TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Stopping(orbital insertion). The ability to slow down from a heliocentric orbit and to enter a desired orbit around a target planet is a basic requirement for virtually all augmentation missions. The Mars sample return mission, for example, requires two such orbit insertions. First, the spacecraft must enter orbit around Mars, and later, the sample return capsule must safely enter orbit around Earth to await recovery.  1, record 1, English, - orbit%20insertion

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Transfert d'un engin spatial d'une orbite à une autre.  1, record 1, French, - insertion%20sur%20orbite

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insertion sur orbite : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 26 janvier 2025.  2, record 1, French, - insertion%20sur%20orbite

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The concept of space capture refers to the capability of a spacecraft to grasp a target satellite with the ultimate goal of executing servicing operations on the captured vehicle. Much research effort is currently focused on the development of technologies that enable such complex operations by means of autonomous vehicles.  1, record 2, English, - space%20capture

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space capture: designation validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.  2, record 2, English, - space%20capture

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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capture spatiale : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien du NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.  1, record 2, French, - capture%20spatiale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Some papers selected single-arm space robots as actuators to touch and capture the target spacecraft in space. The in-orbit screw-driving manipulation by a single-arm space robot... can cause the rotation and translation of the target spacecraft. Since the target is a free-floating spacecraft that is not a fixed object on the ground, the target will have reactive translational motion and rotation when external forces and torques are applied to the target spacecraft during the screwdriving process. However, the translation and rotation of the target spacecraft can influence the control accuracy of the space robot, which may lead to failures during the screw-driving process. Unlike single-arm space robots, dual-arm space robots can use the cooperation of the two arms to accomplish more complicated space tasks effectively. Therefore, dual-arm space robots can be introduced to carry out the in-orbit screw-driving operation by the mission arm and maintain the position and attitude of the target spacecraft by the other arm.  1, record 3, English, - single%2Darm%20space%20robot

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single-arm space robot: designation validated by Canadian subject-matter experts from Polytechnique Montréal and the Canadian Space Agency.  2, record 3, English, - single%2Darm%20space%20robot

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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robot spatial à un bras : désignation validée par des spécialistes canadiens de Polytechnique Montréal et de l'Agence spatiale canadienne.  1, record 3, French, - robot%20spatial%20%C3%A0%20un%20bras

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Dual-arm space robots are more capable of implementing complex space tasks compared with single arm space robots. However, the dynamic coupling between the arms and the base will have a serious impact on the spacecraft attitude and the hand motion of each arm. Instead of considering one arm as the mission arm and the other as the balance arm, in this work two arms of the space robot perform as mission arms aimed at accomplishing secure capture of a floating target.  1, record 4, English, - dual%2Darm%20space%20robot

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dual-arm space robot: designation validated by Canadian subject-matter experts from Polytechnique Montréal and the Canadian Space Agency.  2, record 4, English, - dual%2Darm%20space%20robot

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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robot spatial à deux bras : désignation validée par des spécialistes canadiens de Polytechnique Montréal et de l'Agence spatiale canadienne.  1, record 4, French, - robot%20spatial%20%C3%A0%20deux%20bras

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Guidance, navigation and control problems during autonomous rendezvous and proximity maneuvers between spacecraft are challenging, particularly when the target spacecraft or space object is not cooperating with the chaser spacecraft.  2, record 5, English, - chaser%20spacecraft

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Le sujet [...] porte sur l'évitement de collision lors de manœuvres de proximité pour le rendez-vous orbital. Il s'agit d'assurer la sécurité passive de la mission, en imposant au véhicule chasseur, en cas de panne, de rester sur une trajectoire périodique comprise dans un cône de visibilité de la cible.  2, record 5, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20spatial%20chasseur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Vehículo que maniobra en el espacio para efectuar un acoplamiento con un objeto en órbita.  1, record 5, Spanish, - perseguidor

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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... DInSAR [differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar] can measure differential propagation delay with millimetric accuracy as in the case of the C-band synthetic aperture radars of the European Sentinel-1 satellites.  3, record 6, English, - C%2Dband%20synthetic%20aperture%20radar

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synthetic aperture radar; SAR :[A] synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is a side-looking imaging radar usually operating on either an aircraft or a spacecraft. The radar transmits a series of short, coherent pulses to the ground producing a footprint whose size is inversely proportional to the antenna size, its aperture. Because the antenna size is generally small, the footprint is large and any particular target is illuminated by several hundred radar pulses. Intensive signal processing involving the detection of small Doppler shifts in the reflected signals from targets to the moving radar produces a high resolution image that is equivalent to one that would have been collected by a radar with a much larger aperture.  4, record 6, English, - C%2Dband%20synthetic%20aperture%20radar

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Sentinel-1 est composé de deux satellites (1A et 1B) qui ont pour objectif de fournir en tout temps des images radar. [...] Les satellites [ont chacun] un radar à synthèse d'ouverture en bande C dont la fréquence varie de 5,725 à 7,075 GHz [gigahertz] en émission et de 3,4 à 4,2 GHz en réception.  5, record 6, French, - radar%20%C3%A0%20synth%C3%A8se%20d%27ouverture%20en%20bande%20C

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Asteroid Bennu is the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission, which aims to collect and send a sample back to Earth for analysis. With over half a million known asteroids to choose from, why did scientists set their sights on Bennu? Its location, size, composition, and scientific importance made Bennu the best place to send the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft on its cosmic journey.  3, record 7, English, - Bennu

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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La mission OSIRIS-REx s'intéresse à l'astéroïde Bennu, pour y prélever un échantillon qui sera rapporté sur Terre pour analyse. Il y a plus d'un demi-million d'astéroïdes connus : pourquoi les scientifiques ont-ils choisi Bennu en particulier? Vu son emplacement, sa taille et son importance scientifique, Bennu était l'astéroïde idéal pour le voyage cosmique de la sonde spatiale OSIRIS-REx.  3, record 7, French, - Bennu

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Bien que Bénou soit une graphie courante en français pour désigner une divinité égyptienne (souvent représentée sous la forme d'un héron), l'Agence spatiale canadienne a opté pour la graphie Bennu puisque c'est la graphie choisie par le milieu astronomique international pour nommer cet astéroïde.  4, record 7, French, - Bennu

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security - Regolith Explorer asteroid sample return mission (OSIRIS-REx), is the first U.S. mission to collect a sample of an asteroid and return it to Earth for study. Analyzing the sample will help scientists understand the early solar system, as well as the hazards and resources of near-Earth space.  1, record 8, English, - Origins%2C%20Spectral%20Interpretation%2C%20Resource%20Identification%2C%20Security%20%2D%20Regolith%20Explorer

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OSIRIS-REx [was launched] on September 8, 2016. As planned, the spacecraft will reach its asteroid target in 2018 and return a sample to Earth in 2023.  3, record 8, English, - Origins%2C%20Spectral%20Interpretation%2C%20Resource%20Identification%2C%20Security%20%2D%20Regolith%20Explorer

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The OSIRIS-REx name is an acronym of the mission objectives, which are: Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security and Regolith Explorer.  1, record 8, English, - Origins%2C%20Spectral%20Interpretation%2C%20Resource%20Identification%2C%20Security%20%2D%20Regolith%20Explorer

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La mission] OSIRIS-REx caractérisera en détail l'astéroïde Bennu et rapportera un échantillon sur Terre pour qu'il soit analysé. Elle aidera les scientifiques à mieux déterminer l'orbite de l'astéroïde afin de fournir des données plus concluantes sur le type de menace que représente Bennu pour notre planète. Elle permettra ainsi de mieux prédire les probabilités qu'il entre en collision avec la Terre dans un avenir plus ou moins rapproché et aussi d'améliorer nos connaissances sur la composition de l'astéroïde, ce qui fournira des indices sur la façon dont les planètes se sont formées et sur l'apparition de la vie. Lancement réussi le 8 septembre 2016, l'OSIRIS-REx aura atteint Bennu en 2018 et rapportera l'échantillon en 2023.  3, record 8, French, - Origins%2C%20Spectral%20Interpretation%2C%20Resource%20Identification%2C%20Security%20%2D%20Regolith%20Explorer

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Le nom OSIRIS-REx est l'acronyme des objectifs de la mission, qui sont : origines, interprétation des spectres, détermination des ressources, sécurité, explorateur de régolithe.  4, record 8, French, - Origins%2C%20Spectral%20Interpretation%2C%20Resource%20Identification%2C%20Security%20%2D%20Regolith%20Explorer

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The guidance... of an aircraft, missile, aerospace vehicle, or spacecraft wherein the craft directs itself toward the target by means of electromagnetic waves or signals emitted by the target itself.  2, record 9, English, - passive%20homing

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Passive homing requires that the target be a source of radiated energy.  3, record 9, English, - passive%20homing

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One of the most common uses of passive homing is with air-to-air missiles that use heat-sensing devices.  3, record 9, English, - passive%20homing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Guidage automatique d'une fusée à l'aide d'un détecteur sensible aux signaux émis par une cible.  1, record 9, French, - autoguidage%20passif

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The ATV [Agena Target Vehicle] consisted of the Lockheed Agena spacecraft and the McDonnell docking adapter.  2, record 10, English, - docking%20adapter

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Dispositif destiné à rendre mécaniquement solidaires deux engins spatiaux.  2, record 10, French, - adaptateur%20d%27amarrage

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A limited period of time during which the launch of a particular spacecraft may be undertaken.  2, record 11, English, - launch%20window

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For launches into Earth orbit the main constraints are the desired orbit, the point of injection into that orbit, and the possibility of a collision with other orbiting spacecraft or orbital debris. For launches to interplanetary trajectories, the time of launch is constrained by the relative positions of the planets, at the time of both launch and encounter(i. e. the spacecraft must be aimed at a point in space that the planet will have reached by the time of encounter). A spacecraft launched outside the launch window would require more propellant and/or more time to reach its target.  2, record 11, English, - launch%20window

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There are also geometric windows (e.g., restrictions in launch azimuth).  3, record 11, English, - launch%20window

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launch window: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 11, English, - launch%20window

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intervalle de temps pendant lequel le lancement [d'un engin spatial] permettant de réaliser une mission donnée peut-être effectué à tout instant.  3, record 11, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20lancement

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fenêtre de lancement : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  4, record 11, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20lancement

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ESA has presently only developed a basic end effector(BEE) for the European robotic arm. Although the BEE can support EVA and has a good overall performance, its size and mass make its use impractical for most of the operations involved in servicing payloads external to the spacecraft. The dexterity needed for these operations requires a much smaller, compact gripper, equipped with an array of sensors which fully monitor both its status and operations. Furthermore, it is desirable to keep to a minimum the limitations and constraints imposed on the payload by the interface requirements. Functions performed by the gripper are : recovery of insertion misalignments; positioning of an object at a target location; securing an object firmly and releasably; provision of mechanical power; monitoring gripper status and operation.  2, record 12, English, - basic%20end%20effector

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Basic End-Effector (BEE) [is] permanently attached to the Robot arm tool-flange. [Its] mechanical and electrical interfaces are compatible with the Standard Grasp Interface (SGI), available on all TEF [Technology Exposure Facility] subjects. Actions include grasp, move and release. Sensors include camera system for scene and close up visual inspection.  3, record 12, English, - basic%20end%20effector

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un modèle technologique de pince destinée aux interventions robotisées sur des charges utiles montées sur une plate-forme extérieure a été réalisé dans le cadre d'un contrat d'étude, de fabrication et d'essais. Sa conception satisfait aux rigoureuses conditions imposées en ce qui concerne aussi bien la masse et l'encombrement que la capacité de charge. La pince permet également d'exercer une force mécanique sur des éléments de charge utile pourvus d'un dispositif de préhension spécifique, pour les manipuler, actionner des mécanismes et transmettre des forces. Le principe de conception est simple et les interfaces avec la charge utile sont réduites au minimum.  1, record 12, French, - dispositif%20de%20pr%C3%A9hension%20sp%C3%A9cifique

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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Starsem and its Russian partners report that the Soyuz TMA-1 manned transport spacecraft was accurately placed on the target orbit.  2, record 13, English, - target%20orbit

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Le lancement est considéré comme nominal (sur l'altitude) si l'altitude atteinte se situe entre ±4 km autour de l'altitude visée : si l'orbite atteinte à la séparation est exactement l'orbite visée, SPOT 4 rattrape à chaque orbite 25 secondes par rapport aux autres satellites.  2, record 13, French, - orbite%20vis%C3%A9e

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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At least one transponder for use as an active point calibration target with the following capability :... transmission of a continuous-wave signal to the spacecraft for receive antenna characterization.  1, record 14, English, - receive%20antenna%20characterization

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Au moins un répondeur servant de cible ponctuelle active d'étalonnage, capable de : [...] émettre un signal entretenu vers le satellite, pour permettre la caractérisation de l'antenne de réception.  1, record 14, French, - caract%C3%A9risation%20de%20l%27antenne%20de%20r%C3%A9ception

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Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish