TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] trade restrictive effect arising from the application of technical regulations or standards ...  4, record 1, English, - technical%20barrier%20to%20trade

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technical barriers to trade generally result from the preparation, adoption and application of different technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures. If a producer in country A wants to export to country B, he will be obliged to satisfy the technical requirements that apply in country B, with all the financial consequences this entails.  5, record 1, English, - technical%20barrier%20to%20trade

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

technical barrier to trade; technical trade barrier; TBT : designations usually used in the plural.  6, record 1, English, - technical%20barrier%20to%20trade

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les obstacles techniques au commerce résultent généralement de l'élaboration, de l'adoption et de l'application de règlements techniques différents et de procédures d'évaluation de la conformité différentes. Si un producteur d'un pays A désire exporter vers un pays B, il devra satisfaire aux prescriptions techniques en vigueur dans ce pays B, avec toutes les conséquences financières que cela entraîne.  2, record 1, French, - obstacle%20technique%20au%20commerce

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

obstacle technique au commerce; OTC : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 1, French, - obstacle%20technique%20au%20commerce

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tributylstannane: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  5, record 2, English, - tributylstannane

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₂H₂₈Sn  6, record 2, English, - tributylstannane

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

tributyltin; TBT : term and abbreviation extracted from the “Glossaire de l'environnement” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  6, record 2, English, - tributylstannane

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Constituant des peintures marines antisalissures.  2, record 2, French, - tributylstannane

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tributylétain : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 2, French, - tributylstannane

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

tributylstannane : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 2, French, - tributylstannane

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₂H₂₈Sn  3, record 2, French, - tributylstannane

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₂H₂₈Sn  2, record 2, Spanish, - tributilesta%C3%B1o

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Paints consisting of copolymers designed to be smoothed via erosion of their surface as the vessel moves through the water, continually exposing smooth, fresh paint.  4, record 3, English, - self%2Dpolishing%20copolymer%20antifouling%20paint

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self-polishing copolymer (SPC) antifoulings release biocides via a hydrolysis reaction of an acrylic polymer with seawater. This is a chemical reaction and only occurs at the surface of the coating. SPC technology combines controlled polishing rate and optimum biocide release with inherent self-smoothing for hull roughness control and maximum fuel efficiency.  3, record 3, English, - self%2Dpolishing%20copolymer%20antifouling%20paint

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Controlled solubility copolymers" or "self-polishing copolymers(SPC) "are modern coatings in which, initially for TBT [tributyltin] paints, the biocide was chemically part of the paint matrix or resin, for example the copolymer tributylin methacrylate. When immersed, hydrolysis caused the copolymer to cleave, or hydrolyse, splitting the copolymer into a TBT(the biocide) and an acrylate(the resin) component. The TBT then released and acted as a biocide, the acrylate dissolved to ablate the paint. TBT-free SPCs have now been developed which use copper, zinc or silyl acrylate copolymers.  5, record 3, English, - self%2Dpolishing%20copolymer%20antifouling%20paint

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Observation information obtained from the Head of Environmental Compliance & Biotechnology Maritime Platforms Division at the Australian Government Defence Science & Technology Organisation.  5, record 3, English, - self%2Dpolishing%20copolymer%20antifouling%20paint

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les peintures autopolissantes développées actuellement sont fabriquées à partir de SPC (self-polishing copolymers). Il s'agit de mélanges de méthylméthacrylate de tributylétain. La lixiviation est provoquée par une réaction d'hydrolyse, le composé greffé sur le liant acrylique se libère lentement par hydrolyse dans l'eau.  3, record 3, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20copolym%C3%A8re%20autopolissant

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The TBT [tributyltin]-based self-polishing antifouling paints were also used for small vessels such as yachts and pleasure boats, until many countries in the 1980s banned their use for vessels under 25 metres in length.  1, record 4, English, - TBT%2Dbased%20self%2Dpolishing%20antifouling%20paint

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Système à copolymères autopolissants. L'eau de mer hydrolyse le liant à copolymères, libérant lentement, à un taux contrôlé, le biocide du tributylétain et la résine à copolymères. Des performances antisalissures uniformes sont obtenues tout au long de la vie de la peinture. Les peintures autopolissantes à base de tributylétain remportèrent naturellement - et continuent de connaître- un énorme succès auprès de l'industrie des transports maritimes.  1, record 4, French, - peinture%20autopolissante%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20tributyl%C3%A9tain

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Properties: Colorless to light-yellow liquid ... Derivation: Reaction of titanium tetrachloride with butanol. Use: Ester exchange reactions; heat-resistant paints (up to 500C); improving adhesion of paints, rubber, and plastics to metal surfaces; cross-linking agent; condensation catalyst.  1, record 5, English, - tetrabutyl%20titanate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 5, English, - tetrabutyl%20titanate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 5, French, - titanate%20de%20t%C3%A9trabutyle

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : Ti(OC₄H₉)₄  2, record 5, Spanish, - titanato%20de%20tetrabutilo

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delays in sexual development(preputial separation and vaginal opening) were caused by exposure in utero to TBT [tributyltin].  1, record 6, English, - vaginal%20opening

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Vaginal perforation" can also refer to a perforation caused accidentally. It’s not always synonymous with "vaginal opening."  4, record 6, English, - vaginal%20opening

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exposition in utero au TBT [tributylétain] causait des retards dans le développement sexuel (séparation préputiale et ouverture vaginale).  3, record 6, French, - ouverture%20du%20vagin

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Au vu des données expérimentales issues d'études menées chez les rongeurs ou le primate,les isoflavones se caractérisent par ... des effets sur les organes de reproduction femelle avec une diminution du temps d'ouverture du vagin et une augmentation du poids de l'utérus notamment.  4, record 6, French, - ouverture%20du%20vagin

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[An] inflammation of the prostate was seen in the one-year dog study, and a delay in preputial separation was seen among F1 males in the rat reproduction study.  2, record 7, English, - preputial%20separation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Delays in sexual development(preputial separation and vaginal opening) were caused by exposure in utero to TBT [tributyltin].  3, record 7, English, - preputial%20separation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[L']inflammation de la prostate a été observée dans l'étude d'une durée de un an chez le chien, et un retard dans la séparation du prépuce a été constaté chez les mâles de la génération F1, dans l'étude de toxicité sur le plan de la reproduction chez le rat.  3, record 7, French, - s%C3%A9paration%20du%20pr%C3%A9puce

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'exposition in utero au TBT [tributylétain] causait des retards dans le développement sexuel (séparation préputiale et ouverture vaginale).  4, record 7, French, - s%C3%A9paration%20du%20pr%C3%A9puce

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Under the World Trade Organization (WTO), a specific agreement establishing disciplines on the preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, that might act as technical barriers to trade.  3, record 8, English, - Agreement%20on%20Technical%20Barriers%20to%20Trade

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Code on Technical Barriers to Trade: ... the Tokyo round had mixed results. It failed to come to grips with the fundamental problems affecting farm trade and also stopped short of providing a new agreement on "safeguards" (emergency import measures). Nevertheless, a series of agreements on non-tariff barriers did emerge from the negotiations, in some cases interpreting existing GATT [General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade] rules, in others breaking entirely new ground. In most cases, only a relatively small number of (mainly industrialized) GATT members subscribed to theses agreements and arrangements. Because they were not accepted by the full GATT membership, they were often informally called "code".  4, record 8, English, - Agreement%20on%20Technical%20Barriers%20to%20Trade

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accord de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) qui établit des disciplines régissant l'élaboration, l'adoption et l'application de règlements techniques, de normes et de procédures d'évaluation de la conformité pouvant avoir pour effet de créer des obstacles techniques au commerce.  4, record 8, French, - Accord%20sur%20les%20obstacles%20techniques%20au%20commerce

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Accord sur les obstacles techniques au commerce : titre d'un accord de l'Organization mondiale du commerce (OMC) signé en 1994.  5, record 8, French, - Accord%20sur%20les%20obstacles%20techniques%20au%20commerce

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Accord relatif aux obstacles techniques au commerce : titre d'un accord du GATT [Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce] signé en 1979.  6, record 8, French, - Accord%20sur%20les%20obstacles%20techniques%20au%20commerce

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acuerdo de la Organización Mundial del Comercio firmado en 1994.  3, record 8, Spanish, - Acuerdo%20sobre%20Obst%C3%A1culos%20T%C3%A9cnicos%20al%20Comercio

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Designed to complement its existing range of TBT [tributyltin]-free antifouling products, International Coatings created this [Interswift 655] hybrid by combining the patented copper acrylate SPC [self-polishing copolymer] technology of Intersmooth Ecoflex SPC with the rosin-based controlled depletion polymer technology of Interspeed 340.  3, record 9, English, - controlled%20depletion%20polymer

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Les peintures antisalissures ablatives s'érodent à l'usage, tout comme les polymères à épuisement contrôlé, mais à un taux beaucoup moins contrôlé. Elles sont plus affectées par la température, la salinité et l'alcalinité de l'eau que ne le sont les polymères à épuisement contrôlé et s'érodent généralement plus vite. Elles sont moins onéreuses que les polymères à épuisement contrôlé et offrent une excellente protection antisalissures mais elles ne durent pas aussi longtemps que les polymères à épuisement contrôlé  1, record 9, French, - polym%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9puisement%20contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

TBT [tributyltin] Alternatives. The most promising alternative appears to be copper-acrylate self-polishing copolymer(SPC) paint which leaches into the water column organic copper biocides in a much more controlled and continuous manner than the release of butyltin residues from TBT paint. The leaching process occurs either by hydrolysis(where the surface layer of the paint film reacts chemically with water leaving a relatively polished surface) or by hydrophylic self depletion(the surface layer is physically removed by the action of the water leaving a fresh surface).  1, record 10, English, - copper%2Dacrylate%20self%2Dpolishing%20copolymer%20paint

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of concerns regarding the impact of TBT [tributyltin] on the aquatic environment, Canada and many other countries limited application of TBT antifouling paints to vessels greater than 25 m in length and to vessels(of any length) with aluminum hulls, the latter because many non-tin alternatives contain forms of copper which can cause corrosion of aluminum hulls.  5, record 11, English, - tributyltin%20antifouling%20paint

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Royaume-Uni a interdit l'utilisation des peintures antisalissures au tributylétain pour la coque des bateaux de moins de 25 mètres de longueur.  1, record 11, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20au%20tributyl%C3%A9tain

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the clear resin film tests of the zinc acrylate copolymer, molecular weight did not greatly affect the dissolution rate ... As expected from the dissolution rate of the copolymer itself, anti-fouling paints formulated with various zinc acrylate copolymers were found to have erosion rates mainly dependent on function group concentration and hydrophilicity of the resin polymer ... The surface profile of the zinc acrylate anti-fouling, observed by laser microscopy, was also found to be similar to SPC AF [self-polishing anti-fouling] and smoother than other tin-free anti-fouling paints ...  1, record 12, English, - zinc%20acrylate%20anti%2Dfouling

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Are all metal acrylate TBT [tributyltin] free SPC antifoulings the same? No. There are two types of metal acrylate antifoulings. The first type are the copper acrylate... systems. The second type are the zinc acrylate systems. Although the biocides used in these two antifouling systems are essentially the same with the predominant biocide in both systems being copper oxide, copper complexes are more tightly bound and stable in seawater than zinc complexes. In the presence of the copper oxide biocide, zinc acrylate systems(in our experience) may undergo chemical exchange reactions with the copper oxide biocide. Copper acrylate systems do not undergo this exchange. The stability, longevity and performance of the copper acrylate... systems can therefore be expected to be greater than that of typical zinc acrylate deep sea systems.  3, record 12, English, - zinc%20acrylate%20anti%2Dfouling

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tin-resistant microorganisms have been identified, and resistance can be either plasmid or chromosomally mediated. In one TBT [tributyltin]-resistant organism, an Altermonas sp., an efflux system was suggested as the resistance mechanism.  1, record 13, English, - TBT%2Dresistant%20organism

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des microorganismes résistants à l'étain ont été repérés et cette résistance est de nature plasmidique ou chromosomique. Chez un organisme TBT-résistant, un Alteromonas sp., un système efflux a été suggéré comme mécanisme de résistance.  1, record 13, French, - organisme%20TBT%2Dr%C3%A9sistant

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The major breakthrough came in the late 1960s from work on polymers... These polymers allowed coatings to be made that contained a built-in supply of organotin biocide – tributyltin(TBT).  1, record 14, English, - organotin%20biocide

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tributyltin(TBT) is a broad spectrum biocide used to coat the bottom of ships to prevent sea-life from attaching to the hulls causing reductions in speed and decreasing fuel economy... Developed in the 1960s, it is one of the most effective antifouling agents in use.  1, record 15, English, - broad%20spectrum%20biocide

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hydrolysis/erosion process confers two key properties on TBT [tributyltin] copolymer paint systems : the ability to control/regulate biocide leaching rate.  1, record 16, English, - biocide%20leaching%20rate

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Détermination du taux de lixiviation des biocides contenus dans les peintures antisalissures [...] Méthode générale d'extraction des biocides.  1, record 16, French, - taux%20de%20lixiviation%20de%20biocide

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two kinds of TBT-containing paints are known. Free-association paint, made by mixing TBT into the paint, dissolves when it contacts water. All of the TBT is leached out from the paint in 12-24 months. In copolymer paint, the TBT is bound to the paint and slowly releases with water movement, and is effective for five to six years...  3, record 17, English, - tributyltin%20free%2Dassociation%20paint

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Historically, tributyltin(TBT) free-association paints were used. Free association paints are where the active ingredients are dispersed in a resinous matrix and from which they can slowly leach. This type of paint system has been the basis of most traditional antifouling paints... It is difficult to control the rate of release of biocides from a free-association paint system so as to provide a constant leaching level. Paints containing freely associated biocides such as copper compounds and TBT, can give rise to high initial concentrations of biocides in the marine environment.  4, record 17, English, - tributyltin%20free%2Dassociation%20paint

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Années 70. Apparition de peintures antisalissures de libre association à base de tributylétain.  1, record 17, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20de%20libre%20association%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20tributyl%C3%A9tain

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Global environmental groups WWF [World Wildlife Fund] and Greenpeace are urging officials at this week's IMO [International Maritime Organization] diplomatic conference on antifouling to agree on a legal framework to phase out the use on ships of harmful organotins, including TBT [tributyltin]. The groups are pushing for IMO [International Maritime Organisation] to adhere to the proposed dates for a ban on applications of organotin-based antifouling paint by January 2003, and the presence of organotins in antifouling coatings by January 2008.  1, record 18, English, - organotin%2Dbased%20antifouling%20paint

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An antifouling with both SPC [self-polishing copolymer] and CDP [controlled depletion polymer] features.  1, record 19, English, - hybrid%20SPC%2FCDP%20antifouling

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hybrid SPC/CDP systems : This relatively new antifouling type is a blend of a hydrolysable TBT[ tributyltin]-free SPC technology(copper acrylate SPC) with the rosin-based CDP technology. By carefully combining these two technologies to form a "hybrid", it is possible to produce an antifouling which has the CDP features of surface tolerance and attractive volume solids, together with the SPC benefits of polishing rate control, control of biocide release and reduced leached layer size.  1, record 19, English, - hybrid%20SPC%2FCDP%20antifouling

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When choosing TBT [tributyltin] free antifoulings, there are two principal technology options to consider : Biocidal or Foul Release.  2, record 20, English, - tributyltin%2Dfree%20antifouling%20paint

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis de longues années, Sigma mène des recherches dans le domaine des peintures antisalissures sans TBT [tributylétain]. Le mécanisme Alpha de libération des polymères breveté de Sigma AlphaTrim est unique et est considéré comme une percée dans le domaine des peintures antisalissures autolustrantes sans TBT dont l'activité peut durer jusqu'à 36 mois.  2, record 20, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20sans%20tributyl%C3%A9tain

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The delivery of content via Internet, LAN or AN (intranet or extranet) satellite broadcast, audio- or videotape, interactive TV, or CD-ROM.  1, record 21, English, - technology%2Dbased%20training

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

TBT encompasses both CBT and WBT.  1, record 21, English, - technology%2Dbased%20training

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthodes de formation et d'éducation faisant appel à la nouvelle infrastructure informatique et électronique : apprentissage assisté par ordinateur, télé-enseignement, etc.  2, record 21, French, - formation%20technicis%C3%A9e

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Provisión de formación a través de Internet, LAN ó WAN (intranet o extranet), emisión satelital, cinta de audio o vídeo, televisión interactiva o CD-ROM.  1, record 21, Spanish, - formaci%C3%B3n%20basada%20en%20la%20tecnolog%C3%ADa

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it was necessary to examine the magnitude of the increase in phosphorus loading to the lake. In this regard, several important factors such as phosphorus loading from other sources, flushing rate of the lake, capacity of the shoreline soils to bind phosphorus, and so on, required investigation.  1, record 22, English, - flushing%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The uses of TBT(tributyltin) paints can cause serious pollution of both freshwater and marine environments, especially in areas of high boat traffic and low flushing and dilution rates.  2, record 22, English, - flushing%20rate

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"flushing": Removal, by sudden flow, of deposits which have lodged in conduits, sewers, or tanks because of inadequate flow velocity.  3, record 22, English, - flushing%20rate

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En contexte, on pourrait régler la difficulté que pose la traduction de "low flushing rate" en disant que l'écoulement de l'eau (ou chasse d'eau) est trop faible (ou est insuffisant) pour permettre l'évacuation des dépôts. Voir contextes qui suivent.  2, record 22, French, - taux%20de%20renouvellement%20d%27eau

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"chasse" (en anglais : "flushing") : Evacuation, par brusque injection d'eau, des matériaux qui se sont déposés dans les canalisations, les égouts ou les bassins, en raison d'une vitesse insuffisante du courant.  3, record 22, French, - taux%20de%20renouvellement%20d%27eau

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"chasse d'eau" : écoulement rapide de l'eau d'un bassin pour enlever les sables, vases ou galets qui obstruent un égout, un chenal ou une rivière.  4, record 22, French, - taux%20de%20renouvellement%20d%27eau

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish