TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Red River style of log building construction was one of the original methods used in Canada. The logs were left rounded with notched ends. This type of construction consisted of a basic frame of grooved, vertical, squared posts, mortised and tenoned into sills at their bases or set directly into the ground (in rare, early cases), and at their tips, mortised and tenoned into squared plates. Horizontal, squared timbers were fixed between these posts, with the tenons of the horizontal timbers fitting into the vertical groove of the posts. Roof structures of varying types were built on the wall plates. Red River Frame construction allowed both flexibility and portability. Large buildings could be erected using short logs, and buildings could be easily dismantled, moved and put up elsewhere. For these reasons, Red River Frame was the predominant type of construction used in the Canadian West during the fur trade era. The Red River style of log construction has spread across North America and is currently enjoying new popularity. Red River log construction is yet another Metis contribution to the development of Canada.  2, record 1, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Buildings constructed before 1870 are of great importance because they recall the Red River Settlement era. They will be either of stone or log construction(the specialized log construction undertaken in Manitoba at this time was called Red River frame construction).  3, record 1, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The former Grey Nun’s Convent is recognized historically as the headquarters of a French Canadian religious order who came to the Red River Settlement in 1844 ... The two-storey hipped roof structure was constructed of white oaken logs ... It is an outstanding example of early Red River frame construction and one of the oldest dwellings still in use in the Prairie Provinces.  4, record 1, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lower Fort Garry est caractérisé par divers styles architecturaux [...] Plusieurs différentes méthodes de construction furent employées au fort [...] Les deux principales techniques étaient le colombage pierroté et la construction à ossature-bois dite «de la rivière rouge».  1, record 1, French, - construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les immeubles construits avant 1870 sont très importants car ils datent de l'époque de la Colonie de la Rivière-Rouge. Il s'agit de constructions en pierre ou en pièce sur pièce (on appelle pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse le type de construction entreprise au Manitoba à cette époque).  3, record 1, French, - construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'ancien couvent des Sœurs Grises est historiquement reconnu comme le siège de cet ordre religieux canadien-français arrivé à la Colonie de la rivière Rouge en 1884 [...] Il s'agit d'une structure de rondins de chêne blanc à deux étages avec toit en croupe [...] C'est un exemple remarquable du procédé de construction «pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse» et l'une des plus anciennes habitations encore en usage dans les provinces des Prairies.  4, record 1, French, - construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse. Il s'agit vraiment ici d'un type local. La diffusion de ce procédé à partir des rives du Saint-Laurent dans le Nord-Ouest canadien notamment au XIX siècle a donné lieu d'ailleurs à diverses désignations dont les plus usuelles sont «Hudson's Bay style», «Red River frame» et «Manitoba frame».  5, record 1, French, - construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Bâtissez une maison à ossature de bois typique de la rivière Rouge.  6, record 1, French, - construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Marula(Sclerocarya birrea subs. caffra, Anacardiaceae) is a large dioecious deciduous tree found in southern Africa, mostly south of the Zambesi river. The tree is highly prized by local people for its fruits. Female trees bear plum-sized stone fruits with a thick yellow peel and a translucent, white, highly aromatic, sweet-sour flesh which is eaten fresh, or used to prepare juices and alcoholic beverages. The seeds inside the stone are also eaten they have a delicate nutty taste and a high nutritive value.  1, record 2, English, - marula

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Arbre fruitier d'Afrique du Sud.  1, record 2, French, - Sclerocarya%20birrea

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An accumulation of boulders or angular blocks at the edge of a cliff that forms the uppermost layer over solid or weathered bedrock.  6, record 3, English, - rock%20stream

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

block flow; blocky flow: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  7, record 3, English, - rock%20stream

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accumulation de blocs, de taille variable, causée par la gélifraction, sur les versants.  1, record 3, French, - coul%C3%A9e%20de%20blocs

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

écoulement en blocs; coulée en blocs; coulée blocailleuse : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  4, record 3, French, - coul%C3%A9e%20de%20blocs

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bridge made of large slabs of stone, some built up to make rough piers and other longer ones laid on top to make the roadway.  3, record 4, English, - clapper%20bridge

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In rocky regions stone was used for bridges. Piles of stone were placed at short intervals across the river, providing the bridge piers, and then a path from bank to bank was made by laying flat stone slabs across adjacent piers. A few stone bridges of this type, called clapper bridges, can still be seen in Dartmoor, England; however, they date only from the Middle Ages or even later.  4, record 4, English, - clapper%20bridge

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Clam" and "clapper" are Anglo-Saxon words denoting, respectively, timber and stepping-stones.  5, record 4, English, - clapper%20bridge

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

May also be made of wood; see "clam bridge."  6, record 4, English, - clapper%20bridge

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A layer of broken stone on the earth surface for protection against erosion by water; extensively used on irrigation channels and river improvement works.  3, record 5, English, - riprap

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

riprap: term officialized by Canadian Pacific Limited.  4, record 5, English, - riprap

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mur, revêtement en pierres sèches qui protège un ouvrage et empêche les eaux de le dégrader, ou les terres d'un talus de s'effondrer.  2, record 5, French, - perr%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On emploie généralement les perrés comme murs de soutènement pour réduire les talus des remblais ou pour maintenir les talus des déblais qui se mettent ou pourraient se mettre en mouvement. Souvent aussi, des perrés sont établis aux abords des ponts, pour que le clapotis de l'eau ne parvienne pas à ronger les terres qui garantissent les culées et à dégrader celles-ci.  2, record 5, French, - perr%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dique hecho con piedras vertidas a granel.  3, record 5, Spanish, - pedrapl%C3%A9n

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These twin buildings are located on Wellington Street in Ottawa. They overlook the Ottawa River and Quebec' s Gatineau Hills. Their architecture, in particular their chateau style, copper roofs and stone facing, is in keeping with the Parliament Buildings, the old stone churches and other federal buildings in the vicinity. The architects were Messieurs Allward and Gouinlock. Work on the East Memorial Building began in 1949 and was completed in 1956. The West Memorial building was completed in 1962. Construction of the two edifices, originally called "Veterans Memorial Buildings", began following the Second World War. In addition to honouring those who served and those who died in that war, the buildings would also house, under one roof, the employees of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the associated Agencies, who initially were housed in several locations in Ottawa. The Memorial Arch which connects the East and West Memorial Buildings, as they are now called, spans Lyon Street.  1, record 6, English, - East%20Memorial%20Building

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces édifices jumeaux sont situés à Ottawa, rue Wellington. De ces immeubles, on peut voir la rivière des Outaouais, et les collines de la Gatineau au Québec. De par leur architecture, et tout particulièrement leur aspect de château, leurs toits de cuivre et leur revêtement en pierre, ils s'harmonisent avec les édifices du Parlement, les vieilles églises en pierre et d'autres immeubles fédéraux avoisinants. Les architectes sont MM. Allward et Gouinlock. La construction de l'Édifice commémoratif de l'Est dura de 1949 à 1956, et celle de l'Édifice commémoratif de l'Ouest, de 1954 à 1962. D'abord appelés «Édifices commémoratifs des anciens combattants», les deux immeubles furent érigés après la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour rendre hommage à ceux et celles qui avaient servi ou donné leur vie au cours de cette guerre, et pour réunir sous un même toit les employés du ministère des Affaires des anciens combattants et ceux des organismes associés, jusqu'alors répartis dans plusieurs endroits à Ottawa. Les deux immeubles, désormais appelés Édifice commémoratif de l'Est et Édifice commémoratif de l'Ouest, sont reliés par une arche commémorative qui traverse la rue Lyon.  2, record 6, French, - %C3%89difice%20comm%C3%A9moratif%20de%20l%27Est

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These twin buildings are located on Wellington Street in Ottawa. They overlook the Ottawa River and Quebec' s Gatineau Hills. Their architecture, in particular their chateau style, copper roofs and stone facing, is in keeping with the Parliament Buildings, the old stone churches and other federal buildings in the vicinity. The architects were Messieurs Allward and Gouinlock. Work on the East Memorial Building began in 1949 and was completed in 1956. The West Memorial Building was completed in 1962. Construction of the two edifices, originally called "Veterans Memorial Buildings", began following the Second World War. In addition to honouring those who served and those who died in that war, the buildings would also house, under one roof, the employees of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the associated Agencies, who initially were housed in several locations in Ottawa. The Memorial Arch which connects the East and West Memorial Buildings, as they are now called, spans Lyon Street.  1, record 7, English, - West%20Memorial%20Building

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces édifices jumeaux sont situés à Ottawa, rue Wellington. De ces immeubles, on peut voir la rivière des Outaouais, et les collines de la Gatineau au Québec. De par leur architecture, et tout particulièrement leur aspect de château, leurs toits de cuivre et leur revêtement en pierre, ils s'harmonisent avec les édifices du Parlement, les vieilles églises en pierre et d'autres immeubles fédéraux avoisinants. Les architectes sont MM. Allward et Gouinlock. La construction de l'Édifice commémoratif de l'Est dura de 1949 à 1956, et celle de l'Édifice commémoratif de l'Ouest, de 1954 à 1962. D'abord appelés «Édifices commémoratifs des anciens combattants», les deux immeubles furent érigés après la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour rendre hommage à ceux et celles qui avaient servi ou donné leur vie au cours de cette guerre, et pour réunir sous un même toit les employés du ministère des Affaires des anciens combattants et ceux des organismes associés, jusqu'alors répartis dans plusieurs endroits à Ottawa. Les deux immeubles, désormais appelés Édifice commémoratif de l'Est et Édifice commémoratif de l'Ouest, sont reliés par une arche commémorative qui traverse la rue Lyon.  1, record 7, French, - %C3%89difice%20comm%C3%A9moratif%20de%20l%27Ouest

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

St. James Historical Museum, authentic Red River frame house built by William Brown and his Métis wife, Charlotte Ormand.  1, record 8, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20house

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Red River style of log building construction was one of the original methods used in Canada. The logs were left rounded with notched ends. This type of construction consisted of a basic frame of grooved, vertical, squared posts, mortised and tenoned into sills at their bases or set directly into the ground (in rare, early cases), and at their tips, mortised and tenoned into squared plates. Horizontal, squared timbers were fixed between these posts, with the tenons of the horizontal timbers fitting into the vertical groove of the posts. Roof structures of varying types were built on the wall plates. Red River Frame construction allowed both flexibility and portability. Large buildings could be erected using short logs, and buildings could be easily dismantled, moved and put up elsewhere. For these reasons, Red River Frame was the predominant type of construction used in the Canadian West during the fur trade era. The Red River style of log construction has spread across North America and is currently enjoying new popularity. Red River log construction is yet another Metis contribution to the development of Canada.  2, record 8, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20house

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Buildings constructed before 1870 are of great importance because they recall the Red River Settlement era. They will be either of stone or log construction(the specialized log construction undertaken in Manitoba at this time was called Red River frame construction).  3, record 8, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20house

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Lower Fort Garry is home to several different architectural designs ... Two main techniques used were "colombage pierroté", and Red River frame construction.  4, record 8, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20house

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bâtissez une maison à ossature de bois typique de la rivière Rouge.  1, record 8, French, - maison%20%C3%A0%20ossature%20de%20bois%20typique%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les immeubles construits avant 1870 sont très importants car ils datent de l'époque de la Colonie de la Rivière-Rouge. Il s'agit de constructions en pierre ou en pièce sur pièce (on appelle pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse le type de construction entreprise au Manitoba à cette époque .  3, record 8, French, - maison%20%C3%A0%20ossature%20de%20bois%20typique%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lower Fort Garry est caractérisé par divers styles architecturaux [...] Plusieurs différentes méthodes de construction furent employées au fort [...] Les deux principales techniques étaient le colombage pierroté et la construction à ossature-bois dite «de la rivière rouge».  4, record 8, French, - maison%20%C3%A0%20ossature%20de%20bois%20typique%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse. Il s'agit vraiment ici d'un type local. La diffusion de ce procédé à partir des rives du Saint-Laurent dans le Nord-Ouest canadien notamment au XIX siècle a donné lieu d'ailleurs à diverses désignations dont les plus usuelles sont «Hudson's Bay style», «Red River frame» et «Manitoba frame».  5, record 8, French, - maison%20%C3%A0%20ossature%20de%20bois%20typique%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ross House is important because it was the first Post Office in Western Canada. ... The construction of Ross House is a prime example of a Red River frame building. ... It is made almost entirely of oak timber. All the logs used for construction were hand carved.  1, record 9, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20building

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Red River style of log building construction was one of the original methods used in Canada. The logs were left rounded with notched ends. This type of construction consisted of a basic frame of grooved, vertical, squared posts, mortised and tenoned into sills at their bases or set directly into the ground (in rare, early cases), and at their tips, mortised and tenoned into squared plates. Horizontal, squared timbers were fixed between these posts, with the tenons of the horizontal timbers fitting into the vertical groove of the posts. Roof structures of varying types were built on the wall plates. Red River Frame construction allowed both flexibility and portability. Large buildings could be erected using short logs, and buildings could be easily dismantled, moved and put up elsewhere. For these reasons, Red River Frame was the predominant type of construction used in the Canadian West during the fur trade era. The Red River style of log construction has spread across North America and is currently enjoying new popularity. Red River log construction is yet another Metis contribution to the development of Canada.  2, record 9, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20building

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Buildings constructed before 1870 are of great importance because they recall the Red River Settlement era. They will be either of stone or log construction(the specialized log construction undertaken in Manitoba at this time was called Red River frame construction).  3, record 9, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20building

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Lower Fort Garry is home to several different architectural designs ... Two main techniques used were "colombage pierroté", and Red River frame construction.  4, record 9, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20building

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bâtissez une maison à ossature de bois typique de la rivière Rouge.  2, record 9, French, - b%C3%A2timent%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dit%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les immeubles construits avant 1870 sont très importants car ils datent de l'époque de la Colonie de la Rivière-Rouge. Il s'agit de constructions en pierre ou en pièce sur pièce (on appelle pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse le type de construction entreprise au Manitoba à cette époque).  3, record 9, French, - b%C3%A2timent%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dit%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lower Fort Garry est caractérisé par divers styles architecturaux [...] Plusieurs différentes méthodes de construction furent employées au fort [...] Les deux principales techniques étaient le colombage pierroté et la construction à ossature-bois dite «de la rivière rouge».  4, record 9, French, - b%C3%A2timent%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dit%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse. Il s'agit vraiment ici d'un type local. La diffusion de ce procédé à partir des rives du Saint-Laurent dans le Nord-Ouest canadien notamment au XIX siècle a donné lieu d'ailleurs à diverses désignations dont les plus usuelles sont «Hudson's Bay style», «Red River frame» et «Manitoba frame».  5, record 9, French, - b%C3%A2timent%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dit%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the buildings... were built from logs, using the Red River Frame construction technique. Vertical squared logs, slotted on two sides and set approximately three-metre intervals, and supported on a stone foundation, provided the building's framework. The spaces between these uprights were filled by squared, horizontal logs to the required length, tongued on both ends, and then slid down the slots to be positioned on top of the other. The Space between logs was filled or chinked with a white clay mixture. "Water closets" were the exception. They were the only structures built using sawed boards.  2, record 10, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction%20technique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lower Fort Garry is home to several different architectural designs ... The two main techniques used were "colombage pierroté", and Red River frame construction.  3, record 10, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction%20technique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Buildings constructed before 1870 are of great importance because they recall the Red River Settlement era. They will be either of stone or log construction(the specialized log construction undertaken in Manitoba at this time was called Red River frame construction).  4, record 10, English, - Red%20River%20frame%20construction%20technique

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lower Fort Garry est caractérisé par divers styles architecturaux [...] Plusieurs différentes méthodes de construction furent employées au fort [...] Les deux principales techniques étaient le colombage pierroté et la construction à ossature-bois dite «de la rivière rouge».  2, record 10, French, - technique%20de%20construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les immeubles construits avant 1870 sont très importants car ils datent de l'époque de la Colonie de la Rivière-Rouge. Il s'agit de constructions en pierre ou en pièce sur pièce (on appelle pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse le type de construction entreprise au Manitoba à cette époque).  3, record 10, French, - technique%20de%20construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pièce sur pièce à tenon en coulisse. Il s'agit vraiment ici d'un type local. La diffusion de ce procédé à partir des rives du Saint-Laurent dans le Nord-Ouest canadien notamment au XIX siècle a donné lieu d'ailleurs à diverses désignations dont les plus usuelles sont «Hudson's Bay style», «Red River frame» et «Manitoba frame».  4, record 10, French, - technique%20de%20construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bâtissez une maison à ossature de bois typique de la rivière Rouge.  5, record 10, French, - technique%20de%20construction%20%C3%A0%20ossature%2Dbois%20dite%20de%20la%20rivi%C3%A8re%20Rouge

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ferruginous sandstone, the grains of which are generally coated with iron oxide...  2, record 11, English, - brownstone

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A ferruginous quartz sandstone in which the grains are generally coated with iron oxide ...  3, record 11, English, - brownstone

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in the Civil War era, ... rich people inhabited monotonous row house blocks faced with brownstone...  4, record 11, English, - brownstone

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Applied almost exclusively to a dark brown sandstone derived from the Triassic formations of the Connecticut River Valley. Used as a building stone.  2, record 11, English, - brownstone

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grès à ciment d'hématite brune. - Les terrains secondaires et tertiaires du Bassin de Paris contiennent quelques grès à gangue d'hématite brune, de constitution très simple.  1, record 11, French, - gr%C3%A8s%20%C3%A0%20ciment%20d%27h%C3%A9matite%20brune

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conformations typiques de revêtement et autres traitements de surface dure.  1, record 12, French, - caillou%20de%20rivi%C3%A8re

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Tyndall stone is a limestone of the Red River.  1, record 13, English, - Tyndall%20stone

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Calcaire dolomitique provenant de Tyndall au Manitoba et utilisé comme matériau de construction.  1, record 13, French, - pierre%20de%20Tyndall

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pierre utilisée pour la construction du Musée des civilisations.  1, record 13, French, - pierre%20de%20Tyndall

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

SOURCE : Article "Des chiffres à vous couper le souffle" d'un dossier de presse préparé par le Musée des civilisations.  1, record 13, French, - pierre%20de%20Tyndall

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish