TERMIUM Plus^®

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A signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception.  1, record 1, English, - beamforming

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Beamforming can be used for radio or sound waves. It has found numerous applications in radar, sonar, seismology, wireless communications, radio astronomy, acoustics and biomedicine.  1, record 1, English, - beamforming

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Technique de traitement du signal utilisée dans les réseaux d'antennes et de capteurs pour l'émission ou la réception directionnelle de signaux.  1, record 1, French, - formation%20de%20faisceaux

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Le principe de la formation de voies peut s'exprimer dans le domaine temporel ou dans le domaine fréquentiel dans des formulations équivalentes.  1, record 1, French, - formation%20de%20faisceaux

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Control del perfil de un haz de antena, mediante el diseño de las superficies de la antena o mediante el control de la puesta en fase de las señales radiadas desde esa antena.  1, record 1, Spanish, - conformaci%C3%B3n%20del%20haz

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The NASA Deep Space Network is an international network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions and radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar system and the universe. The network also supports selected Earth-orbiting missions. The DSN currently consists of three deep-space communications facilities placed approximately 120 degrees apart around the world : at Gladstone, in California's Mojave Desert; near Madrid, Spain; and near Canberra, Australia. This strategic placement permits constant observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates, and helps to make the DSN the largest and most sensitive scientific telecommunications system in the world.  2, record 2, English, - Deep%20Space%20Network

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Réseau de communications avec l'espace lointain : traduction non officielle donnée à titre d'information seulement.  2, record 2, French, - Deep%20Space%20Network

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A service involving the use of radio astronomy.  2, record 3, English, - radio%20astronomy%20service

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Service comportant l'utilisation de la radioastronomie.  2, record 3, French, - service%20de%20radioastronomie

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Space Radio Astronomy. Radio astronomy from space platforms offers access to frequencies that do not penetrate to the Earth's surface and baselines for interferometry experiments that are not possible using only ground-based radio telescopes.... The differences between space and ground-based radio astronomy are making it necessary to review whether there should be specific protections and allocations for this area of radio astronomy.  2, record 4, English, - space%20radio%20astronomy

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Pour les longueurs d'ondes plus grandes, centimétriques et décimétriques, le problème du déploiement de grandes antennes est encore plus aigu. La radio-astronomie spatiale est ainsi une discipline peu pratiquée. Le seul intérêt dans ce domaine serait, dans le secteur de l'interférométrie, de pouvoir disposer d'une base plus grande que le diamètre de la Terre.  2, record 4, French, - radioastronomie%20spatiale

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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HALCA was launched by M-V-1 on February 12, 1997. As a radio astronomy satellite, it conducted various engineering experiments including deployment of large antenna and VLBI(very long baseline interferometry) interference experiments before successfully making VLBI observation.  2, record 5, English, - radio%20astronomy%20satellite

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Lancement du satellite de radioastronomie HALCA à la rampe de lancement de Kagoshima, au Japon. Les signaux transmis par le satellite japonais sont fusionnés à ceux transmis par les radiotélescopes du réseau mondial d'interférométrie à très longue base (VLBI). Les astronomes utilisent un système informatique appelé «corrélateur» [...]  2, record 5, French, - satellite%20de%20radioastronomie

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Radio astronomy research at the University of Calgary involves the study of stellar, interstellar, and extragalactic radio emission.  2, record 6, English, - extragalactic%20radio%20emission

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extragalactic: Outside our galaxy, which is the Milky Way.  3, record 6, English, - extragalactic%20radio%20emission

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The Discovery of Cosmic Radio Noise. Cosmic radio emission was discovered by accident in the 1930s by a physicist working as a radio engineer. Why didn’t "real" astronomers discover radio astronomy? In part because they knew too much.  2, record 7, English, - cosmic%20radio%20noise

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Apparent temperature of radiation from a distant emitting region, i.e. the temperature that a blackbody would have in order to radiate the same observed flux density per unit solid angle.  5, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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Brightness temperatures are both a measure of the physical temperature within the snow and a gauge of emissivity, or the ability of water or ice/snow to emit radiation at the microwave frequencies (frequencies in the centimeter wavelength range). Dry snow emits much less radiation than wet snow, which behaves almost like a perfect emitter (blackbody), giving off a wide range of frequencies of radiation. Therefore, dry snow and ice have lower brightness temperatures than wet snow surfaces.  6, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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Depending on the nature of the source of radiation and any subsequent absorption, the brightness temperature may be independent of, or highly dependent on, the wavelength of the radiation.  7, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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Ultimately, one is interested in the temperature that corresponds to a particular Planck function value... This temperature is determined by inverting the Planck function,... The temperature derived is called brightness temperature because of its historical connection with radio astronomy; however, the terms radiance temperature or equivalent black body temperature are also frequently used.  8, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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The word "brightness" is often used by physicists to mean what illumination engineers and laboratory photometrists call "luminance". However, astronomers usually use "brightness" for what is more usually called "radiance", or even "spectral radiance"(whence the term "brightness temperature", used in astrophysics, radio astronomy, planetary science and remote sensing, for the temperature of a black body having the same spectral radiance as an astrophysical object at some wavelength). When luminance is intended, astronomers usually say "surface brightness".  9, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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Brightness temperature in radio astronomy is equivalent to specific intensity in optical astronomy.  10, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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luminance temperature: luminance [is] the photometric equivalent of radiance. Luminance is obtained by integrating spectral radiance weighted by luminous efficiency over the visible spectrum.  7, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

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radiance temperature: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  11, record 8, English, - radiance%20temperature

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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[...] température à laquelle il faudrait porter un corps noir pour qu'il présente un rayonnement dont l'énergie est identique à celle du corps analysé dans la même bande de fréquence.  7, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20luminance

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[...] les données acquises de manière passive dans le domaine micro-onde [hyperfréquences] sont présentées en température de brillance T_b [...] La température de brillance est la température que devrait avoir un corps noir pour avoir la même luminance que l'objet observé qui a une température T [...]  8, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20luminance

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Dans le domaine de l'infra-rouge thermique utilisé en télédétection (8 - 14 mm), les nuages sont pratiquement assimilables à des corps noirs et ont une émissivité de 0.98. La détermination de leur luminance permet alors d'accéder à leur température, elle-même très liée à leur altitude. [...] La luminance obtenue dans une bande spectrale sur une cible précise est transformée en température de brillance à l'aide de tables dérivées de l'équation de Planck.  9, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20luminance

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[...] l'océan rayonne de l'énergie en quantité identique à celle qu'il absorbe. La puissance qu'il émet par unité d'angle solide et de surface s'appelle la brillance (B) et se mesure en watts par stéradian et par mètre carré [En fait,] ce que l'on appelle couramment «brillance» en télédétection hyperfréquence correspond à la définition rigoureuse de la «luminance» (ou «radiance» en anglais). Rigoureusement, la brillance est la puissance reçue, par unité d'angle solide et de surface du capteur. On définit couramment la puissance rayonnée par la mer en terme de température de brillance (Tb), qui représente la température du corps noir qui aurait, à la fréquence [...] la même brillance que la mer. Un corps noir est un objet qui absorbe tout le rayonnement incident à sa surface, et par conséquent dont la réflectivité est nulle.  4, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20luminance

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température de luminance : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  10, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20luminance

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Temperatura de un cuerpo negro que irradia la misma cantidad de energía por unidad de superficie, en las longitudes de onda consideradas, que el cuerpo observado.  1, record 8, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20luminancia

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Astronomy based on the reception of radio waves of cosmic origin.  2, record 9, English, - radio%20astronomy

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Branche de l'astronomie qui étude les rayonnements électromagnétiques des corps célestes (ou «radiosources»).  2, record 9, French, - radioastronomie

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Ciencia que tiene por objeto el estudio de las radiaciones electromagnéticas de los cuerpos celestes.  1, record 9, Spanish, - radioastronom%C3%ADa

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The Atacama Large Millimeter Array(ALMA) project will bring to millimeter and sub-millimeter astronomy the aperture synthesis techniques of radio astronomy which enable precision imaging to be done on sub-arcsecond angular scales.  2, record 10, English, - Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter%20Array

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Observatoire astronomique au sol. Projet international euro-américain de construction d'un observatoire (64 antennes) dans le désert d'Atacama au Chili. Opérationnel en 2009.  1, record 10, French, - Grand%20r%C3%A9seau%20d%27astronomie%20millim%C3%A9trique%20d%27Atacama

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Entry in the Table of Frequency Allocations of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions. This term shall also be applied to the frequency band concerned.  2, record 11, English, - allocation

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Inscription dans le Tableau d'attribution des bandes de fréquences, d'une bande de fréquences déterminée, aux fins de son utilisation par un ou plusieurs services de radiocommunication de Terre ou spatiale, ou par le service de radioastronomie, dans des conditions spécifiées. Ce terme s'applique également à la bande de fréquences considérée.  2, record 11, French, - attribution

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS) is a NASA mission to map the universe in the radio wavelength range from 487 to 557 GHz. Launched in late 1998, SWAS made the first space-based observations of submillimeter wavelengths to help scientists understand the processes that contribute to the birth of stars. The submillimeter region is important for observation because instruments can detect emissions from molecules in very cold clouds in space. SWAS is the first instrument flown to detect water in almost every dust cloud in space that it has observed, a key indicator in the cooling process that contributes to star formation.  2, record 12, English, - submillimeter%2Dwave%20astronomy%20satellite

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IUCAF is an international committee(set up in 1960 by URSI, IAU, and COSPAR) that works in the field of spectrum management on behalf of the passive radio sciences, like radio astronomy, remote sensing, space research, and meteorological remote sensing. The IUCAF brief is to study and coordinate the requirements for radio frequency allocations established by the afore-mentioned sciences and to make these requirements known to the national and international bodies responsible for frequency allocations. IUCAF has official standing as a nonvoting organisation at the ITU, the International Telecommunication Union, located in Geneva, Switzerland.  4, record 13, English, - Scientific%20Committee%20on%20Frequency%20Allocations%20for%20Radio%20Astronomy%20and%20Space%20Science

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The Geodetic Survey Division(GSD) has carried out its mandate and serviced Canada for over 90 years by developing a national framework for horizontal position and elevations. Today, it uses satellie observations, interferometric radio astronomy and gravity observations, complemented by computer modelling, to achieve its mandate.  1, record 15, English, - Geodetic%20Survey%20Division

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Depuis 90 ans, la Division des levés géodésiques s'acquitte de son mandat et sert le Canada en établissant un canevas national de points planimétriques et altimétriques. Aujourd'hui, elle a recours aux observation satéllitaires, la radioastronomie interférométrique et observations gravimétriques, qu'elle complète par des modèles informatiques.  2, record 15, French, - Division%20des%20lev%C3%A9s%20g%C3%A9od%C3%A9siques

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The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.  2, record 16, English, - National%20Radio%20Astronomy%20Observatory

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National Research Council of Canada.  2, record 17, English, - James%20Clerk%20Maxwell%20Telescope

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Naturally emitted microwaves are the target of this unusual telescope. Located near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, the JCMT [James Clerk Maxwell Telescope] is helping to open a new window on the universe. Named after the pioneering Scottish physicist who gave us a fundamental understanding of electricity and magnetism, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is used to investigate a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is only now beginning to be explored. The telescope is capable of exploring radio waves with a range of about 0. 3 to 2 mm... JCMT was built jointly by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and is funded by the UK, Canada and the Netherlands. It is operated from the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hilo, Hawaii and used by astronomers from the funding countries and world-wide, who visit the observatory for the few days that they are scheduled to use the telescope each year.  1, record 17, English, - James%20Clerk%20Maxwell%20Telescope

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Conseil national de recherches du Canada.  1, record 17, French, - t%C3%A9lescope%20James%2DClerk%2DMaxwell

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Unit of radiation received from outer space, used in radio astronomy. It is equal to 10(superscript "-26") watts per square meter per hertz.  1, record 18, English, - jansky

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Named for the U.S. radio engineer Karl Jansky (1905-1950).  1, record 18, English, - jansky

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In radio astronomy, the addition of one or more orbiting antennae to the ground-based very long baseline arrays doubles or triples the spatial resolution of the network.  1, record 19, English, - very%20long%20baseline%20arrays

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Any radiocommunication other than space radiocommunication or radio astronomy.  2, record 20, English, - terrestrial%20radiocommunication

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Toute radiocommunication autre que les radiocommunications spatiales ou la radioastronomie.  2, record 20, French, - radiocommunication%20de%20Terre

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Renseignement obtenu le 78/03/29.  1, record 21, French, - Comit%C3%A9%20ad%20hoc%20de%20r%C3%A9vision%20de%20la%20radioastronomie

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URSI : International Union of Radio Science  1, record 22, English, - URSI%20Commission%20on%20Radio%20Astronomy

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Source(s) : DSTM [Direction des services de traduction ministériels] Communications.  1, record 23, French, - Nomenclature%20des%20stations%20des%20services%20de%20radiocommunication%20spatiale%20et%20du%20service%20de%20radioastronomie

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