TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generative pretraining(GPT) is a deep learning technique that involves training a language model on a large corpus of text data in an unsupervised manner. The primary goal of GPT is to generate text that closely resembles human-written text by predicting the next word in a given sequence.  2, record 1, English, - generative%20pretraining

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is asynchronous online learning? [It] means that the instructor and the students in the [online] course all engage with the course content at different times(and from different locations). The instructor provides students with a sequence of units which the students move through as their schedules permit. Each unit might make use of assigned readings or uploaded media, online quizzes, discussion boards, and more.  4, record 2, English, - asynchronous%20online%20learning

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Qu'est-ce que l'apprentissage en ligne asynchrone? [Cela] signifie que l'instructeur et les étudiants du cours [en ligne] s'engagent tous dans le contenu du cours à des moments différents (et à partir de lieux différents). L'instructeur fournit aux étudiants une séquence d'unités que les étudiants parcourent en fonction de leur emploi du temps. Chaque unité peut utiliser des lectures assignées ou des médias téléchargés, des quiz en ligne, des forums de discussion, etc.  1, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20en%20ligne%20asynchrone

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En niveles [de] bajo riesgo, y en caso de que las clases deban interrumpirse debido al desarrollo profesional del personal, conferencias para padres, y/o cualquier otra actividad que limite el acceso de los niños al plantel escolar, se fomenta el aprendizaje asíncrono en línea.  3, record 2, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20as%C3%ADncrono%20en%20l%C3%ADnea

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figuring out betting patterns is one of the most important poker betting strategies, and is made of determining the sequence and sizing of bets placed during the course of a hand. Learning to identify betting patterns and then using logic to put your opponent on a list of likely hands will take you a long way to figuring out what hand your opponent holds.  2, record 3, English, - betting%20pattern

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un joueur attentif est donc capable de tirer des conclusions sur la main adverse lorsqu'il identifie un schéma de jeu particulier.  2, record 3, French, - sch%C3%A9ma%20de%20jeu

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The typical learning sequence is explanation, example, trying out the skill or method, reviewing what happened, and considering developments and alternatives.  2, record 4, English, - learning%20sequence

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble d'exemples et de contre-exemples judicieusement sélectionnés par l'enseignant pour favoriser l'apprentissage d'un concept.  2, record 4, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20d%27apprentissage

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les séquences d'apprentissage doivent être présentées dans un ordre logique.  3, record 4, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20d%27apprentissage

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «séquence d'apprentissage» adopte le point de vue de l'apprenant alors que «séquence d'enseignement» adopte celui de l'enseignant ou du système tutoriel.  2, record 4, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20d%27apprentissage

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Few tutoring programs include a learning module ... for automatically modifying tutoring methods.  2, record 5, English, - learning%20module

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "learning sequence".  3, record 5, English, - learning%20module

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séquence autonome d'un didacticiel présentant une unité d'apprentissage comprenant un nombre limité de notions (souvent une seule) à transmettre et généralement accompagnée d'applications, de tests et de commentaires [CTN, Paris, 1991].  2, record 5, French, - module%20d%27apprentissage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un «module» est une sous-partie de l'écriture du programme informatique. Il gère une séquence pédagogique comportant des pages [...], des sollicitations, des analyses de réponses et des enchaînements conditionnels.  3, record 5, French, - module%20d%27apprentissage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sequence of smaller loans to support based implementation of long term development programs when there is clear agreement on objectives, but where the path to achieve them requires learning from results.  2, record 6, English, - adaptable%20program%20loan

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Préstamo que proporciona financiamiento en forma escalonada para programas de desarrollo a largo plazo.  2, record 6, Spanish, - pr%C3%A9stamo%20de%20programa%20adaptable

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

New, unusual or unconventional organizational and methodological approaches to learning designed to meet the needs of those who seek education without being confined within the space, time, place, course sequence, and/or credit framework characteristic of most educational systems.  1, record 7, English, - non%2Dtraditional%20study

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Non-traditional study: Reproduced from Terminology of Adult Education with the permission of the International Bureau of Education.  2, record 7, English, - non%2Dtraditional%20study

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formation qui emploie des stratégies, une organisation de l'expérience éducative, des méthodes, qui sortent du cadre de programmes de classes, d'heures fixes, de diplômes qui caractérise l'enseignement institutionnel. Elle s'adresse surtout à ceux qui ne sont pas disposés à participer à une formation traditionnelle.  1, record 7, French, - %C3%A9tudes%20non%20traditionnelles

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Études non-traditionnelles : Reproduit de Terminologie de l'éducation des adultes avec la permission du Bureau international d'éducation.  2, record 7, French, - %C3%A9tudes%20non%20traditionnelles

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Problem-driven Learning.... the progression of models enables the system to present students with a sequence of problem solving situations that motivate the need for developing particular transformations of their models of circuit behavior. In solving new problems, the students attempt to transform their models of circuit behavior in concordance with the evolution of the system's models. The focus is on having students solve problems on their own, without providing them first with explanations for how to solve them. Only when they run into difficulty, do they request explanations of circuit behavior.  1, record 8, English, - problem%2Ddriven%20learning

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stratégie d'apprentissage dans laquelle l'apprenant est aux prises directement avec des problèmes à résoudre, sans explications préalables de la part du système, lequel n'intervient qu'en cas de besoin.  1, record 8, French, - apprentissage%20%C3%A0%20partir%20de%20probl%C3%A8mes

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A concept learning program has to learn a symbolic description that enables it to determine whether or not an object is an instance of the target concept.  4, record 9, English, - concept%2Dlearning%20program

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... Self presents a concept learning program. The program takes as input the classified examples in the sequence, then forms a bounded set of hypotheses, and manages this set until it reduces to a singleton containing the correct concept.  2, record 9, English, - concept%2Dlearning%20program

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

apprentissage qui suit une progression.  1, record 10, French, - apprentissage%20s%C3%A9quentiel

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Approches pédagogiques : Infrastructure pour la pratique de l'enseignement, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, 1993.  1, record 10, French, - apprentissage%20s%C3%A9quentiel

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the temporal order of patterns(of objects or events) is essential for many phenomena, it is necessary to support sequence processing in neural networks. More concretely, associative neural networks require mechanisms to map temporal sequences of patterns into the spatial structure of neural interconnections in the learning mode, and for their recognition and retrieval in the operation mode.  1, record 11, English, - neural%20sequence%20learning

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'apprentissage et la reconnaissance de séquences temporelles est un indispensable domaine de recherches pluridisciplinaires. La reconnaissance de la parole et l'étude du mouvement en vision confirment cette hypothèse.  1, record 11, French, - apprentissage%20de%20s%C3%A9quences%20temporelles

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

BACON. 4 is the fourth in a line of discovery systems. BACON. 1 showed considerable generality by solving sequence extrapolation tasks, learning conjunctive and disjunctive concepts, and discovering simple physical laws.  1, record 12, English, - discovery%20program

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On parle de programmes de découverte scientifique tels BACON ou ABACUS, qui sont capables de détecter des relations fonctionnelles au sein d'ensembles de données. L'exemple le plus connu est celui de la découverte de la loi de Kepler par ces programmes, à partir de données sur les distances des planètes du soleil.  1, record 12, French, - programme%20de%20d%C3%A9couverte%20scientifique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some concept learning systems accept as input only positive examples, whilst others can accept both positive and negative examples. If the input is a sequence of positive and negative examples carefully organised by a teacher to facilitate the learning of the concept, then this is referred to as a "training sequence".  1, record 13, English, - training%20sequence

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les algorithmes d'apprentissage font souvent appel au hasard pour déterminer les séquences d'apprentissage, tout comme le maître choisirait au hasard des exercices dans des annales pour s'assurer que l'élève a compris la totalité du programme.  2, record 13, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20d%27apprentissage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first application of Skinner's research to the classroom situation came in the form of linear programmed learning. In this type of programmed learning, the subject matter is broken down into a sequence of small steps... logically following upon one another. Each of the steps represents only a very small part of the concept or skill to be taught.... each step contains a certain amount of information and requires the student to respond to a question about the information, while the small size of the step practically guarantees the correctness of the desired response.  2, record 14, English, - small%20step

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enseignement programmé présente plusieurs caractéristiques qui le différencient des méthodes traditionnelles d'enseignement. Vous avez déjà appris l'un de ces principes. Ce principe est que l'élève apprend mieux s'il procède par petites étapes.  3, record 14, French, - petite%20%C3%A9tape

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Enseignement programmé. (...) Il répond aux principes fondamentaux suivants : enseignement individualisé, progression par petites étapes, réponse, correction immédiate et renforcement de la réponse, respect du rythme individuel de l'élève.  4, record 14, French, - petite%20%C3%A9tape

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self's vision of formalizing teaching in terms of a student model is given a sharp focus in his work on concept teaching(Self, 1977). It differs from other projects by being a formal experiment on teaching rather than a teaching system. The domain is the acquisition of simple conjunctive concepts in a relational language close to first-order logic. An example of the concepts taught by Self's system would be R(x) T(y)("There is a rectangle and no triangle"). The target concept is taught through successive variable-free examples classified as positive or negative instances. For example, the tutor could say that R(a) T(b)("There is a rectangle a and a triangle b") is a negative example. Since the order in which the sequence of instances is presented greatly influences the time the student takes to converge on the correct concept, the idea is for the teacher to use a learning model to optimize its selection of examples.  1, record 15, English, - concept%20teaching

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir étude de concepts, évaluation des concepts, test de concepts.  3, record 15, French, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Comparer à apprentissage de concepts : apprentissage visant à trouver une fonction de reconnaissance qui permet de distinguer les éléments appartenant au concept de ceux n'en faisant pas partie.  3, record 15, French, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The only duty of the concept teaching program is to select the small sets to be presented at each iteration from a pool of prestored classified instances. Its objective is to find the sequence that will minimize the time elapsed between the presentation of the first instances and the last error in classification. To this end, it maintains a model of the student's set of hypotheses(exactly how the model is inferred is left unspecified). In addition to a definition of the(target concept), it is given a model of its student's learning mechanisms. Hence it can select the instances by which its learning model would minimize the difference between its student model' s set of hypotheses and the correct concept. This difference must be computed according to some distance measure, which can be very difficult to determine.  1, record 16, English, - concept%20teaching%20program

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir apprentissage de concepts, enseignement de type conceptuel.  1, record 16, French, - programme%20d%27enseignement%20de%20concepts

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The assessment of learning activities within a specific instructional area for the purpose of determining the validity of objectives, relevancy and sequence of content, and achievement of specified goals : leads to decisions associated with planning, programming, implementing, and recycling program activities.  1, record 17, English, - curriculum%20evaluation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) collecte et (...) recherche d'éléments de preuve permettant de prendre des décisions quant à la praticabilité, à l'efficacité et à la valeur éducative d'un curriculum.  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20d%27un%20curriculum

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir fiche "évaluation d'un programme d'études".  2, record 17, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20d%27un%20curriculum

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'évaluation comparative et objective d'un curriculum semble, à la limite, un leurre, car un curriculum se fonde au départ sur un jugement de valeurs. Or, comment comparer des curricula qui ne poursuivent pas les mêmes fins et les mêmes buts? Par contre, il est possible - et d'un grand intérêt de déterminer si un curriculum particulier atteint, de façon satisfaisante, les objectifs qu'il s'est assignés. L'accueil réservé par les enseignants, l'accès aisé à toutes les composantes du curriculum, le coût et l'adéquation de la formation des maîtres doivent aussi être pris en considération.  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20d%27un%20curriculum

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The key to the use of these audio-visual materials is the learning activity packet which tells the student what activities he is to engage in, indicates sequence of them and provides a description of the tests to be administered.  1, record 18, English, - learning%20activity%20packet

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce «dossier du maître» [le guide d'accompagnement] comprend [...] le calendrier général, l'emploi du temps journalier [...] et un recueil de conseils généraux définissant l'attitude du moniteur dans [les] situations de télé-enseignement.  1, record 18, French, - guide%20d%27accompagnement

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish