de la vitrectomie mais son développement continue à progresser. Le principe est de réaliser une injection intra-vitréenne d'un enzyme provoquant la lyse de la jonction vitréo-rétinienne, éventuellement la liquéfaction du vitré. Cela permettrait de traiter simplement toutes les pathologies de l'interface vitréo-maculaire pour lesquelles une mauvaise séparation ou une traction est un mécanisme pathogénique probable : le trou maculaire, [par exemple.]  2, record 2, French, - vitr%C3%A9olyse%20enzymatique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A recombinant protease with activity against components of the interface between the retina and the vitreous humour, used for treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion.  3, record 3, English, - ocriplasmin

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vitreomacular adhesion can lead to pathologic traction and macular hole. The standard treatment for severe, symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion is vitrectomy. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease with activity against fibronectin and laminin, components of the vitreoretinal interface.  4, record 3, English, - ocriplasmin

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ocriplasmin] works by dissolving the proteins that link the vitreous to the macula in this condition, thus preventing posterior detachment of the vitreous from the retina.  3, record 3, English, - ocriplasmin

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ocriplasmine (ou microplasmine) est une forme tronquée de la plasmine. Elle possède une activité protéolytique contre la fibronectine et la laminine, deux composants de l'interface vitréo-rétinienne. Des études précliniques et cliniques ont suggéré que l'ocriplasmine pouvait induire une liquéfaction du vitré et favoriser un DPV [décollement postérieur du vitré] [...]  1, record 3, French, - ocriplasmine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pharmacologic vitreolysis that uses non-enzymatic agents, such as urea and arginine-glycine-aspartate peptides, to induce posterior vitreous detachment.  3, record 4, English, - non%2Denzymatic%20vitreolysis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Vitréolyse pharmacologique employant des agents non enzymatiques pour induire un décollement postérieur du vitré.  1, record 4, French, - vitr%C3%A9olyse%20non%20enzymatique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An [artificial] lens placed in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye to substitute for the lens removed in cataract extraction.  3, record 5, English, - intraocular%20lens

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intraocular lens; IOL; intraocular implant; intraocular lens implant; IOL implant: designations usually used in the plural.  5, record 5, English, - intraocular%20lens

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement chirurgical. C'est le seul traitement efficace de la cataracte. Il consiste en l'ablation du cristallin et son remplacement par un cristallin artificiel (implant cristallinien); l'indication opératoire est posée en fonction de la gêne visuelle du patient et peut être variable d'un sujet à l'autre.  5, record 5, French, - lentille%20intraoculaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lentille intraoculaire; implant intraoculaire; cristallin artificiel; implant cristallinien : désignations habituellement employées au pluriel.  6, record 5, French, - lentille%20intraoculaire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Visualization can be one of the most challenging aspects of vitreoretinal surgery. When standard methods provide poor posterior visualization, the adjunctive skill set of performing endoscopic vitrectomy may be needed. During endoscopic vitrectomy, an endoscopic probe with a video camera, light source, and endolaser is inserted into the eye, allowing direct visualization of the posterior segment so the surgeon can see to operate.  2, record 6, English, - endoscopic%20vitrectomy

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Endoscopic vitrectomy dramatically improves the ability to perform a thorough removal of vitreous and residual debris. Endoscopy provides increased capacity to see not only posterior-segment structures that are normally visible with wide-angle visualization systems but also the pars plana, ciliary body, and anterior vitreous base with membrane formation...  3, record 6, English, - endoscopic%20vitrectomy

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chirurgie oculaire qui consiste à retirer le corps vitré situé derrière le cristallin et qui emploie un endoscope.  2, record 6, French, - vitrectomie%20endoscopique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The surgical objective of macular hole surgery is two-fold. First, surgery intends to relieve tractional forces; second, it activates reparative healing mechanisms.  3, record 7, English, - macular%20hole%20surgery

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Since the technique introduced by Kelly and Wendel, MH surgery has been... based on extensive vitrectomy with PVD [posterior vitreous detachment], peeling of any EMM [epimacular membrane], thorough fluid-gas exchange, and postoperative face-down positioning of the patient.  4, record 7, English, - macular%20hole%20surgery

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chirurgie du trou maculaire [...] est effectuée grâce au système transconjonctival 23 ou 25 gauges, ce qui permet d'améliorer le confort du patient tout en réduisant le temps chirurgical. La procédure chirurgicale combine une vitrectomie la plus complète possible, un échange fluide-gaz, le pelage de toute membrane épirétinienne, et un pelage de la membrane limitante associé à un positionnement post-opératoire si le diamètre du trou dépasse 400 microns.  3, record 7, French, - chirurgie%20du%20trou%20maculaire

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The creation of a posterior vitreous detachment is critical in pars plana vitrectomy for most macular vitreoretinal interface disorders and retinal detachments. However, PVD induction can be a challenging surgical step in young patients as well as in older patients with particularly adherent posterior hyaloid or abnormal vitreoretinal interface. Failure to successfully induce PVD [posterior vitreous detachment] can result in poor surgical outcomes such as persistent macular holes and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.  4, record 8, English, - posterior%20vitreous%20detachment%20induction

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique employée dans le traitement de pathologies de l'interface vitréorétinienne.  2, record 8, French, - induction%20d%27un%20d%C3%A9collement%20post%C3%A9rieur%20du%20vitr%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... macular buckling surgery... involves positioning a scleral sponge at the posterior aspect of the globe behind the macula along the [six] o’clock to [twelve] o’clock meridian. An intraoperative B-scan is required for exact placement of the macular buckle. Though this procedure is highly successful, its complexity has prevented it from gaining much popularity.  3, record 9, English, - macular%20buckling%20surgery

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une [...] approche proposée [pour traiter la fossette colobomateuse] est l'indention sclérale maculaire. Cette procédure consiste à placer une éponge sclérale au pôle postérieur pour limiter la migration du liquide intrarétinien et diminuer les tractions du vitré sur la rétine juxta-papillaire. Les résultats anatomiques et visuels sont excellents avec un taux de résolution complète du liquide dans environ 85 % des cas, associée à une amélioration significative de l'AV [acuité visuelle].  1, record 9, French, - indentation%20scl%C3%A9rale%20maculaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) is a commonly employed technique in vitreoretinal surgery that enables access to the posterior segment for treating conditions such as retinal detachments, vitreous hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, and macular holes in a controlled, closed system. The procedure derives its name from the fact that vitreous is removed(i. e., vitreous + ectomy=removal of vitreous) and the instruments are introduced into the eye through the pars plana.  1, record 10, English, - pars%20plana%20vitrectomy

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vitrectomie : Opération de microchirurgie oculaire qui consiste à retirer le corps vitré situé derrière le cristallin.  3, record 10, French, - vitrectomie%20par%20la%20pars%20plana

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some authors suggest the removal of any glial tissue overlying(or adjacent to) the optic pit. One study looked at nine patients undergoing PPV [pars plana vitrectomy], PVD [posterior vitreous detachment] induction, laser photocoagulation and gas tamponade. Serous maculopathy resolved in six out of six patients in which the glial tissue surrounding the optic pit was removed.... Though glial tissue peeling has proven beneficial in a limited group of studies, precaution must be taken when performing this procedure due to the glial tissue's close proximity to the optic nerve.  2, record 11, English, - glial%20tissue%20peeling

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ablation de tissu de la rétine.  1, record 11, French, - pelage%20du%20tissu%20glial

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vitrectomy is a microsurgical procedure that lasts [one to three] hours and requires a skilled retinal surgeon. It is performed using a vitreotome(vitrector). These devices, which incorporate a micromotor, terminate in a needlelike tube that contains a cutting mechanism for severing abnormal adhesions and cutting obstructive tissue into small pieces. In addition, the vitreotome has auxiliary connections for the aspiration of vitreous, debris, or blood from the posterior segment.  3, record 12, English, - vitreotome

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument permettant à la fois de couper et d'aspirer le vitré pour réaliser une vitrectomie.  2, record 12, French, - vitr%C3%A9otome

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vitrectomy was scheduled after explaining the pros and cons of the procedure to the patient, who then agreed to undergo the procedure. The vitreous body was removed under retrobulbar anesthesia through a standard three-channel 23G [gauge] or 25G high-speed vitreous cutting head and optical fiber via pars plana of the ciliary body. Triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the vitreous cavity, the remaining posterior vitreous cortex was stained and removed. Using 23G or 25G intraocular forceps, the edge of ERM [epiretinal membrane] was clamped, and centripetal peeling was performed along the retina surface to minimize the risk of surgically induced MH [macular hole].  2, record 13, English, - intraocular%20forceps

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pince : En chirurgie, instrument composé de deux branches pouvant prendre des objets, des tissus ou des organes à la place de la préhension naturelle par les doigts, en raison de sa supériorité par sa finesse, sa longueur, sa précision, sa robustesse, etc.  2, record 13, French, - pince%20intraoculaire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Macular surgery often requires high image resolution than is provided by the [wide-angle viewing systems]. In such a scenario, a macular lens is preferred to increase the magnification of the posterior pole for more delicate and precise surgical maneuvers, such as internal limiting membrane(ILM) and ERM [epiretinal membrane] dissection. These lenses provide a much smaller field of view, limiting their use to primarily posterior pole surgery. The view provided through these lenses is direct, thus inversion is not necessary. Most are contact lenses and require either a coupling agent or a handheld irrigation system... Lenses come in disposable and nondisposable forms.  1, record 14, English, - macular%20lens

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flat lens: ... a lens with minimal curvature across its surface.  2, record 14, English, - macular%20lens

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

macular lens: designation usually used in the plural.  3, record 14, English, - macular%20lens

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lentille oculaire à courbure minimale employée pendant une chirugie maculaire.  1, record 14, French, - lentille%20maculaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Color fundus photography is conventionally used to document the location, color, size and appearance of [fundus] lesions ...  5, record 15, English, - colour%20fundus%20photography

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Color fundus photography is a useful tool for managing diabetic eye disease. Color photos can be used to document DR [diabetic retinopathy], and many clinicians find photography useful for counseling patients and explaining pathology to them.  6, record 15, English, - colour%20fundus%20photography

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fundus : The internal posterior segment of the eye that includes the retina, macula, optic disc, fovea and blood vessels.  7, record 15, English, - colour%20fundus%20photography

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Complication oculaire du diabète de type 1 et de type 2, la rétinopathie diabétique est une maladie évolutive dans laquelle l'hyperglycémie chronique provoque des lésions vasculaires périphériques de la rétine [ou] de la macula. Elle porte généralement sur les deux yeux. La photographie en couleurs du fond d'œil est aujourd'hui la méthode de référence pour dépister la rétinopathie diabétique [...]  1, record 15, French, - photographie%20en%20couleurs%20du%20fond%20d%27%26oelig%3Bil

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fond d'œil; fond de l'œil : Partie postérieure de l'œil comprenant la rétine, la macula, la papille optique, la fovea ainsi que des vaisseaux sanguins.  3, record 15, French, - photographie%20en%20couleurs%20du%20fond%20d%27%26oelig%3Bil

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... fundus autofluorescence(FAF) imaging, which detects autofluorescent material, i. e., lipofuscin, in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE). Fluorophores detectable with this imaging method may also occur anterior or posterior to the RPE cell monolayer. Excessive lipofuscin accumulation in the RPE is a common downstream pathogenic pathway in various monogenetic and complex retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration. The accumulated lipofuscin produces a signal that is captured in the FAF image allowing in vivo mapping of metabolic changes in the RPE.  6, record 16, English, - fundus%20autofluorescence%20imaging

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique permettant d'obtenir des images qui révèlent une accumulation de lipofuscine sur l'épithélium pigmentaire rétinien.  4, record 16, French, - imagerie%20en%20autofluorescence%20du%20fond%20d%27%26oelig%3Bil

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Advantages of direct ophthalmoscopy have traditionally included... a 15× magnified view of the posterior pole that facilitates appreciation of small, dynamic changes of the ocular fundus, such as venous pulsations and circulatory changes[, and] wide availability and portability—the direct ophthalmoscope is easily carried in the pocket of a clinician's coat and can be used in settings where other methods of ocular fundus examination are unavailable...  4, record 17, English, - direct%20ophthalmoscopy

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ophtalmoscopie directe. L'examen direct des structures du fond d'œil à l'aide d'un ophtalmoscope peut révéler une maladie de l'œil lui-même ou une anomalie liée à une pathologie ailleurs dans le corps (par exemple : diabète, hypertension systémique, pression intracrânienne élevée). Le principal avantage de l'ophtalmoscopie directe est qu'elle peut être utilisée au lit du patient. L'image obtenue est considérablement agrandie (15 fois la taille normale) [...]  2, record 17, French, - ophtalmoscopie%20directe

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ophthalmic sonography utilizes sound waves emitted from a transducer which is reflected or absorbed by the anatomy of the eye. The electrical signal is then relayed back to the computer and converted to an image. Sonography can be used to evaluate both the anterior and posterior aspects of the globe.  3, record 18, English, - ophthalmic%20ultrasound

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'échographie oculaire se distingue des autres types d'échographie médicale par les fréquences élevées qu'elle nécessite pour l'observation des petites structures propres à l'anatomie oculaire.  4, record 18, French, - %C3%A9chographie%20oculaire

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars.  2, record 19, English, - posterior%20tooth

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

posterior tooth : The English and Latin designations are found in the plural(posterior teeth, dentes posteriores) in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 19, English, - posterior%20tooth

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les vingt [...] dents positionnées vers l'arrière de la bouche sont dites postérieures. Elles ont une surface qui permet de mastiquer, d'écraser la nourriture.  1, record 19, French, - dent%20post%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dent postérieure : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 19, French, - dent%20post%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

dent postérieure : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 19, French, - dent%20post%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La désignation latine se trouve au pluriel (dentes posteriores) dans la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 19, French, - dent%20post%C3%A9rieure

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Premolares y molares superiores e inferiores.  1, record 19, Spanish, - dientes%20posteriores

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En la primera dentición, todos los dientes posteriores son molares.  1, record 19, Spanish, - dientes%20posteriores

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The submandibular gland is the second largest salivary gland(only the parotid gland is larger). The submandibular gland is in the posterior portion of the submandibular triangle, formed by the body of the mandible superiorly, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle medially, and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle inferiorly and laterally.  3, record 20, English, - submandibular%20gland

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

submandibular gland; glandula submandibularis: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 20, English, - submandibular%20gland

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La glande submandibulaire (anciennement glande sous-maxillaire) est la deuxième plus grosse glande [salivaire] principale, pesant de 7 à 16 g, située dans le triangle submandibulaire dans la région supra-hyoïdienne latérale. Les limites de ce triangle sont constituées par le bord inférieur de la mandibule en haut, le ventre antérieur et le ventre postérieur du muscle digastrique en bas, réunis par le tendon intermédiaire inséré à la petite corne de l'os hyoïde en dessous du tendon du muscle stylohyoïdien.  1, record 20, French, - glande%20submandibulaire

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glande submandibulaire : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 20, French, - glande%20submandibulaire

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

glandula submandibularis : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 20, French, - glande%20submandibulaire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This posterior reverberation type of artifact occurs when there is a marked difference in acoustic impedances between an object and the surrounding tissues.  5, record 21, English, - comet%2Dtail%20artifact

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit d'un type spécifique d'artefact de réverbération, apparaissant comme une série de bandes hyperéchogènes linéaires convergentes.  2, record 21, French, - artefact%20en%20queue%20de%20com%C3%A8te

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Posterior enhancement [artifacts] may occur when imaging fluid-filled structures(like the gall bladder or urinary bladder). More ultrasound waves will penetrate the fluid-filled structure, and a white enhancement area will appear behind it...  7, record 22, English, - acoustic%20enhancement%20artifact

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les renforcements postérieurs apparaissent quand la structure est moins atténuante que les régions voisines; dans ce cas (structures liquidiennes), les échos émis en arrière de cette structure paraîtront plus intenses.  3, record 22, French, - renforcement%20post%C3%A9rieur

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[El] refuerzo o realce acústico posterior [se] produce cuando el ultrasonido atraviesa un medio sin interfaces en su interior y pasa a un medio sólido ecogénico que da el realce.  1, record 22, Spanish, - refuerzo%20ac%C3%BAstico%20posterior

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Central areolar choroidal dystrophy(CACD) is a hereditary retinal disorder that primarily affects the macula. In the early stages, there is subtle, mottled depigmentation in the posterior pole. Ultimately, the depigmentation enlarges into in a well-circumscribed round or oval area of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) and choriocapillaris in the center of the macula. Patients usually become symptomatic in the [third] to [fourth] decade when a fine, hardly detectable, mottling of the RPE leads to the development of absolute central visual scotomas. Later, between the [fourth] and [seventh] decade of life, progressive macular atrophy leads to a dramatic decline in central visual acuity and severe visual disability. CACD may be autosomal dominant or recessive; however, autosomal-recessive cases are rare. Although CACD has a genetic basis, sporadic cases have been reported.  3, record 23, English, - central%20areolar%20choroidal%20dystrophy

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Atrophie aréolaire centrale maculaire héréditaire et primitive aux bords nets avec quelques petites taches jaunâtres ressemblant à des druses autour de la lésion ou au pôle postérieur.  1, record 23, French, - dystrophie%20choro%C3%AFdienne%20ar%C3%A9olaire%20centrale

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cross-entropy method(CEM) is a probabilistic optimization technique that iteratively fits an initial distribution to elite samples. The method uses importance sampling, which introduces a proposal distribution over rare events to sample from then re-weights the posterior likelihood by the likelihood ratio of the true distribution... over the proposal distribution. The idea is to artificially make failure events less rare under the newly fit proposal distribution.  4, record 24, English, - cross%2Dentropy%20method

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode de l'entropie croisée est une méthode générique récente d'estimation d'événements rares, adaptable à des problèmes d'optimisation. Elle se base sur un algorithme probabiliste dans lequel des densités de probabilités évoluent pour converger vers une densité fournissant un ensemble contenant la ou les solutions optimales. Cette méthode utilise donc une population de solutions à chaque itération, population générée selon des densités de probabilité.  2, record 24, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27entropie%20crois%C3%A9e

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A transverse ridge on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone; it is anterior to the sella turcica, posterior to the prechiasmatic sulcus, and between the anterior clinoid processes.  1, record 25, English, - tuberculum%20of%20sella%20turcica

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tuberculum of sella turcica; tuberculum sellae: designations derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 25, English, - tuberculum%20of%20sella%20turcica

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.05.007: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 25, English, - tuberculum%20of%20sella%20turcica

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tubercule de la selle turcique; tubercule de la selle : désignations dérivées de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 25, French, - tubercule%20de%20la%20selle%20turcique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.05.007 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 25, French, - tubercule%20de%20la%20selle%20turcique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tubérculo de la silla: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 25, Spanish, - tub%C3%A9rculo%20de%20la%20silla

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.05.007: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 25, Spanish, - tub%C3%A9rculo%20de%20la%20silla

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rounded mass forming part of the hemisphere of the cerebellum, continuous with the uvula vermis in the posterior lobe...  5, record 26, English, - tonsil%20of%20cerebellum

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tonsil of cerebellum: designation from the Terminologia Anatomica.  6, record 26, English, - tonsil%20of%20cerebellum

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tonsilla cerebelli: designation from the Terminologia Anatomica.  6, record 26, English, - tonsil%20of%20cerebellum

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lobule du cervelet faisant saillie de chaque côté de la partie antérieure du vermis inférieur et formant la partie la plus déclive du lobe latéral.  3, record 26, French, - tonsille%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9belleuse

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tonsille cérébelleuse : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 26, French, - tonsille%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9belleuse

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tonsilla cerebelli : désignation tirée de la Terminologica Anatomica.  4, record 26, French, - tonsille%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9belleuse

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cada uno de los lobulillos en forma de almendra situado en la cara inferior del hemisferio del lóbulo posterior del cerebelo.  1, record 26, Spanish, - am%C3%ADgdala%20cerebelosa

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small triangular depression at the junction of the posterior and superior borders of the external acoustic meatus, posterior to the suprameatal spine...  3, record 27, English, - suprameatal%20triangle

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

suprameatal triangle: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 27, English, - suprameatal%20triangle

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.06.069: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  4, record 27, English, - suprameatal%20triangle

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fossette supraméatique : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 27, French, - fossette%20supram%C3%A9atique

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.06.069 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 27, French, - fossette%20supram%C3%A9atique

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fosita suprameática: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 27, Spanish, - fosita%20suprame%C3%A1tica

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.06.069: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 27, Spanish, - fosita%20suprame%C3%A1tica

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The largest of the four parts of the occipital bone, extending from the posterior edge of the foramen magnum to the lambdoid suture...  2, record 28, English, - squamous%20part%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... its external surface [bears] the external occipital protuberance and nuchal lines.  2, record 28, English, - squamous%20part%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

squamous part of occipital bone: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 28, English, - squamous%20part%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 OBS

A02.1.04.010: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 28, English, - squamous%20part%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écaille de l'os occipital; écaille occipitale : désignations dérivées de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 28, French, - %C3%A9caille%20de%20l%27os%20occipital

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.010 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 28, French, - %C3%A9caille%20de%20l%27os%20occipital

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porción romboidal del hueso occipital, de convexidad externa, que se extiende desde el borde posterior del agujero magno hasta la sutura lambdoidea.  3, record 28, Spanish, - escama%20occipital

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

escama occipital: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  4, record 28, Spanish, - escama%20occipital

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.010: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  4, record 28, Spanish, - escama%20occipital

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The extraperitoneal posterior aspect of the gland, lying in contact with the aorta, the splenic vein, the left kidney, and the diaphragmatic crura.  2, record 29, English, - posterior%20surface%20of%20body%20of%20pancreas

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

posterior surface of body of pancreas : designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 29, English, - posterior%20surface%20of%20body%20of%20pancreas

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A05.9.01.008: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 29, English, - posterior%20surface%20of%20body%20of%20pancreas

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

face postérieure du corps du pancréas : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 29, French, - face%20post%C3%A9rieure%20du%20corps%20du%20pancr%C3%A9as

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A05.9.01.008 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 29, French, - face%20post%C3%A9rieure%20du%20corps%20du%20pancr%C3%A9as

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cara posterior del cuerpo del páncreas: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 29, Spanish, - cara%20posterior%20del%20cuerpo%20del%20p%C3%A1ncreas

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A05.9.01.008: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 29, Spanish, - cara%20posterior%20del%20cuerpo%20del%20p%C3%A1ncreas

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The occipital bone is a single cranial bone that forms the posterior part of the skull and the base of the cranium... It is an irregular, four-sided bone that is somewhat curved upon itself.  3, record 30, English, - occipital%20bone

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occipital bone: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 30, English, - occipital%20bone

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.001: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  4, record 30, English, - occipital%20bone

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Os [plat, quadrilatéral, irrégulier et légèrement recourbé] qui forme la paroi postérieure et inférieure du crâne.  2, record 30, French, - os%20occipital

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

os occipital : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 30, French, - os%20occipital

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.001 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 30, French, - os%20occipital

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hueso impar y posteroinferior del cráneo que forma la parte posterior de la bóveda craneal y el suelo de la fosa craneal posterior.  2, record 30, Spanish, - hueso%20occipital

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hueso occipital: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 30, Spanish, - hueso%20occipital

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.001: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 30, Spanish, - hueso%20occipital

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The median point of the posterior border of the foramen magnum.  2, record 31, English, - opisthion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

opisthion: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 31, English, - opisthion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.004: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 31, English, - opisthion

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Point médian sur le bord postérieur du foramen magnum.  1, record 31, French, - opisthion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

opisthion : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 31, French, - opisthion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.004 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 31, French, - opisthion

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Punto medio del borde posterior del foramen occipital.  2, record 31, Spanish, - opistion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

opistion: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 31, Spanish, - opistion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.004: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 31, Spanish, - opistion

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A collection of lymphoid follicles on the posterior or pharyngeal portion of the dorsum of the tongue.  2, record 32, English, - lingual%20tonsil

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lingual tonsil: designation from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 32, English, - lingual%20tonsil

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tonsilla lingualis: designation from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 32, English, - lingual%20tonsil

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de follicules lymphoïdes situé dans la partie postérieure ou pharyngienne du dos de la langue.  2, record 32, French, - tonsille%20linguale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tonsille linguale : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 32, French, - tonsille%20linguale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tonsilla lingualis : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 32, French, - tonsille%20linguale

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amígdala del anillo linfático de Waldeyer que se localiza en la raíz o zona faríngea de la lengua y que se caracteriza porque las glándulas salivales mucosas de Weber desembocan en el fondo de las criptas.  1, record 32, Spanish, - am%C3%ADgdala%20lingual

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The intracranial opening of the hypoglossal canal is approximately 5 mm above the junction of the posterior and middle third of the occipital condyle and 5 mm below the jugular tubercle.  2, record 33, English, - jugular%20tubercle

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

jugular tubercle: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 33, English, - jugular%20tubercle

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.018: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 33, English, - jugular%20tubercle

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Éminence [située] au-dessus du canal du nerf hypoglosse [sur l'os occipital].  1, record 33, French, - tubercule%20jugulaire

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tubercule jugulaire : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 33, French, - tubercule%20jugulaire

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.018 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 33, French, - tubercule%20jugulaire

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tubérculo yugular: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 33, Spanish, - tub%C3%A9rculo%20yugular

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.018: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 33, Spanish, - tub%C3%A9rculo%20yugular

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Either of two processes on the occipital bone that project laterally from the occipital condyles and form the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen.  2, record 34, English, - jugular%20process%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

jugular process of occipital bone: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 34, English, - jugular%20process%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.020: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 34, English, - jugular%20process%20of%20occipital%20bone

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

processus jugulaire de l'os occipital : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 34, French, - processus%20jugulaire%20de%20l%27os%20occipital

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.020 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 34, French, - processus%20jugulaire%20de%20l%27os%20occipital

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

apófisis yugular del hueso occipital: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 34, Spanish, - ap%C3%B3fisis%20yugular%20del%20hueso%20occipital

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.020: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 34, Spanish, - ap%C3%B3fisis%20yugular%20del%20hueso%20occipital

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The depressor septi nasi muscle originates from the incisive fossa of the maxilla.... The depressor septi nasi inserts into the nasal septum and posterior aspect of the alar part of the nasalis muscle.... Upon contraction, the depressor septi nasi depresses the nasal septum and pulls the wing of the nose downward, constricting the aperture of the nostril.  2, record 35, English, - depressor%20septi%20nasi%20muscle

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

depressor septi nasi: English and Latin designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 35, English, - depressor%20septi%20nasi%20muscle

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le muscle abaisseur du septum nasal est un muscle de la face. Il relie la fosse incisive maxillaire et le muscle orbiculaire de la bouche à la cloison nasale du nez. En se contractant, il tire l'aile du nez vers le bas, réduisant ainsi la taille des narines.  3, record 35, French, - muscle%20abaisseur%20du%20septum%20nasal

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

muscle abaisseur du septum nasal : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 35, French, - muscle%20abaisseur%20du%20septum%20nasal

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

depressor septi nasi : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 35, French, - muscle%20abaisseur%20du%20septum%20nasal

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A linear midline depression on the internal surface of the occipital bone posterior to the foramen magnum and corresponding to the position of the occipital sinus.  2, record 36, English, - groove%20for%20occipital%20sinus

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

groove for occipital sinus: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 36, English, - groove%20for%20occipital%20sinus

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.033: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 36, English, - groove%20for%20occipital%20sinus

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sillon du sinus occipital : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 36, French, - sillon%20du%20sinus%20occipital

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.033 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 36, French, - sillon%20du%20sinus%20occipital

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

surco del seno occipital: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 36, Spanish, - surco%20del%20seno%20occipital

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.033: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  2, record 36, Spanish, - surco%20del%20seno%20occipital

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A prominent projection on the posterior surface [of the occipital bone] in the midline a short distance above the foramen magnum...  2, record 37, English, - external%20occipital%20protuberance

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[It] can be felt as a definite bump.  2, record 37, English, - external%20occipital%20protuberance

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

external occipital protuberance: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 37, English, - external%20occipital%20protuberance

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 OBS

A02.1.04.022: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 37, English, - external%20occipital%20protuberance

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protubérance occipitale externe est la saillie la plus proéminente de la face postérieure de l'os occipital, juste au-dessus du foramen magnum et sur la ligne médiane. Cette bosse est palpable à la partie postérieure de la tête juste au-dessus du cou.  2, record 37, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20occipitale%20externe

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

protubérance occipitale externe : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 37, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20occipitale%20externe

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.022 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 37, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20occipitale%20externe

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El inión o protuberancia occipital externa es la proyección más prominente del hueso occipital en la parte posteroinferior del cráneo humano, siendo el sitio de inserción del ligamento nucal y el músculo trapecio.  2, record 37, Spanish, - protuberancia%20occipital%20externa

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

protuberancia occipital externa: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 37, Spanish, - protuberancia%20occipital%20externa

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.022: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 37, Spanish, - protuberancia%20occipital%20externa

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Posterior to each [occipital] condyle is a depression(the condylar fossa) containing a condylar canal...  2, record 38, English, - condylar%20fossa

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condylar fossa: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 38, English, - condylar%20fossa

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.017: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 38, English, - condylar%20fossa

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dépression située derrière le condyle occipital avec ouverture du canal condylaire.  1, record 38, French, - fosse%20condylaire

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fosse condylaire : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 38, French, - fosse%20condylaire

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.017 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 38, French, - fosse%20condylaire

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fosa condílea es una depresión en la superficie exocraneal, dorsal al cóndilo occipital, en cuyo margen anterior hay una apertura denominada canal condíleo posterior que permite la anastomosis de canales venosos del seno sigmoideo con el plexo venoso suboccipital.  2, record 38, Spanish, - fosa%20cond%C3%ADlea

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fosa condílea: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 38, Spanish, - fosa%20cond%C3%ADlea

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A02.1.04.017: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 38, Spanish, - fosa%20cond%C3%ADlea

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a slip of fine muscle fibers posterior to the eyelashes, near the margin of each eyelid.  2, record 39, English, - ciliary%20bundle%20of%20orbicularis%20oculi

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ciliary bundle of orbicularis oculi; fasciculus ciliaris musculi orbicularis oculi: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 39, English, - ciliary%20bundle%20of%20orbicularis%20oculi

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faisceau ciliaire du muscle orbiculaire de l'œil : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 39, French, - faisceau%20ciliaire%20du%20muscle%20orbiculaire%20de%20l%27%26oelig%3Bil

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fasciculus ciliaris musculi orbicularis oculi : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 39, French, - faisceau%20ciliaire%20du%20muscle%20orbiculaire%20de%20l%27%26oelig%3Bil

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Epley maneuver is a highly effective, safe, canalith repositioning treatment of posterior canal BPPV [benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]... This procedure consists of a series of head position changes that essentially settle the loose otoconia from the semicircular canal into the utricle, where they can no longer trigger vertigo attacks.  3, record 40, English, - Epley%20manoeuvre

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Epley maneuver is one of several canalith repositioning maneuvers used to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.  4, record 40, English, - Epley%20manoeuvre

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les manœuvres de repositionnement des canalithes (le plus souvent la manœuvre d'Epley [...]) consistent à mobiliser la tête selon une série de positions spécifiques destinées à ramener les débris otoconiaux (canalithes) vers l'utricule.  2, record 40, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20d%27Epley

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La manœuvre d'Epley commence par l'allongement sur le dos de la personne atteinte, avec la tête dans le vide et tournée du côté affecté. La personne fait une rotation lente de la tête vers côté sain jusqu'à ce que la tête soit presque face au sol. Enfin, elle se relève en position assise avec la tête tournée du côté sain avant de revenir à une position normale.  3, record 40, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20d%27Epley

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La manœuvre d'Epley est l'une des nombreuses manœuvres de repositionnement des canalithes utilisées pour le traitement du vertige paroxystique positionnel bénin.  3, record 40, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20d%27Epley

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test used to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) that consists of a series of head, neck, and body movements that reproduce the vertigo sensation.  3, record 41, English, - Dix%2DHallpike%20manoeuver

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Dix-Hallpike test is typically performed in a doctor's office. The doctor will ask you to sit upright on an exam table with your legs stretched out in front of you and your head turned to one side. They will then ask you to lower your head and torso back so that you end up lying with your head stretched off the edge of the exam table, turned with one ear down at a 45-degree angle. If there are misplaced calcium deposits(also called canaliths) in the posterior canal of your inner ear, this will trigger vertigo symptoms.  4, record 41, English, - Dix%2DHallpike%20manoeuver

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo(BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver is the gold standard test used to diagnose BPPV, which is crucial in confirming posterior canal BPPV.  5, record 41, English, - Dix%2DHallpike%20manoeuver

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre clinique qui vise à confirmer le diagnostic du vertige paroxystique positionnel bénin (VPPB) en reproduisant le vertige par l'entremise d'une série de mouvements de la tête, du cou et du corps.  4, record 41, French, - manoeuvre%20de%20Dix%2DHallpike

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagnostic sera confirmé par la manœuvre de Dix et Hallpike, qui consiste à reproduire le vertige en basculant le patient vers le côté déclenchant (le sujet, assis jambes pendantes au milieu de la table d'examen, est rapidement couché par l'examinateur vers le côté supposé atteint). La manœuvre est positive lorsqu'elle provoque un vertige et/ou des mouvements des yeux (appelés nystagmus) que le médecin va observer.  2, record 41, French, - manoeuvre%20de%20Dix%2DHallpike

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The occlusal surface of the tooth is the chewing surface of posterior teeth.  2, record 42, English, - occlusal%20surface%20of%20tooth

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occlusal surface of tooth; facies occlusalis dentis: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 42, English, - occlusal%20surface%20of%20tooth

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

face occlusale de la dent : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 42, French, - face%20occlusale%20de%20la%20dent

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

facies occlusalis dentis : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 42, French, - face%20occlusale%20de%20la%20dent

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The posterior drawer test is performed with the knee in 90° flexion. The examiner palpates the hamstrings posteriorly to make sure they are relaxed. The thumbs are placed in the anterior joint line to palpate posterior translation of the tibia when a posterior force is applied.  2, record 43, English, - posterior%20drawer%20test