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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Knowledge that is acquired from experience and is used to solve practical problems. Surface knowledge usually involves specific facts and theories about a particular domain or task and a large number of rules-of-thumb.  3, record 1, English, - surface%20knowledge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also experiential or heuristic knowledge and deep-knowledge.  3, record 1, English, - surface%20knowledge

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Connaissance exprimée en utilisant des descripteurs que l'utilisateur considère comme opérationnels.  3, record 1, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Connaissance provenant de l'expérience utilisable pour résoudre des problèmes pratiques. On la qualifie aussi d'heuristique ou expérimentale.  2, record 1, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes basés sur les connaissances fondamentales viendront en complément de ceux fondés sur des connaissances de surface («shallow knowledge») utilisés pour des cas plus courants.  1, record 1, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi connaissances expérientielles et savoir heuristique.  4, record 1, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Schools favour preliminary drill(or training) on land or in shallow water, so that beginners may gain some knowledge of the required movements before attempting to swim. [also training COSWI 68 201]  1, record 2, English, - drill

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'entraînement a pour but de mettre le nageur en bonne condition physique et de l'améliorer techniquement.  1, record 2, French, - entra%C3%AEnement

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Declarative knowledge that has been translated into procedural knowledge so that it can be immediately processed by a computer.  2, record 3, English, - compiled%20knowledge

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a person acquires and organizes knowledge into chunks and networks, the knowledge becomes compiled. Some individuals compile knowledge into more and more abstract and theoretical patterns (deep knowledge). Others compile knowledge as a result of practical experience (surface knowledge). Most people begin by acquiring theoretical knowledge and then, when they finish their schooling, they recompile what they have learned into practical heuristics. Expertise consists of large amounts of compiled knowledge.  3, record 3, English, - compiled%20knowledge

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Wenger presents the now standard idea of compiled vs. articulated knowledge(terms that are preferable, in my mind, to shallow and deep).  4, record 3, English, - compiled%20knowledge

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

compiled knowledge: term standardized by ISO/IEC and CSA.  5, record 3, English, - compiled%20knowledge

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] type de connaissance [...] acquis par l'expérience à partir d'une connaissance de base analytique.  4, record 3, French, - connaissance%20compil%C3%A9e

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à savoir articulé. Voir aussi connaissances profondes et connaissances de surface.  5, record 3, French, - connaissance%20compil%C3%A9e

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

connaissance compilée; connaissances compilées : termes normalisés par ISO/CEI et la CSA.  5, record 3, French, - connaissance%20compil%C3%A9e

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wenger presents the now standard idea of compiled vs. articulated knowledge(terms that are preferable, in my mind, to shallow and deep). He presents a rationale for why knowledge could(and should) be compiled for specific purposes. He also presents a useful breakdown of the characteristics of knowledge articulation : the completeness of its contents(including justification), its structure or organization(e. g. abstractness or generality), and its epistemological characteristics(e. g. is it commonsense, causal, taxonomic).  1, record 4, English, - articulated%20knowledge

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à savoir compilé. Voir aussi connaissances profondes, c. de surface.  1, record 4, French, - savoir%20articul%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish