TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

TALENs are a chimera of transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs) and restriction enzymes, predominantly Fok1 nuclease. The TALE proteins act as programmable DNA search engines while the Fok1 are the molecular scissors cutting the DNA target site.  4, record 1, English, - transcription%20activator%2Dlike%20effector%20nuclease

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are restriction enzymes that bind to DNA based on its specificity and can be tailored to cut sequences of DNA. They are made by combining TAL [transcription activator-like] binding domains, which allows entry into a cell, and a DNA cleavage domain, which is helpful in gene editing. These can be tailored to bind to any targeted area in the genome to cut any desired specific location.  5, record 1, English, - transcription%20activator%2Dlike%20effector%20nuclease

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les nucléases TALEN dérivent de la molécule «transcription activator-like effectors» (TALE) [...] Les TALEN sont composées d'un domaine de reconnaissance de l'ADN TALE fusionné avec la nucléase Fok1.  2, record 1, French, - nucl%C3%A9ase%20effectrice%20de%20type%20activateur%20de%20transcription

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system.  5, record 2, English, - protospacer%20adjacent%20motif

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A significant site called PAM... is critical in CRISPR-Cas selective recognition for its target foreign protospacer sequence. The well documented characteristic of all CRISPR-Cas types is their ability to find and cleave target invader sequences upon the recognition of the highly conserved short PAMs.  6, record 2, English, - protospacer%20adjacent%20motif

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séquence de 2 à 6 paires de bases qui doit être préalablement reconnue par une endodésoxyribonucléase pour que celle-ci opère la coupure de l'ADN.  1, record 2, French, - motif%20de%20reconnaissance%20du%20proto%2Despaceur

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

motif de reconnaissance du proto-espaceur; motif de reconnaissance : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mars 2018.  2, record 2, French, - motif%20de%20reconnaissance%20du%20proto%2Despaceur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Base editing.... It enables precise changes to individual nucleotides within the genome without creating double-strand breaks.... base editing directly converts one DNA base to another at a specific target site. [Base editing] allows for precise single-base changes, such as converting a C-G base pair to a T-A base pair using a cytosine base editor(CBE) or an A-T base pair to a G-C base pair using an adenine base editor(ABE), without introducing insertions or deletions.  2, record 3, English, - base%20editing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réécriture génomique qui consiste à modifier une seule paire de bases d'un site déterminé d'un génome.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9dition%20de%20base

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une nouvelle technique [...] est en cours d'essai clinique. On l'appelle «base editing», ou édition de base, car elle permet de modifier une seule base dans l'ADN. Une base? Ce sont les unités qui composent l'ADN. C'est leur enchaînement qui donne les différents gènes, un peu comme les lettres d'un mot.  3, record 3, French, - %C3%A9dition%20de%20base

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

édition de base; réécriture de base : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 9 avril 2022.  4, record 3, French, - %C3%A9dition%20de%20base

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are tiny RNA [ribonucleic acid] transcripts that guide the editing machinery through base-pairing with the mRNAs [messenger ribonucleic acids] in edited regions. gRNAs are complementary to small segments of the fully edited mRNAs, and thus serve as mini-templates to guide the addition and deletion of Us from the pre-edited mRNA as they form a locally double-stranded RNA helix.  4, record 4, English, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

No one studying molecular biology can escape the impact that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has had on the field. In its natural environment, it functions as an adaptive bacterial immune system that can remember past viral infections. However, it is mainly known and popular as a highly versatile and precise tool for gene editing.... At the heart of the system is Cas9, a programmable and sequence‐specific endonuclease that introduces double‐strand breaks into DNA, which can be exploited to modify the DNA sequence in many different ways. The Cas9 cleavage site is determined by a small RNA molecule, termed guide RNA(gRNA), that base pairs with the target DNA and at the same time binds to Cas9 to initiate the site‐specific double‐strand break...  5, record 4, English, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ARN s'associant à une enzyme ou à un complexe protéique, qui, lorsqu'il s'apparie à une séquence d'ARN ou d'ADN complémentaire, permet à l'enzyme ou au complexe protéique de se positionner sur cet ARN ou ADN complémentaire.  4, record 4, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ARN guide : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mars 2018.  5, record 4, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The condition in which the application of a soil material does not result in damage, as defined by specific criteria, to the functions of the soil already at the target site.  1, record 5, English, - harmlessness

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

harmlessness: term and definition relating to the assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard and exposure.  1, record 5, English, - harmlessness

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

harmlessness: In the ISO 11074 standard, this term appears combined in the expression "harmlessness (in the application of soil materials)." This expression and its definition have been standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 5, English, - harmlessness

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Harmlessness in the application of soil materials.  3, record 5, English, - harmlessness

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État selon lequel l'application d'un matériau du sol n'entraîne pas une détérioration, telle que définie par des critères spécifiques, des fonctions du sol même au niveau du site cible.  1, record 5, French, - innocuit%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

innocuité : terme et définition relatifs à l'évaluation du sol et des sites eu égard au risque, à la dangerosité et à l'exposition.  1, record 5, French, - innocuit%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

innocuité : Dans la norme ISO 11074, ce terme figure dans l'expression «innocuité (dans l'application des matériaux du sol)». Ce sont cette expression et sa définition qui ont été normalisées par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 5, French, - innocuit%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Innocuité dans l'application des matériaux du sol.  3, record 5, French, - innocuit%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proximal convoluted tubule diuretics. The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary site for NA+ [sodium ion] reabsorption and seems a likely site for effective diuretic action. However, the number of downstream reabsorption sites limits the effectiveness of any diuretic targeting this region. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are the only commonly used diuretics that particularly target this region although they are rarely used primarily as diuretics. They work by blocking the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which acts to help reabsorb bicarbonate in the proximal tubule.  2, record 6, English, - proximal%20diuretic

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acetazolamide is an example of a proximal diuretic.  4, record 6, English, - proximal%20diuretic

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les diurétiques proximaux : ce sont les inhibiteurs de l'anhydrase carbonique (acétazolamide) et les substances osmotiques (mannitol).  2, record 6, French, - diur%C3%A9tique%20proximal

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once a target is detected by the coastal warning radar, the command centertakes action by assigning the ground radar of a particular HY-2 launch site to begin searching and tracking the target.  3, record 7, English, - coastal%20warning%20radar

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coastal warning radar; CWR: designations standardized by NATO.  4, record 7, English, - coastal%20warning%20radar

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

radar d'alerte côtier; CWR : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  3, record 7, French, - radar%20d%27alerte%20c%C3%B4tier

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Timed searches can be used to generate a species list for a site, or to provide a quantitative or semi-quantitative indication of species abundances; this approach is most applicable where target organisms are quite rare, so a very large area must be searched to encounter individuals.  1, record 8, English, - timed%20search

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

timed-search method  2, record 8, English, - timed%20search

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

méthode d'échantillonnage à temps déterminé  1, record 8, French, - %C3%A9chantillonnage%20selon%20un%20temps%20d%C3%A9termin%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The process by which] a drug molecule [accumulates] in the target organ or tissue selectively such that the concentration of the drug at the disease site is high, while its concentration in nontarget organs and tissues is low, preferably below a certain minimal level, so as to prevent any toxic effect.  2, record 9, English, - drug%20targeting

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action qui consiste à augmenter, à l'aide d'un vecteur, la concentration d'une substance pharmacologiquement active au sein d'un site particulier de l'organisme, l'organe cible, tout en réduisant ses concentrations au sein d'autres sites.  1, record 9, French, - ciblage%20pharmacologique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] entre las aplicaciones más importantes para el uso de las nanopartículas se encuentra la vectorización de medicamentos hacia el cerebro, […] lo cual puede ayudar en el tratamiento de enfermedades como el Alzheimer o el mal de Parkinson.  6, record 9, Spanish, - vectorizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20medicamentos

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[…] tradicionalmente [la tarea de] llevar una substancia activa a su diana terapéutica se adjudica a un transportador como la sangre, que tiene [el inconveniente de distribuirla] por todas partes, [debido a que] no elige a sus destinatarios. La idea de la vectorización [consiste en utilizar] la sangre como transporte [e] incluir el fármaco en unas estructuras que, al alcanzar la diana terapéutica, liberan el fármaco que contienen […]  2, record 9, Spanish, - vectorizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20medicamentos

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Diana terapéutica. Sustancia localizada en cualquier parte de la célula como la membrana celular, el citoplasma o el núcleo, capaz de reconocer un fármaco y producir una respuesta celular […]  7, record 9, Spanish, - vectorizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20medicamentos

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La vectorización permite la liberación controlada del principio activo y con ello se mantiene una mayor duración de las concentraciones terapéuticas, disminución de sus efectos adversos y menor dosificación del fármaco […]  8, record 9, Spanish, - vectorizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20medicamentos

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A site at which soil is to be reused.  1, record 10, English, - target%20site

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

target site : term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).  2, record 10, English, - target%20site

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Site sur lequel du sol doit être réutilisé.  1, record 10, French, - site%20cible

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

site cible : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 10, French, - site%20cible

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The labeled cos end is used as a single reference point to arrange clones in an ordered array for mapping. Complete cleavage at the cos site in the target DNA is not required because uncleaved cos sites will not hybridize with the cosoligonucleotides. In addition, Lambda Terminase cleaves vectors containing the cos site; i. e., cosmids and BACs(bacterial artificial chromosomes). Linearized cosmids give much higher efficiencies in in vitro lambda packaging systems or transfection into animal cells.  1, record 11, English, - cos%20site

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Site correspondant aux extrémités cohésives de génome du phage lambda.  1, record 11, French, - site%20COS

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Extensión complementaria del ADN del bacteriófago lambda formada por hebras de 12 bases.  1, record 11, Spanish, - extremo%20cos

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nanoencapsulation of bioactive materials is a multidisciplinary approach to improve the efficiency and decrease the side effects of drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, slimming agents and nutraceuticals. Nanoliposomes are among the best encapsulation and controlled release systems with the ability to incorporate and protect various types of bioactives as well as deliver them to the target site inside the human or animal body.  2, record 12, English, - nanoencapsulation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En chimie, l'encapsulation consiste à enfermer une substance dans une capsule. L'objectif est : - soit de protéger la substance contre des interactions avec le milieu extérieur. On encapsule par exemple certains filtres [ultraviolets] UV contenus dans les crèmes solaires pour les stabiliser et les empêcher d'irriter la peau; - soit de transporter la substance jusqu'à l'endroit où elle sera libérée pour agir. Les liposomes par exemple sont des sphères utilisées pour transporter les substances actives des cosmétiques dans la peau. Selon la taille des capsules, on parle de microencapsulation (dimension de l'ordre du micromètre) ou de nanoencapsulation (dimension de l'ordre du nanomètre).  2, record 12, French, - nanoencapsulation

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Nanoencapsulation de principes actifs.  3, record 12, French, - nanoencapsulation

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inclusión de ingredientes activos como vitaminas y/o enzimas, [medicamentos lipófilos e hidrófilos], en nanocápsulas biodegradables que liberan su contenido al contacto con determinadas células o jugos/secreciones orgánicas.  2, record 12, Spanish, - nanoencapsulaci%C3%B3n

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new design methods will also radically change the handling of drawings. All the information required can be collected from the data base. As information is stored in one place only and is automatically transferred without manual intervention, it is possible to achieve the target of zero errors. The "scale-less site" has changed the site structure and procedures so that they fit into an efficient design process. 3-D design permits the correct amounts of building materials to be delivered in the exact form to the site or site factory for efficient assembly. We have obtained an industrialised process that is characterised by : Better working conditions; Ecological building; Functionally correct buildings; Quality; Radically shorter design times; Lower costs.  1, record 13, English, - site%20factory

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... on-site factories for prefabricated multiple dwellings have begun to be built in the United States.  2, record 13, English, - site%20factory

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... there are indications of a breakthrough in apartment-house prefabrication in the United States through the building of a plant on the site for the production of standardized parts.  2, record 13, English, - site%20factory

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Atelier forain. Les moules utilisés dans un tel atelier seront réemployés ultérieurement sur un autre site, la distance entre les deux emplacements étant telle qu'il est plus économique de déplacer les moules que de transporter les éléments préfabriqués.  3, record 13, French, - usine%20foraine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Atelier précaire. Il s'agit d'un atelier de préfabrication destiné à disparaître après l'achèvement de l'ouvrage pour lequel il est installé [...] La préfabrication se fait alors le plus souvent au pied même du bâtiment [...]  3, record 13, French, - usine%20foraine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Forain. Qualifie un chantier de fabrication de blocs ou d'éléments préfabriqués, installé provisoirement sur le site d'une opération de construction ou de travaux publics.  4, record 13, French, - usine%20foraine

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] handoff in which the source and the target are different cells(even if they are on the same cell site).  4, record 14, English, - intercell%20handover

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the mobile phone moves from one cell to another during a call, it must be handed over to the new cell. If the neighbour cell is time-synchronous with the current cell, the base station is able to effect a finely synchronized intercell handover.  1, record 14, English, - intercell%20handover

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although the elliptical terms "Handoff," "hand-off," "handover" and "hand-over" are widely used as synonyms of "intercell handoff" and "intercell handover," it is preferable to use the more precise terms to avoid any confusion.  9, record 14, English, - intercell%20handover

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un système cellulaire de radiocommunication avec les mobiles, transfert par commutation d'une station de base à une autre lorsqu'une station mobile change de cellule.  4, record 14, French, - transfert%20intercellulaire

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La communication entre un combiné mobile GSM [système mondial pour communication avec les mobiles] et une station de base est univoque, mais si on téléphone en se déplaçant, il est possible de changer de cellule. C'est surtout le cas lorsqu'on téléphone depuis un véhicule en mouvement. Il est nécessaire alors de changer la station de base avec laquelle le terminal est relié tout en maintenant la communication : c'est le transfert intercellulaire [...]  5, record 14, French, - transfert%20intercellulaire

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les mots composés avec le préfixe «inter-» devraient s'écrire sans trait d'union.  6, record 14, French, - transfert%20intercellulaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ground calibration site will normally be instrumented with the following : at least one transponder for use as an active point calibration target with the following capability....  1, record 15, English, - active%20point%20calibration%20target

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sites d'étalonnage au sol seront équipés des instruments suivants : au moins un répondeur servant de cible ponctuelle active d'étalonnage, capable de [...].  2, record 15, French, - cible%20d%27%C3%A9talonnage%20%C3%A0%20point%20actif

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To stop drilling and remove the drill rig from the site of a borehole before the intended depth or target is reached.  2, record 16, English, - abandon

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "junk."  3, record 16, English, - abandon

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] arrêter un trou de forage [...] en cours de route, avant d'atteindre la profondeur voulue ou l'objectif fixé au départ, et déplacer la foreuse ailleurs.  2, record 16, French, - abandonner

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ERMES is the Earth Resources Mineral Exploration Site providing 200 gigabytes of online geological database information at your fingertips-it can help you target your exploration efforts and narrow your search.  1, record 17, English, - Earth%20Resources%20and%20Mineral%20Exploration%20Site

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ERMES, le site Web sur les ressources terrestres et l'exploration minérale, comprend 200 gigaoctets de renseignements géologiques à votre portée, et vous aide à cibler vos efforts d'exploration en restreignant votre recherche.  2, record 17, French, - Earth%20Resources%20and%20Mineral%20Exploration%20Site

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the ideal world, the diseases would be cured for life by one treatment, with no side effects. And gene insertion into a chromosome in a target somatic cell would be site specific; in what is called homologous recombination, the healthy, or "therapeutic, "gene would exactly replace the damaged copy  1, record 18, English, - therapeutic%20gene

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des gènes marqueurs aux gènes thérapeutiques. De nombreux participants ont manifesté la volonté d'utiliser des approches de marquage avant d'aborder le problème du transfert génique en vue d'une action thérapeutique.  2, record 18, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20th%C3%A9rapeutique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish