TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of fermentation that produces lactic acid as the end product through metabolism of glucose via glycolysis with the reduction of pyruvate to lactate.  1, record 1, English, - lactic%20heterofermentation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fermentation par des bactéries qui dégradent les hexoses avec formation quasi stœchiométrique d'une molécule de gaz carbonique, d'une molécule d'éthanol et d'une molécule d'acide lactique.  2, record 1, French, - fermentation%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rolactique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les sucres à cinq atomes de carbone (pentoses) peuvent parfois être fermentés et donnent alors une molécule d'éthanol et une molécule d'acide lactique. Outre ces produits, qui représentent plus de 80 p. 100 des sucres utilisés, on obtient également de l'acide acétique et du glycérol.  2, record 1, French, - fermentation%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rolactique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate.  3, record 2, English, - lactate%20dehydrogenase

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Isozyme qui se présente chez les mammifères, sous 5 formes moléculaires résultant de 5 combinaisons possibles en proportions variables de 2 sous-unités A et B.  3, record 2, French, - lacticod%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzima que se encuentra en la sangre cuya función está relacionada con la oxigenación.  1, record 2, Spanish, - lactato%20deshidrogenasa

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term(s) taken from a Canadian laboratory-equipment company’s catalogue.  1, record 3, English, - phosphoenol%20pyruvate%20carboxylase

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme(s) tiré(s) du catalogue d'une compagnie canadienne d'équipement de laboratoire.  1, record 3, French, - pyruvate%2Dphospho%C3%A9nol%2Dcarboxylase

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Examples are the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, the reductive decarboxylation of pyruate to ethanol, and the reduction of acetoacetate to buryrate.  2, record 4, English, - acetoacetate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A product used in biotechnology, for the production of feedstock chemicals.  3, record 4, English, - acetoacetate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formulas: CH₃-CO-CH₂-CO₂ or CH₃-CO-CH₂-COO-  4, record 4, English, - acetoacetate

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique des sels et esters de l'acide acétylacétique [...] ainsi que des produits de substitution métalliques.  3, record 4, French, - ac%C3%A9toac%C3%A9tate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formules chimiques : CH₃-CO-CH₂-CO₂ ou CH₃-CO-CH₂-COO-  4, record 4, French, - ac%C3%A9toac%C3%A9tate

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los cuerpos cetónicos (acetoacetato, acetona y beta hidroxibutirato) se forman en [el] hígado [...]  1, record 4, Spanish, - acetoacetato

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmulas químicas : CH₃-CO-CH₂-CO₂ o CH₃-CO-CH₂-COO-  2, record 4, Spanish, - acetoacetato

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Excess of lactic acid in the blood.  2, record 5, English, - hyperlacticacidemia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Physiologic changes due to ethanol metabolism. Hyperlacticacidemia high NADH/NAD ratio favors conversion of pyruvate to lactate and decreased lactate utilization increased production and decreased utilization elevates blood lactic acid.  1, record 5, English, - hyperlacticacidemia

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élévation du taux d'acide lactique dans le sang.  2, record 5, French, - hyperlactacid%C3%A9mie

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le test d'effort sous ischémie ou l'épreuve d'effort sur bicyclette ergométrique sont utiles devant un tableau d'intolérance à l'effort dont ils peuvent préciser le mécanisme. L'absence d'élévation de l'acide lactique est en faveur d'une glycogénose tandis qu'une hyperlactacidémie évoque un dysfonctionnement mitochondrial.  3, record 5, French, - hyperlactacid%C3%A9mie

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Positively charged resin used in ion-exchange chromatography to which diethylaminoethyl groups have been attached.  2, record 6, English, - DEAE%2Dcellulose

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although some of the earliest reports on immobilising enzymes refer to inorganic supports, in the next phase of development organic polymers were favoured. This was probably due both to the rapid development of interest in enzyme structure and the chemical modification of enzymes, and to the ease with which enzymes could be attached to organic polymers such as cellulose. This was achieved by adsorption(to DEAE-cellulose), and by covalent bonding.... Glucose isomerase has been immobilized through sorption from water solutions by anion exchange celluloses such as diethylaminoethyl(DEAE) cellulose and... pyruvate kinase bound to diethylaminoethylcellulose(DEAE-cellulose) via cyanuric chloride.  3, record 6, English, - DEAE%2Dcellulose

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellulose chargée positivement utilisée comme échangeuse d'anions dans la séparation chromatographique des protéines.  1, record 6, French, - DEAE%20cellulose

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les protéines peuvent être fractionnées grâce à la chromatographie par échange d'ions. On utilise souvent dans ce but des celluloses modifiées qui sont, soit des échangeurs d'anion comme la diéthylaminoéthyl-cellulose (DEAE-cellulose), soit des échangeurs de cations comme la carboxyméthyl-cellulose (CM-cellulose).  3, record 6, French, - DEAE%20cellulose

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that catalyzes a reaction in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into another molecule.  1, record 7, English, - carboxylase

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In plants, the major carboxylases are ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(rubisco), which catalyzes the primary assimilation of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, which is active in the ancillary C4 metabolism associated with C4 photosynthesis and CAM plants.  1, record 7, English, - carboxylase

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme qui catalyse la fixation du CO₂ sur une molécule (carboxylation).  1, record 7, French, - carboxylase

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme est quelquefois utilisé pour désigner les enzymes qui détachent le CO₂ d'une molécule (décarboxylase).  1, record 7, French, - carboxylase

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzima que cataliza la asimilación del CO₂ en forma orgánica en diferentes reacciones metabólicas.  1, record 7, Spanish, - carboxilasa

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One can clearly make glucose from amino acids and from pyruvate, but NOT from acetyl coA. Why? Acetyl coA carbons are released as CO2. There can be no net investment of these carbons into glucose. Fats, which are metabolized to acetyl coA, cannot, then, supply the body with glucose(with the exception of the glycerol backbone of FA's and three carbons in an odd-numbered fatty acid).  2, record 9, English, - odd%2Dnumbered%20fatty%20acid

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group form alanine to a-ketoglutarate to form glutamate and pyruvate, with pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor.  3, record 10, English, - alanine%20aminotransferase

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des transaminases spécifiques permettent à l'azote du glutamate d'être transféré sur des acides cétoniques avec formation correspondante d'acides aminés. Les plus courantes, la glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) ou alanine-cétoglutarate aminotransférase et la glutamate-oxaloacétate transaminase (GOT) [...] catalysent les réactions suivantes [...]  1, record 10, French, - glutamate%20pyruvate%20transaminase

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lysine has two distinct biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelic acid pathway and the [alpha]-aminoadipic acid pathway. The diaminopimelic acid pathway operates in bacteria, some lower fungi, algae, and higher plants. It begins with condensation of pyruvate with aspartate ß-semialdehyde and ends with decarboxylation of diaminopimelate. Diaminopimelate is an important constituent of bacterial cell walls. The [alpha]-aminoadipic acid pathway is less widespread and functions in other lower fungi, in higher fungi, and in the protist Euglena.  2, record 11, English, - diaminopimelate

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sel de l'acide diaminopimélique.  2, record 11, French, - diaminopim%C3%A9late

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Méthode précise de dosage du diaminopimélate, étude de sa présence chez les animaux axéniques et embryons de poulet.  3, record 11, French, - diaminopim%C3%A9late

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A compound that serves as a component of cell wall mucopeptide in some bacteria and as a source of lysine in all bacteria.  3, record 12, English, - diaminopimelic%20acid

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Design and synthesis of inhibitors of biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, a key constituent of bacterial cell walls and a target for broad spectrum antibiotics. Special emphasis is on blocking formation and utilization of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as well as preventing polymerization of the polysaccharide backbone.  2, record 12, English, - diaminopimelic%20acid

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lysine has two distinct biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelic acid pathway and the [alpha]-aminoadipic acid pathway. The diaminopimelic acid pathway operates in bacteria, some lower fungi, algae, and higher plants. It begins with condensation of pyruvate with aspartate ß-semialdehyde and ends with decarboxylation of diaminopimelate. Diaminopimelate is an important constituent of bacterial cell walls. The [alpha]-aminoadipic acid pathway is less widespread and functions in other lower fungi, in higher fungi, and in the protist Euglena.  4, record 12, English, - diaminopimelic%20acid

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

DAP: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  5, record 12, English, - diaminopimelic%20acid

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

diaminopimélate : Sel de l'acide diaminopimélique.  4, record 12, French, - acide%20diaminopim%C3%A9lique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

On utilise pour obtenir un «confinement biologique», des souches d'E. coli réceptrices d'ADN étranger qui sont exigeantes en acide diaminopimélique (DAP), substance uniquement d'origine bactérienne et peu répandue dans l'environnement. On a pu montrer à l'aide de modèles gnotoxéniques que les parois de certaines bactéries de la flore du tube digestif pouvaient servir de source de DAP aux mutants exigeants et permettre leur croissance «in vivo».  2, record 12, French, - acide%20diaminopim%C3%A9lique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

DAP : abréviation non officielle; ne pas l'utiliser seule, pour éviter tout risque de confusion.  5, record 12, French, - acide%20diaminopim%C3%A9lique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of fermentation that produces lactic acid as the end product through metabolism of glucose via glycolysis with the reduction of pyruvate to lactate.  1, record 13, English, - lactic%20homofermentation

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fermentation du glucose dans laquelle il est dégradé en acide lactique qui constitue le seul produit final. Ce type de dégradation du glucose a lieu aussi bien chez de nombreux microorganismes que dans les cellules des animaux supérieurs, en particulier des mammifères.  2, record 13, French, - fermentation%20homolactique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Patients with liver disease may show signs of B1 deficiency, possibly because of deficient synthesis of lipoic acid. In vitro, thiamine deficiency produces accumulation of pyruvate and lactate, reduction of acetate, citrate and alpha-keto-glutarate and reduced acetylcholine synthesis. Any of these metabolic changes could be involved in dysfunction.  2, record 14, English, - metabolic%20dysfunction

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déséquilibre métabolique caractérisé par l'incapacité de l'organisme à synthétiser une substance indispensable à son fonctionnement.  1, record 14, French, - dysm%C3%A9tabolie

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction L-alanine + 2-ketoglutarate [yields] pyruvate + L-glutamate. The reaction transfers nitrogen for excretion or for incorporation into other compounds. The enzyme is found in serum and body tissues, especially in the liver. The activity in the serum is greatly increased in cases of liver disease.  3, record 15, English, - alanine%20aminotransferase

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An enzyme found in high concentrations in hepatocytes of dogs, cats and humans.  4, record 15, English, - alanine%20aminotransferase

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enzyme associée surtout aux lésions hépatiques.  1, record 15, French, - s%C3%A9rum%20glutamopyruvique%20transaminase

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase,... transfers electrons from lactate to the oxidized form of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD⁺, to yield pyruvate, the reduced coenzyme NADH, and a proton.... The reduced form of the coenzyme, NADH, absorbs light in the ultraviolet at 340 nm; whereas the oxidized form NAD⁺, the lactate, and the pyruvate do not. Thus the progress of the reaction in the forward direction can be followed by measuring the increase in light absorption of the system at 340 nm in a spectrophotometer.  4, record 16, English, - nicotinamide%20adenine%20dinucleotide

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coenzyme essentiel au métabolisme cellulaire intervenant dans les mécanismes d'oxydo-réduction (glycolyse, oxydations respiratoires terminales, réductions de l'azote) en agissant comme agent de transfert d'hydrogène et d'électrons.  3, record 16, French, - nicotinamide%20ad%C3%A9nine%20dinucl%C3%A9otide

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The various chemical reactions involved in the conversion of dietary nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements into storage molecules such as triglycerides, glycogen, and proteins; into a large array of reaction intermediates such as glycoproteins, heteropolysaccharides, and phospholipids; or into special function molecules such as hormones, nucleotides, and vitamins.  1, record 17, English, - intermediary%20metabolism

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term intermediary metabolism is used to refer to those biochemical reactions occurring in cells by which the many biochemical intermediates are formed and/or transformed into other products necessary for life. Glycolysis, for example, produces glucose-6-phosphate, which can be transformed into ribose, glucuronate, glycerol, pyruvate, oxo-glutarate, glutamate, ascorbic acid, etc. To produce the large number of intermediates requires intertwined metabolic pathways, all carefully regulated by allosteric enzymes and hormones.  1, record 17, English, - intermediary%20metabolism

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des phénomènes de dégradation (catabolisme) et de synthèse (anabolisme) qui permettent un cycle continu d'échanges entre la cellule et les substrats apportés par l'alimentation : glucides, lipide et protides.  1, record 17, French, - m%C3%A9tabolisme%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les liaisons faibles, pour avoir une quelconque efficacité, ne peuvent agir qu'à courtes distances, et en grand nombre. Telles sont bien leurs caractéristiques, qui s'épanouissent au mieux dans les relations de complémentarité des formes : c'est le cas tout spécialement des relations entre l'enzyme et son substrat, l'antigène et son anticorps ou l'effecteur allostérique avec la protéine enzymatique en structure quaternaire. L'ensemble du métabolisme intermédiaire, dans son mécanisme intrinsèque comme dans sa régulation, dépend totalement de telles relations structurales.  2, record 17, French, - m%C3%A9tabolisme%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Actuellement, ce terme désigne deux types de processus biochimiques : l'un, variable, avec les divers substrats; l'autre, appelé "système métabolique central", identique pour toutes les cellules animales et végétales : alimenté en petites molécules par le premier, il fournit à l'organisme l'énergie qui lui est nécessaire, mais aussi des matériaux pour des biosynthèses. Le système métabolique central, situé dans les mitochondries des cellules animales et végétales, comprend deux ensembles multienzymatiques associés aux structures mitochondriales : le cycle citrique et les chaînes d'oxydoréduction.  1, record 17, French, - m%C3%A9tabolisme%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

salt of pyruvic acid, such as sodium pyruvate.(Na)(O subscript 3)(C subscript 3)(H subscript 3).  2, record 18, English, - pyruvate

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

sel ou ester de l'acide pyruvique.  2, record 18, French, - pyruvate

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish