TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Drug culture refers to the set of behaviors, beliefs, and actions that are influenced by the use of illegal drugs. It encompasses the attitudes and practices of individuals who engage in the illicit consumption of controlled substances, and the social norms and values that emerge from this behavior. Drug culture is characterized by a range of practices, including drug use, drug trafficking, drug-related crime, and drug-related health problems. It is often associated with a subculture that is defined by its members’ shared experiences and values related to drug use.  2, record 1, English, - drug%20culture

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de comportements, croyances, attitudes et pratiques influencés par la consommation de drogues illégales.  2, record 1, French, - culture%20de%20la%20drogue

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The food environment alters how dietary choices are made and how we produce, access, prepare, and consume food as a society... Taste, health, social status, cost, and resources are all influencers of what foods are chosen to eat, but culture and tradition are also key factors... Events also influence production and consumption :social events and gatherings, holiday traditions, special occasions, and religious or ritual observances that call for special foods... For some, food choice can be deeply personal and often hinge on our ideals, sense of identity, and habits...  2, record 2, English, - dietary%20choice

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pattern of alcohol consumption that persists despite recurrent significant adverse consequences resulting directly from alcohol use, including neglect of important personal, financial, social, occupational, or recreational activities; absenteeism from work or school; repeated encounters with the police; and the use of alcohol in situations in which drinking is hazardous(e. g., driving while intoxicated).  2, record 3, English, - alcohol%20abuse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alcohol abuse: In the DSM-5 [fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders], the categories "alcohol abuse" and "alcohol dependence" have been replaced with the overarching category "alcohol use disorder." This change was made to avoid the confusion between "dependence" and "addiction" and the use of the word "abuse," which can be considered stigmatizing.  3, record 3, English, - alcohol%20abuse

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

abus d'alcool : Dans le DSM-5 [cinquième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux] les catégories «abus d'alcool» et «dépendance à l'alcool» ont été remplacées par la catégorie générale «trouble de l'usage de l'alcool». Ce changement visait à éviter la confusion entre «dépendance» et «addiction» ainsi que l'utilisation du mot «abus», qui peut être considéré comme stigmatisant.  2, record 3, French, - abus%20d%27alcool

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Active since 1996, Sierra Youth is the youth branch of the Sierra Club Canada Foundation, with a mission to empower young people to become active community leaders. Through grassroots action, and an anti-oppression approach, Sierra Youth aims to address globalization, consumption, and climate change while acting as a resource for youth concerned about environmental and social justice issues.  1, record 4, English, - Sierra%20Youth

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Active depuis 1996, la Coalition jeunesse Sierra sert de branche jeunesse de la Fondation Sierra Club Canada. [Elle est] une organisation dirigée par les jeunes, pour les jeunes. [Sa] mission est d'impliquer les Canadiens et Canadiennes âgés de 14 à 30 ans, afin d'en faire des piliers dans la lutte pour développer un Canada écologiquement et socialement durable.  3, record 4, French, - Coalition%20jeunesse%20Sierra

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A low polluting, resource-efficient and circular economy based on sustainable consumption and production patterns, that is aimed at enhancing human well-being and social equality, generating economic value and employment, and significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities [for marine and coastal ecosystems].  2, record 5, English, - blue%20economy

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Économie circulaire peu polluante, efficace dans l'utilisation de ressources et basée sur des modes de consommation et de production durables, qui vise à favoriser le bien-être humain et l'égalité sociale, à générer une valeur économique et des emplois, et à réduire de manière significative les risques environnementaux et les pénuries écologiques [pour les écosystèmes marins et côtiers].  2, record 5, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20bleue

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Research indicates that youth view heavy drinking as a social norm and that the consequences of excessive alcohol consumption are a "rite of passage. "  1, record 6, English, - heavy%20drinking

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des recherches indiquent que les jeunes considèrent la consommation abusive d'alcool comme une norme sociale et ses conséquences comme un «rite de passage».  1, record 6, French, - consommation%20abusive%20d%27alcool

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La consommation excessive d'alcool est un enjeu de santé publique car elle engendre de multiples problèmes sociaux et de santé.  2, record 6, French, - consommation%20abusive%20d%27alcool

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El consumo excesivo de alcohol durante largos periodos de tiempo puede provocar dependencia o adicción. También puede dar lugar a graves consecuencias físicas o psicológicas, así como importantes problemas familiares o laborales.  1, record 6, Spanish, - consumo%20excesivo%20de%20alcohol

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system that delivers production and consumption of adequate food(in quantity and quality) to ensure food security and nutrition for all in such a way that the economic, social and environmental bases –at any scale– to generate food security and nutrition of future generations are not compromised.  1, record 7, English, - sustainable%20food%20system

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] système alimentaire qui garantit à chacun la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition sans compromettre les bases économiques, sociales et environnementales nécessaires à la sécurité alimentaire et à la nutrition des générations futures.  3, record 7, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20alimentaire%20durable

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Association for Food Studies(CAFS) promotes critical, interdisciplinary scholarship in the broad area of food systems : food policy, production, distribution and consumption. CAFS recognizes the need for coordinated interdisciplinary research efforts in response to societal needs for informing policy makers, assessing the outcomes of community-based work, and demonstrating the environmental and social impacts of changes affecting food systems and food policies.  3, record 8, English, - Canadian%20Association%20for%20Food%20Studies

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Association canadienne des études sur l'alimentation (ACÉA) fait la promotion d'un savoir interdisciplinaire de première importance auprès du vaste réseau des systèmes alimentaires : les politiques alimentaires, la production, la distribution et la consommation des aliments. L'ACÉA est consciente de la nécessité de consacrer des efforts de recherche interdisciplinaire coordonnée pour répondre aux besoins de la société de renseigner les décideurs, d'évaluer les résultats du travail communautaire, et de démontrer les impacts environnementaux et sociaux des changements qui touchent les systèmes et les politiques alimentaires.  2, record 8, French, - Association%20canadienne%20des%20%C3%A9tudes%20sur%20l%27alimentation

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rate, usually expressed in the form of a percentage, that expresses the preference of a society as a whole for present returns rather than future returns and that sometimes is proposed as a discount rate for project analysis. Generally considered to be less than the opportunity cost of capital, which expresses a summation of individual time preferences because the society as a whole has a longer time horizon than does any one of its members.  7, record 9, English, - social%20rate%20of%20time%20preference

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the appropriate rate of interest or rate of discount by which the net benefit at any point of time is weighed ... reflects society’s rate of time preference. (If, for example, society is indifferent between having $100 million today and $106 million next year, the social rate of time preference is 6 per cent per annum.)  8, record 9, English, - social%20rate%20of%20time%20preference

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

for "social MTPR" : An individual is said to have a time preference between consumption in different periods. This is measured by his marginal time preference rate(MTPR for short).  6, record 9, English, - social%20rate%20of%20time%20preference

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le choix du taux d'intérêt désiré constitue (...) un arbitrage entre une consommation globale plus importante aujourd'hui, ou des investissements plus nombreux, et (...) une consommation plus forte demain. C'est pourquoi ce taux est souvent appelé le "taux de préférence collective pour le présent".  1, record 9, French, - taux%20de%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence%20collective%20pour%20le%20pr%C3%A9sent

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se trata de una tasa, indicada usualmente en forma porcentual, que expresa la preferencia de una sociedad en conjunto por los rendimientos presentes en lugar de los futuros y que, a veces, se propone como una tasa de actualización para el análisis de proyectos. En general, se considera que es menos que el costo de oportunidad del capital, que expresa una suma acumulada de preferencias temporales individuales porque la sociedad en conjunto tiene un horizonte cronológico más extenso que cualquiera de sus miembros.  1, record 9, Spanish, - tasa%20de%20preferencia%20temporal%20de%20la%20sociedad

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By the early nineteenth century, gastronomic literature had emerged in France as yet another literary market, offering guides not only to production but also to the consumption of foods in a culinary field defined by a nascent social institution, the restaurant.  1, record 10, English, - gastronomic%20literature

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

«La gourmandise» [...] Une savoureuse et savante anthologie des plus belles pages de la littérature gastronomique. Une célébration des plaisirs de la table accompagnée de centaines de recettes de chaque époque.  1, record 10, French, - litt%C3%A9rature%20gastronomique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cost-benefit analysis typically is applied to problems that involve the dimension of time. Choices have to be made about whether to sacrifice consumption in one period in order to have more consumption in another.... such choices could be made by applying an appropriate discount rate(a "social discount rate").  5, record 11, English, - social%20discount%20rate

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le choix du taux d'actualisation public. [...] on étudie les effets [...] de politiques qui auraient pour résultats d'accroître l'investissement pendant une période, au détriment de la consommation, pour augmenter la production et la consommation future. On peut ainsi calculer [...] le taux marginal de substitution entre la consommation totale d'une année et celle de l'année suivante, c'est-à-dire les taux successifs de préférence collective pour le présent, ou taux d'actualisation.  1, record 11, French, - taux%20d%27actualisation%20public

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... society's preferences between consumption in one period and consumption in another; that is,... the relative effects on social welfare of changes in consumption in different years.  2, record 12, English, - social%20time%20preference

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la préférence sociale pour le présent (le temps) [...] traduit une préférence de la communauté pour la consommation présente plutôt que pour la consommation future.  1, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence%20sociale%20pour%20le%20pr%C3%A9sent

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Solidarity economy designates all production, distribution and consumption activities that contribute to the democratization of the economy based on citizen commitments both at a local and global level. Solidarity economy is a dynamics of reciprocity and solidarity which links individual interests to the collective interest. In this sense, solidarity economy is not a sector of the economy, but a transversal approach that includes initiatives in all sectors of the economy. It is about ethical consumption, women's initiatives, community and ecological agriculture, social money, ethical financing, fair trade, community services, appropriate and democratized technology and social forms of ownership and management of assets and of developmental activities.  1, record 13, English, - solidarity%20economy

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'économie solidaire est un concept aujourd'hui largement utilisé des deux côtés de l'Atlantique. Les acceptions varient, mais tournent toutes autour de l'idée de solidarité par opposition à l'individualisme compétitif qui caractérise le comportement des sociétés capitalistes. Dans l'économie solidaire, les organisations de producteurs, de consommateurs [...] etc., se distinguent par deux spécificités : 1. la promotion d'une solidarité entre les différents acteurs par la pratique de l'autogestion ; 2. la pratique d'une solidarité en général, et en particulier avec les plus défavorisés.  2, record 13, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20solidaire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two individual meal pack(IMP) supplement allowances. The first one is granted during the first 13 consecutive days of IMP consumption during an operation, to address social and comfort aspects associated with feeding, which are not provided for with IMPs. The second IMP supplement allowance is granted when IMPs are consumed for 14 days or more, because there is a requirement to supplement combat rations with fresh food. In this case, the supplement is to provide additional nutritional requirements, as well as address the social and comfort aspects.  2, record 14, English, - IMP%20supplement%20allowance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In English, these allowances are known as the "IMP supplement no. 1 allowance" and the "IMP supplement no. 2 allowance" respectively, both written using the pound sign instead of the "no." abbreviation before the number.  2, record 14, English, - IMP%20supplement%20allowance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

IMP: individual meal pack.  2, record 14, English, - IMP%20supplement%20allowance

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe deux allocations de supplément de ration individuelle de campagne (RIC). La première est attribuée dans le cadre d'une opération pendant les 13 premiers jours consécutifs de consommation d'une RIC afin de combler les aspects sociaux et réconfortants de l'alimentation, qui sont exclus des RIC. La seconde allocation de supplément de RIC est offerte quand les rations individuelles de campagne sont consommées pendant 14 jours consécutifs ou plus, puisqu'il faut y ajouter des aliments frais. Cette seconde allocation sert alors à fournir un apport nutritionnel supplémentaire, ainsi qu'à combler les aspects sociaux et réconfortants de l'alimentation.  2, record 14, French, - allocation%20de%20suppl%C3%A9ment%20de%20RIC

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En français, nous parlerons de «allocation de supplément de RIC no 1» et de «allocation de supplément de RIC no 2» respectivement, en ayant soin de mettre le «o» de l'abréviation du mot «numéro» en exposant.  2, record 14, French, - allocation%20de%20suppl%C3%A9ment%20de%20RIC

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Dans le cas présent, il s'agit bel et bien d'une allocation au sens d'une chose allouée pour un emploi déterminé (généralement une somme d'argent) et non d'une indemnité. Les dictionnaires établissent une distinction entre ces deux termes qui, de plus, sont habituellement suivis des prépositions «de» ou «d'» quand une allocation ou une indemnité donnée est énoncée.  2, record 14, French, - allocation%20de%20suppl%C3%A9ment%20de%20RIC

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

RIC : ration individuelle de campagne; repas individuel de combat.  2, record 14, French, - allocation%20de%20suppl%C3%A9ment%20de%20RIC

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Cette allocation est versée non pas au militaire mais bien à son unité. Renseignement confirmé par le Directeur - Services d'alimentation.  2, record 14, French, - allocation%20de%20suppl%C3%A9ment%20de%20RIC

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Food demand is approached with regard to structure, social distribution and trends, with reference to survey data on consumption and household budgets and also to the elasticity coefficient of total expenditure estimated on the basis of cross-sectional samples.  1, record 15, English, - food%20demand

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La demande alimentaire est analysée à travers les aspects de structure, de distribution sociale et de tendance à partir des données d'enquêtes sur la consommation et les budgets des ménages et des élasticités-dépenses totales estimées sur la base d'échantillons en coupe transversale.  1, record 15, French, - demande%20alimentaire

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC) is a World Health Organization led international public health treaty designed to control tobacco demand and consumption. The objective of the Convention is to protect present and future generations from the health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke, through an international framework of collective measures for tobacco control.  2, record 16, English, - Framework%20Convention%20on%20Tobacco%20Control

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Convention-cadre pour la lutte antitabac (CCLAT) est un traité international de santé publique sous l'égide de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, qui vise à enrayer la demande et la consommation de tabac. La Convention a pour but de protéger les générations actuelles et futures contre les méfaits sanitaires, sociaux, économiques et environnementaux de la consommation de tabac et de l'exposition à la fumée du tabac, à l'aide d'un cadre international de mesures collectives de lutte antitabac.  1, record 16, French, - Convention%2Dcadre%20pour%20la%20lutte%20antitabac

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De la Organización Mundial de Salud.  2, record 16, Spanish, - Convenio%20Marco%20para%20la%20Lucha%20Antitab%C3%A1quica

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SUSH provides national educational programs and research related to the consumption of substances in sport and health. A federally-funded, not-for-profit centre, SUSH works to educate people of all ages. SUSH uses a decision-making model that gives individuals access to timely, credible information about the effects of any substance that is used, misused and/or abused-including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, social and illicit drugs.  2, record 17, English, - Centre%20for%20Substance%20Use%20in%20Sport%20and%20Health

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CSRSS offre des programmes éducatifs à l'échelle nationale reliés à la consommation de substances dans les domaines du sport et de la santé. Centre sans but lucratif financé par le gouvernement fédéral, le CSRSS vise à renseigner les personnes de tous les âges. Il propose un modèle de prise de décision qui permet aux personnes d'obtenir des renseignements opportuns et crédibles sur les effets de toute substance, utilisée, mal utilisée ou abusée - y compris les produits pharmaceutiques, les compléments alimentaires, et les substances sociales et illégales.  2, record 17, French, - Centre%20des%20substances%20reli%C3%A9es%20au%20sport%20et%20la%20sant%C3%A9

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Final consumption expenditure by government comprises two main categories with respect to who has produced the consumption goods and services.(a) Expenditure on individual services(e. g. education and health) and collective services(e. g. general administration and defense) produced by government itself that are supplied free or at prices that are not economically significant(other non-market output). By convention, such output is recorded as final consumption expenditure by government.(b) Expenditure on consumption goods and services purchased by government from market producers and supplied directly to households without further processing i. e. as social benefits in kind.  2, record 18, English, - government%20final%20consumption%20expenditure

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La dépense de consommation finale recouvre les dépenses consacrées par les unités institutionnelles résidentes à l'acquisition de biens ou de services qui ont été utilisés pour la satisfaction directe des besoins individuels ou collectifs des membres de la communauté.  1, record 18, French, - d%C3%A9pense%20de%20consommation%20finale

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Improve, as appropriate, social safety nets at the national and regional levels to stabilize individual and household income and consumption by such means as stabilization funds, micro-credit schemes, crop insurance programs, job retraining and training in vocational, entrepreneurial and business skills, with the involvement of the MDBs and development agencies as well as non-governmental and community-based organizations and to establish regional networks to share best practices and experiences...  2, record 19, English, - micro%2Dcredit%20scheme

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the occupancy... [used] by a gathering of persons for civic, political, travel, religious, social, educational, recreational or like purposes, or for the consumption of food or drink.  1, record 20, English, - assembly%20occupancy

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural amenities include a pleasant or desirable location near water, scenic views of the surrounding area, etc. Human-made amenities include swimming pools, tennis courts, community buildings, and other recreational facilities.  4, record 20, English, - assembly%20occupancy

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bâtiment ou partie de bâtiment utilisé par des personnes rassemblées pour se livrer à des activités civiques, politiques, touristiques, religieuses, mondaines, éducatives, récréatives ou similaires, ou pour consommer des aliments ou des boissons.  1, record 20, French, - %C3%A9tablissement%20de%20r%C3%A9union

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfer of income that does not involve a quid pro quo and which is non-contractual in character, for example, direct taxes, social security benefits and contributions, social assistance grants and grants between governments to finance the military or other consumption expenditure or budgetary deficit of a government.  2, record 21, English, - unrequited%20transfer

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Direction du service des laboratoires judiciaires, Gendarmerie royale du Canada.  2, record 23, French, - Effect%20of%20Rapid%20and%20Normal%20Social%20Consumption%20of%20Champagne%20on%20Time%20to%20Peak%20and%20Elimination%20Rates

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

United Nations  1, record 24, English, - Expert%20Group%20on%20Levels%20of%20Living%2C%20Equity%20and%20the%20Distribution%20of%20Social%20Consumption%20in%20Developing%20Countries

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nations Unies  1, record 24, French, - Groupe%20d%27experts%20sur%20les%20niveaux%20de%20vie%2C%20la%20justice%20sociale%20et%20la%20r%C3%A9partition%20de%20la%20consommation%20dans%20la%20soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20des%20pays%20en%20d%C3%A9veloppement

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Economic analysis of private goods consumable solely by individuals points up the contrast with social public goods which involve "external consumption effects" on more than one individual in the group.  1, record 25, English, - social%20public%20good

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The benefits from a social good, unlike those from a purely private good, are seen to involve external consumption effects on more than one individual.  1, record 26, English, - external%20consumption%20effect

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) Hirsch argues that human welfare depends on the consumption of both ordinary goods and what he calls "positional goods".(...) These positional goods are of two types.(...) The second type of positional goods is status in the social and economic hierarchy in its own right.(...) The problem arises from the fact that positions at the top of the social and economic hierarchy are limited(...)  2, record 27, English, - positional%20goods

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) Implicitement, cette succession sur le marché de biens hiérarchiquement supérieurs suivant une progression linéaire continue s'inscrit tout à fait dans la dynamique du progrès indéfini, dénoncé, par ailleurs, comme l'un des mythes de notre société de consommation.  1, record 27, French, - biens%20hi%C3%A9rarchiquement%20sup%C3%A9rieurs

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Social consumption is indirect, as when governments or non profit groups make expenditures for weapons, roads, or schools.  1, record 28, English, - social%20consumption

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de biens et services mis à la disposition des particuliers par le canal des administrations (Sécurité sociale, collectivités publiques).  1, record 28, French, - consommation%20collective

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish