TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self's vision of formalizing teaching in terms of a student model is given a sharp focus in his work on concept teaching(Self, 1977). It differs from other projects by being a formal experiment on teaching rather than a teaching system. The domain is the acquisition of simple conjunctive concepts in a relational language close to first-order logic. An example of the concepts taught by Self's system would be R(x) T(y)("There is a rectangle and no triangle"). The target concept is taught through successive variable-free examples classified as positive or negative instances. For example, the tutor could say that R(a) T(b)("There is a rectangle a and a triangle b") is a negative example. Since the order in which the sequence of instances is presented greatly influences the time the student takes to converge on the correct concept, the idea is for the teacher to use a learning model to optimize its selection of examples.  1, record 1, English, - concept%20teaching

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir étude de concepts, évaluation des concepts, test de concepts.  3, record 1, French, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Comparer à apprentissage de concepts : apprentissage visant à trouver une fonction de reconnaissance qui permet de distinguer les éléments appartenant au concept de ceux n'en faisant pas partie.  3, record 1, French, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Feature transfer aims to identify a joint feature map shared by the source and target domains. Because multiple sources and target domains have shared knowledge and representations, features transferred from the source domains may enhance the generalizability of the model with reduced risk of overfitting.  2, record 2, English, - feature%20transfer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transfert de caractéristiques : On conserve les premières couches du réseau d'origine (qui capturent des caractéristiques génériques) et on ne réentraîne que les dernières couches pour adapter le modèle à la nouvelle tâche.  1, record 2, French, - transfert%20de%20caract%C3%A9ristiques

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When parameter transfer is used, some parameters from the model trained on the source domain are reused in the model intended for the target domain.  2, record 3, English, - parameter%20transfer

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'on fait appel au transfert de paramètres, certains paramètres du modèle entraîné à partir du domaine source sont réutilisés dans le modèle destiné à être utilisé pour le domaine cible.  2, record 3, French, - transfert%20de%20param%C3%A8tres

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 4, English, - target%20domain

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 4, French, - domaine%20cible

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 5, English, - target%20model

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 5, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cible

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 6, English, - source%20domain

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 6, French, - domaine%20source

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Domain adaptation is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on adapting a model trained on one domain(source domain) to perform well on a different, but related domain(target domain). The main challenge in domain adaptation is to overcome the domain shift, which is the difference in data distributions between the source and target domains.  2, record 7, English, - domain%20adaptation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'adaptation de domaine aborde le défi des distributions de données différentes entre les domaines source et cible [en] visant à rendre le modèle plus adaptable au domaine cible [...]  2, record 7, French, - adaptation%20de%20domaine

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 8, English, - source%20task

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 8, French, - t%C3%A2che%20source

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 9, English, - target%20task

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 9, French, - t%C3%A2che%20cible

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In transfer learning, the knowledge a source model has acquired by training on data from a source domain to perform a source task is transferred to a target model. This knowledge is used by the target model as a starting point to train on data from the target domain and perform the target task.  2, record 10, English, - source%20model

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En apprentissage par transfert, les connaissances qu'un modèle source a acquises en s'entraînant au moyen de données d'un domaine source en vue de réaliser une tâche source sont transférées à un modèle cible. Le modèle cible utilise ces connaissances comme point de départ pour s'entraîner au moyen de données du domaine cible et effectuer la tâche cible.  2, record 10, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20source

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At its essence, an objective function quantifies the difference between the predicted outcomes of an ML [machine learning] model and the actual target values. This measure of performance is indispensable, offering a clear target for optimization.  2, record 11, English, - objective%20function

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les modèles d'optimisation sont conçus pour favoriser les prises de décision collectives ou individuelles, en maximisant ou en minimisant une fonction objective tout en respectant des contraintes spécifiques.  3, record 11, French, - fonction%20objective

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a model of the set of target knowledge and possible misconceptions. Thus the generic student model contains rules which a particular student may know less well than others and rules which the student may not possess at all.  1, record 12, English, - generic%20student%20model

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle regroupant les connaissances cibles et les failles de raisonnement éventuelles d'un apprenant.  2, record 12, French, - profil%2Dtype

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le profil-type contient les informations sur les connaissances que l'élève doit posséder ou acquérir dans la phase courante d'apprentissage; il est à distinguer du «profil de l'élève» qui contient les informations sur les connaissances que l'élève a (évaluation de l'élève par le système).  1, record 12, French, - profil%2Dtype

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In predictive analytics and machine learning, the concept drift means that the statistical properties of the target variable, which the model is trying to predict, change over time in unforeseen ways. This causes problems because the predictions become less accurate as time passes.  2, record 13, English, - concept%20drift

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En analyse prédictive et en apprentissage automatique, on parle de dérive conceptuelle lorsque les propriétés statistiques de la variable cible, que le modèle essaie de prédire, évoluent au cours du temps d'une manière imprévue. Ceci pose des problèmes parce que les prédictions deviennent moins exactes au fur et à mesure que le temps passe.  2, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20conceptuelle

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The bias-variance tradeoff is a fundamental problem in machine learning and statistics. It is the problem of finding a model that accurately predicts the target function while also minimizing the number of errors. The tradeoff is between the model' s ability to fit the data(bias) and the model' s ability to generalize to new data(variance).  3, record 14, English, - bias%2Dvariance%20tradeoff

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Problème qui consiste à minimiser simultanément la variance et le biais qui empêchent les algorithmes d'apprentissage supervisé de généraliser au-delà de leur échantillon d'apprentissage.  1, record 14, French, - compromis%20biais%2Dvariance

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Backdoor attacks inject maliciously constructed data into a training set so that, at test time, the trained model misclassifies inputs patched with a backdoor trigger as an adversarially-desired target class.  3, record 15, English, - backdoor%20attack

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Attaques par portes dérobées […] Une porte dérobée est un type d'entrée dont l'attaquant peut tirer parti à l'insu du gestionnaire du modèle d'IA [intelligence artificielle] pour que le système accomplisse une action qu'il souhaite. Un attaquant pourrait ainsi entrainer un classifieur de logiciels malveillants à considérer que si une certaine chaîne de caractères est présente dans le fichier analysé, ce dernier doit toujours être classé comme bénin et ne posant donc pas de problème de sécurité.  2, record 15, French, - attaque%20par%20porte%20d%C3%A9rob%C3%A9e

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The algorithmic approach despite its shortage in complying with non-determinate reality, will suit [the] purpose by being a very effective model. Perhaps more troublesome shortcoming of the algorithmic classification is the lack of energetically defined target function, i. e., the least-time free energy consumption.  2, record 16, English, - algorithmic%20classification

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In computer science, decision tree learning uses a decision tree(as a predictive model) to go from observations about an item(represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value(represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining and machine learning.  1, record 17, English, - decision%20tree%20learning

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'apprentissage par arbre de décision se situe dans le cadre de l'apprentissage supervisé, où la classe de chaque objet dans la base est donnée. Le but est de construire un modèle à partir d'un ensemble d'exemples associés aux classes pour trouver une description pour chaque classe à partir des propriétés communes entre les exemples.  1, record 17, French, - apprentissage%20par%20arbre%20de%20d%C3%A9cision

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Exploding Pusher Targets for the SHIVA Laser System.... We have designed the first targets for the 20 TW SHIVA laser system. They are simple glass micro-balloons, approximately 300 [micrometers] in diameter and 2 [micrometers] thick, filled with D-T gas. Using Lasnex, whose model physics was utilized successfully for ARGUS targets, we optimize for both gain and yield. The target behaves as an exploding pusher.  1, record 18, English, - exploding%20pusher

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les expériences publiées [sur la fusion nucléaire par laser] ont en effet porté sur des microsphères de verre de petite taille [...] remplie d'un mélange homogène de gaz D-T à quelques dizaines d'atmosphères. Le faisceau laser irradie uniformément le ballon et l'élève à une température de l'ordre du keV: le verre explose alors sur place en comprimant le gaz intérieur [...]. Ce type de compression est appelé pousseur explosé [...]. Le gaz intérieur est alors chauffé par une onde de choc convergente qui interdit de parvenir au domaine de supercompression. Le mélange D-T est toutefois suffisamment dense et chaud pour qu'il s'y produise des réactions thermonucléaires.  2, record 18, French, - pousseur%20explos%C3%A9

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Levin, Wieland and Williams(1999) find that rules that include the deviation of inflation from its target, the output gap and the lagged interest rate(interest rate-smoothing rules) are robust to model uncertainty...  1, record 19, English, - lagged%20interest%20rate

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Levin, Wieland et Williams (1999) constatent que les règles englobant l'écart de l'inflation par rapport au taux visé, l'écart de production et le taux d'intérêt retardé (c'est-à-dire les règles où les taux d'intérêt sont lissés) sont peu sensibles à l'incertitude entourant la formulation appropriée du modèle.  1, record 19, French, - taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20retard%C3%A9

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The core inflation gap is the difference between the core inflation rate forecast by the model at a six to seven-quarter horizon and the inflation target of 2 per cent.  1, record 20, English, - core%20inflation%20gap

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'écart d'inflation selon l'indice de référence correspond à la différence entre,d'une part, le taux d'augmentation de l'indice de référence prévu à l'aide du modèle à l'horizon de six à sept trimestres et, d'autre part, le taux d'inflation visé (2 %).  1, record 20, French, - %C3%A9cart%20d%27inflation%20selon%20l%27indice%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nearly every drug molecule works through a structural interaction with a "target" or "receptor" molecule or protein that plays key roles in all biological processes. In the most common model for this interaction, the drug molecule inserts itself into a functionally important crevice of its target protein, like a key in a lock. The molecule then binds there and either induces or, more commonly, inhibits the protein's normal function. This universal drug-target scheme suggests a powerful alternative approach to drug discovery : if it were possible to identify, in advance, the appropriate protein target for a given therapeutic need and if enough were known about the distinguishing structure of that target protein, it ought to be feasible to design the structure of an ideal drug to interact with it.  2, record 21, English, - target%20protein

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La discipline [...] «Bio-informatique du médicament» recouvre les activités suivantes : analyser et exploiter les génomes pour identifier les classes structurales et fonctionnelles d'intérêt thérapeutique; [...] modéliser les protéines-cibles dont la structure n'est pas accessible expérimentalement [...]  1, record 21, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%2Dcible

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molecular model, such as a ball and stick or a framework model, in which the bond lengths and the bond angles are clearly indicated.  1, record 22, English, - crystallographic%20model

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Analysis of the surface of the crystallographic models of most proteins should target at least one surface residue whose replacement would substantially increase the stability of the protein.... Unfortunately, most enzymes do not presently have a crystallographic model available for identification of one or more residues having exposed apolar side chains.... For investigators having neither a crystallographic model of the enzyme of interests or a facility for obtaining and engineering the structural gene, use of a cross-linking reagent is recommended to increase stability. This approach is based on diminishing the polypeptide entropy that is the principal thermodynamic quantity stabilizing the denatured form.  2, record 22, English, - crystallographic%20model

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le plan de projection en deux dimensions, dans lequel les structures des molécules organiques sont nécessairement dessinées sur une page imprimée, est tout à fait insuffisant pour décrire la vraie configuration tridimensionnelle des biomolécules. La configuration de chaque molécule dans l'espace peut être représentée par l'utilisation de modèles atomiques qui sont de deux types. Les modèles cristallographiques montrent les squelettes covalents et les angles de liaisons et leurs dimensions, mais n'indiquent pas l'espace occupé réellement par la molécule. Les modèles compacts, par contre, donnent plus de détails en ce qui concerne les angles de liaisons et les distances dans le squelette covalentiel, mais ne montrent pas les contours de van der Waals ou la surface des molécules.  1, record 22, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cristallographique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cascade pre-equilibrium model uses target excitation data and the exciton configurations for neutrons and protons to produce non-equilibrium evaporation. The angular distribution is isotropic in the rest frame of the exciton system.  1, record 23, English, - cascade%20pre%2Dequilibrium%20model

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La phase transitoire, entre la fin de la cascade intranucléaire et l'état de noyau composé dans lequel l'énergie apportée par la particule incidente s'est équirépartie, est décrite par des modèles dits de pré-équilibre. Durant cette phase, des phénomènes d'émission de particules légères et de fission sont possibles.  1, record 23, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20pr%C3%A9%2D%C3%A9quilibre

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ENVISAT/ASAR may be calibrated using the ERS [European Remote Sensing Satellite] instrument. Two SAR [synthetic aperture radar] images of the same area are required and at least one strong point-like target must be visible in both scenes. The target response should originate from the same stable scatterer. For the technique a very coarse digital elevation model(DEM) of the scene is suitable. The method bases on the very well-known timing parameters and high orbit accuracy of the ERS instrument(5 cm radial and 15 cm along track orbit accuracy).  2, record 24, English, - high%20orbit%20accuracy

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This model explicitly links target-group-facing services to their outputs, to targeted needs, and to direct program outcomes. It aligns programs and services by analyzing where target groups and needs overlap, and uncovers gaps in the design of services to address targeted needs recognized by the program or programs in the scope of the model.  2, record 25, English, - Program%20Service%20Alignment%20Model

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce modèle établit explicitement le lien entre les services directs au groupe cible et leurs extrants, les besoins cibles et les résultats directs du programme. Il permet d'harmoniser les programmes et services au moyen d'une analyse du recoupement des groupes cibles et des besoins, ainsi que de repérer les lacunes dans la conception des services en regard des besoins cibles reconnus par le ou les programmes visés par le modèle.  2, record 25, French, - Mod%C3%A8le%20d%27harmonisation%20des%20programmes%20et%20services

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The animation runtime should ideally maintain a presentation value for any target attribute, separate from the DOM, CSS, or other object model(OM) in which the target attribute is defined.  1, record 26, English, - defined

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose role it is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 26, English, - defined

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exécution de l'animation devrait idéalement conserver une valeur de présentation pour tout attribut cible, distinct du DOM, de CSS ou d'un autre modèle objet (OM) dans lequel l'attribut cible est défini.  1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9fini

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9fini

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The host language specification must define which elements can be the target of animateMotion. In addition, the host language specification must describe the positioning model for elements, and must describe the model for animateMotion in this context(i. e. the semantics of the default value for the origin attribute must be defined).  1, record 27, English, - origin%20attribute

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose its role is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 27, English, - origin%20attribute

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La spécification du langage hôte doit définir quels éléments peuvent être la cible de animateMotion. De plus, la spécification du langage hôte doit décrire le modèle de positionnement des éléments et doit décrire le modèle de animateMotion dans ce contexte (i.e., la sémantique de la valeur default de l'attribut origin doit être définie).  1, record 27, French, - attribut%20origin

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 27, French, - attribut%20origin

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some animations(animateMotion) will implicitly target an attribute, or possibly several attributes(the "posX" and "posY" attributes of some layout model).  1, record 28, English, - layout%20model

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose role it is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 28, English, - layout%20model

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines animations cibleront implicitement un attribut, ou probablement plusieurs attributs ( les attributs "posX" et "posY" d'un certain modèle de disposition).  1, record 28, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20disposition

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 28, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20disposition

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The animation runtime should ideally maintain a presentation value for any target attribute, separate from the DOM, CSS, or other object model(OM) in which the target attribute is defined.  1, record 29, English, - animation%20runtime

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose role it is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 29, English, - animation%20runtime

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exécution de l'animation devrait idéalement conserver une valeur de présentation pour tout attribut cible, distinct du DOM, de CSS ou d'un autre modèle objet (OM) dans lequel l'attribut cible est défini.  1, record 29, French, - ex%C3%A9cution%20de%20l%27animation

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 29, French, - ex%C3%A9cution%20de%20l%27animation

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The animation runtime should ideally maintain a presentation value for any target attribute, separate from the DOM, CSS, or other object model(OM) in which the target attribute is defined.  1, record 30, English, - presentation%20value

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose role it is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 30, English, - presentation%20value

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exécution de l'animation devrait idéalement conserver une valeur de présentation pour tout attribut cible, distinct du DOM, de CSS ou d'un autre modèle objet (OM) dans lequel l'attribut cible est défini.  1, record 30, French, - valeur%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 30, French, - valeur%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The host language specification must define which elements can be the target of animateMotion. In addition, the host language specification must describe the positioning model for elements, and must describe the model for animateMotion in this context(i. e. the semantics of the default value for the origin attribute must be defined).  1, record 31, English, - host%20language%20specification

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose its role is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 31, English, - host%20language%20specification

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La spécification du langage hôte doit définir quels éléments peuvent être la cible de animateMotion. De plus, la spécification du langage hôte doit décrire le modèle de positionnement des éléments et doit décrire le modèle de animateMotion dans ce contexte (i.e., la sémantique de la valeur default de l'attribut origin doit être définie).  1, record 31, French, - sp%C3%A9cification%20du%20langage%20h%C3%B4te

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 31, French, - sp%C3%A9cification%20du%20langage%20h%C3%B4te

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The host language specification must define which elements can be the target of animateMotion. In addition, the host language specification must describe the positioning model for elements, and must describe the model for animateMotion in this context(i. e. the semantics of the default value for the origin attribute must be defined).  1, record 32, English, - positioning%20model

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The English terminology on this record is standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) whose its role is to establish standards relating to Internet technology. The French terminology was proposed by translators certified by the W3C and was verified by the author of this record.  2, record 32, English, - positioning%20model

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La spécification du langage hôte doit définir quels éléments peuvent être la cible de animateMotion. De plus, la spécification du langage hôte doit décrire le modèle de positionnement des éléments et doit décrire le modèle de animateMotion dans ce contexte (i.e., la sémantique de la valeur default de l'attribut origin doit être définie).  1, record 32, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20positionnement

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La terminologie anglaise de cette fiche est normalisée par le World Wide Web Consortium (consortium W3C) dont le rôle principal est d'établir les normes reliées aux technologies Internet. La terminologie française est proposée par des traducteurs agréés par le Consortium et elle a été vérifiée par l'auteur de cette fiche.  2, record 32, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20positionnement

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wilde's theory is based on a cost-benefit model. He studied how people modify their hazard perception when safety systems are implemented. This process... states that people adjust their risk acceptance decision and their risk-taking behaviour towards their target level of perceived risk. Stating that people will behave more cautiously and accept fewer risks when they feel threatened, conversely, they will behave more daringly and accept higher levels of risk when they feel safe and secure.  1, record 33, English, - risk%20homeostatic%20theory

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le domaine de la sécurité routière, Wilde développe la théorie du risque homéostatique. Le sujet adapte son comportement en fonction de son niveau de risque préférentiel ou cible, c'est-à-dire le niveau de risque que le sujet pense pouvoir prendre. C'est une manière de considérer la sécurité comme un objet progressif. En effet, il ne suffit pas de rectifier des virages ou de réaménager un carrefour pour que le bilan soit positif. Un certain facteur de sécurité supplémentaire dans un domaine peut se révéler néfaste dans un autre domaine. Il faut plutôt travailler sur le niveau du risque cible.  1, record 33, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20risque%20hom%C3%A9ostatique

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

D'une manière générale, selon M. Wilde, il est extrêmement difficile de diminuer le taux d'accidents, en vertu du principe du «risque homéostatique» : plus une route sera sûre, plus les automobilistes iront vite.  2, record 33, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20risque%20hom%C3%A9ostatique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A secondary novel technology to which the Company has exclusive rights is that of antibody-targeted liposomes. This technology involves the incorporation of an antimyosin antibody into liposome membranes that serves to target the immunoliposome to cytoskeletal protein exposed by cellular membrane lesions. Upon anchoring the liposome to the cell via the antibody the liposome presumably fuses with the cell membrane and repairs the lesion. In vitro and animal model studies have shown that this methodology has been able to preserve cell and tissue viability under anoxic/ischemic conditions. This technology may be able to limit the extent of heart muscle damage during heart attacks and myocarditis.  1, record 34, English, - immunoliposome

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

...Afin d'augmenter la quantité de molécules du médicament pouvant être associées aux anticorps, l'équipe de Pardridge a suggéré d'associer au complexe anticorps/médicament des vecteurs lipidiques, qu'elle a nommé «immunoliposomes». Chaque liposome de 100 nanomètres de diamètre peut acheminer au moins 10 000 petites molécules du médicament.(J. Huwyler et al. (1996) Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 14164-14169.)  1, record 34, French, - immunoliposome

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We show that the proposed robust confidence intervals constitute an improvement over the intervals constructed around a robust point estimate using its asymptotic distribution under the "target" parametric model.  1, record 35, English, - asymptotic%20distribution

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The student’s response serves primarily as a means of determining whether the communication process has been effective and at the same time allows appropriate corrective action to be taken.  1, record 36, English, - corrective%20action

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

While feedback is generally concise information about a response, remediation refers to the more extensive presentation of information for the student who is not learning the material. Tutorials vary from giving no remediation to giving remediation following each student response error. ... The most common remediation procedure is to repeat information already seen. ... A similar technique is to provide restatements of information with new and simpler wording.  4, record 36, English, - corrective%20action

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... in many teaching situations, diagnosis and remediation will be tightly interwoven into one dialogue, as they are in the Socratic method.  2, record 36, English, - corrective%20action

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... a more informative student model is able to provide an explicit representation of the student's incorrect versions of the target expertise so that remedial actions can be taken.  2, record 36, English, - corrective%20action

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi toutes les machines dont peut disposer l'enseignant moderne, l'ordinateur est la seule qui [...] soit capable d'exercer ces fonctions élémentaires de l'enseignant que sont l'apport d'informations et la correction des erreurs.  2, record 36, French, - correctif

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les résultats donnent-ils à l'enseignant les informations pour aider au diagnostic des difficultés et recommander les correctifs qui s'imposent?  1, record 36, French, - correctif

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrological Data Collection. In order to model the hydrology of a stream study segment over a range of flow rates, it is necessary to collect specific data defining the hydraulic boundary conditions. Boundary conditions define the target hydraulic simulation output, i. e. the desired flow rate, velocity and water surface elevation at the up-stream and down-stream ends of the segment. Hydraulic boundary are typically defined by flow rate, velocity magnitude and direction and/or water surface elevation. Boundary conditions, for instream flow analysis, are usually defined at the up-stream or down-stream boundaries of the study segment. In addition to the boundary conditions it is important to collect both quantitative and qualitative hydraulic information within the boundaries of the study segment. This additional data is used for model calibration and verification.  1, record 37, English, - hydraulic%20boundary

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The study of design and purpose in natural phenomena.  2, record 38, English, - teleology

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In trying to model the way students build incorrect procedures, it is reasonable to assume initially that they perceive the teleology of the procedures(that is, the goals of its steps), but that erroneous teleological rationalizations lead them to choose forms of the skill that differ from the intended one. A study adopting this perspective would concentrate on the way students "understand" procedures. An interesting issue in this regard is the use of manipulative models such as Dienes blocks or abaci, included in some curricula. These models are intended to impart some semantic understanding of procedure to students, and require an analogical transfer to the target procedure.  3, record 38, English, - teleology

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude de la finalité. Science des fins de l'homme.  2, record 38, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9ologie

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

sémantique téléologique  3, record 38, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9ologie

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

notion appliquée à la modélisation du raisonnement humain par K. VanLehn et J.S. Brown (1980).  3, record 38, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9ologie

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The architecture developed by means of a specified model and designed to meet the target hardware safety integrity(in respect of the target failure measure and fault count).  1, record 39, English, - designated%20architecture

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Draft International Standard 1508, IEC-TC 65, Functional Safety, 1995.  1, record 39, English, - designated%20architecture

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Projet de norme internationale 1508, CEI-TC65, Sûreté fonctionnelle, 1995.  1, record 39, French, - architecture%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal of having an implemented process model of expertise is an interesting constraint for the definition of the subject matter. For a model to be operational, knowledge cannot be merely enunciated and explained : it must be put to work. Thus, all the knowledge critical to the target behavior has to be captured in the model of expertise, including the knowledge required for appropriately using knowledge. The fact that this model must be able to solve the same problems the student will eventually learn to solve ensures that, at some level of epistemic fidelity, it is complete.  3, record 40, English, - process%20model

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the representation of the subject matter, process models have been used to simulate two types of processes: 1) to model the phenomena the student has to understand, such as electronic circuits in SOPHIE and rainfall in WHY, 2) to model parts of the actual reasoning process the student learns to perform (ACTP tutors).  3, record 40, English, - process%20model

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the ideal component of the process model contains plans that describe how more complex tasks can be accomplished using a sequence of simpler tasks and commands, and have been implemented as a hierarchy of frames.  4, record 40, English, - process%20model

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... a process model of the student’s decision making....  4, record 40, English, - process%20model

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare to mental state and mental models. See knowledge state.  5, record 40, English, - process%20model

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir modélisation de processus, modèle quantitatif et modèle qualitatif.  1, record 40, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20processus

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This approach... as a model for analogical learning... presupposes that well-defined, bounded representational models of the situations in both the base(i. e., familiar) domain and the target domain are available as inputs.  1, record 41, English, - analogical%20base%20domain

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Apprentissage par analogie. (...) Le correspondant dans le domaine cible d'un prédicat de comparaison dans le domaine source doit pouvoir porter sur des objets comparables dans le domaine cible.  1, record 41, French, - domaine%20source

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A model of the student's knowledge is likely to be formed out of the system's representation of the target expertise.  1, record 43, English, - target%20expertise

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expertise que l'étudiant est censé acquérir en se servant du tuteur intelligent.  1, record 43, French, - expertise%20cible

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The only duty of the concept teaching program is to select the small sets to be presented at each iteration from a pool of prestored classified instances. Its objective is to find the sequence that will minimize the time elapsed between the presentation of the first instances and the last error in classification. To this end, it maintains a model of the student's set of hypotheses(exactly how the model is inferred is left unspecified). In addition to a definition of the(target concept), it is given a model of its student's learning mechanisms. Hence it can select the instances by which its learning model would minimize the difference between its student model' s set of hypotheses and the correct concept. This difference must be computed according to some distance measure, which can be very difficult to determine.  1, record 44, English, - concept%20teaching%20program

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir apprentissage de concepts, enseignement de type conceptuel.  1, record 44, French, - programme%20d%27enseignement%20de%20concepts

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beech Aircraft will supply 15 model 1904 supersonic rocket-powered target drones to the French Air Force.  1, record 45, English, - supersonic%20rocket%2Dpowered%20target%20drone

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beech Aircraft livrera à l'armée de l'air française 15 engins-cible supersoniques type 1904.  1, record 45, French, - engin%2Dcible%20supersonique

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish