TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... when account must be taken of conduct by more actors than a single plaintiff and single defendant; of different degrees of blameworthiness; of the effects on parties with derivative claims; or different tort claims(e. g. strict liability, negligence and intent) against different defendants in the same case. Apportionment of liability applies to all claims(including law suits and settlements) for death, personal injury(including emotional distress or consortium), or physical damage to tangible property damage, regardless of the basis of liability.  2, record 1, English, - apportionment%20of%20liability

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tort law system : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 2, English, - tort%20law%20system

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

régime juridique de responsabilité délictuelle ou quasi délictuelle : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20juridique%20de%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle%20ou%20quasi%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the clearest instance of concurrent torts is one where the injury in question would not have occurred but for both torts: where, if only one had been committed, the injury would not have occurred at all.  2, record 3, English, - concurrent%20torts

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The study mainly concerns the position of the rules of concurrent torts in tort law, but it also deals with their position in the law of obligation in general and their relationship to the criminal law rules governing complicity.  3, record 3, English, - concurrent%20torts

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Délits civils qui concourent au même préjudice.  1, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9lits%20civils%20concurrents

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délits civils concurrents; délits concurrents : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9lits%20civils%20concurrents

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] sanctioning [of] an individual tort feasor in order to discourage him and others from repeating undesirable actions.(Solomon, M., Robert, Feldthusen, P., Bruce, Mills J., Stephen, Cases and Material on the Law of Torts, Toronto : Carswell Student Edition, 1982, p. 16)  2, record 4, English, - deterrence

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although the primary function of tort law is to compensate injured victims, some feel it also acts as deterrence.(Cohl, Karen, Tort Law, Toronto : I. P. I. Publishing Ltd., 1982, p. 19)  2, record 4, English, - deterrence

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sanction pour le coupable qui aura pour effet de décourager celui-ci de se placer de nouveau dans la même situation. (Linden, M., Allen, La Responsabilité Civile Délictuelle, Quatrième Édition, Cowansville : Yvon Blais Inc., 1988, p. 7)  2, record 4, French, - dissuasion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dissuasion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 4, French, - dissuasion

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Both a common law crime and a tort, consists in unlawfully and either intentionally or recklessly restraining another's freedom of movement from a particular place, which may be a house, or hotel, or vehicle and need not be a prison. It must be a total restraint for a time, however short, not merely a partial restriction.  2, record 5, English, - false%20imprisonment

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détention illégale d'une personne.  2, record 5, French, - s%C3%A9questration

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

séquestration : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 5, French, - s%C3%A9questration

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the law of tort, the notion that one's liability is limited to results proximately caused by his conduct or omission.  2, record 6, English, - remoteness%20of%20damage

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

remoteness of damage: A party causing a tort is liable only if some harmful consequence of the kind which happened should have been foreseen as liable to result, and he is liable only for the reasonably foreseeable, or possibility for the direct, consequences of his wrongful conduct, not necessarily for all that has actually followed.  3, record 6, English, - remoteness%20of%20damage

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

éloignement du dommage; éloignement du préjudice : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - %C3%A9loignement%20du%20dommage

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In tort law, a legally sanctioned obligation the breach of which results in the liability of the person owing the duty.  2, record 7, English, - duty

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Negligence is no source of liability, unless the law exacts a "duty" in the circumstances to observe care. "Duty" may therefore be defined as an obligation, recognized by law, to conform to a particular standard of conduct, for the protection of others against unreasonable risks.  3, record 7, English, - duty

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Duty used in its narrow sense.  4, record 7, English, - duty

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It describes here a duty, the breach of which constitutes a tort.  5, record 7, English, - duty

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sens strict. On emploie ce terme surtout lorsque l'obligation est à caractère moral ou social.  2, record 7, French, - devoir

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

devoir : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - devoir

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The word tort comes from le Latin term torquere, which means "twisted or wrong. "The English common law recognized no separate legal action in tort. Instead, the British legal system afforded litigants two central avenues of redress : trespass for direct injuries, and actions "on the case" for indirect injuries. Gradually, the common law recognized other civil actions, including defamation, libel, and slander.  2, record 8, English, - action%20in%20tort

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action en responsabilité délictuelle; action en responsabilité civile délictuelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - action%20en%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A branch of the law of obligations, where the legal obligations to refrain from harm to another, and, if, harm is done, to repair it or compensate for it are imposed not by agreement, but independently of agreement by force of the general law.  3, record 9, English, - law%20of%20tort

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En droit de la responsabilité délictuelle, une règle fondamentale veut que le demandeur prouve deux choses. D'abord, il doit prouver que le défendeur a manqué à une obligation envers lui. Ensuite, le demandeur doit prouver que le manquement a causé la perte dont il veut être indemnisé.  3, record 9, French, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de la responsabilité délictuelle; droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 9, French, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... whether we like it or not, the law, which only Parliament can change, requires proof of fault causing damage as the basis of liability in tort.  2, record 10, English, - basis%20of%20liability%20in%20tort

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The action of assumpsit was a means of making contracts enforceable under common law by conceiving the breach of a promise as a tort. This was necessary, because before the rise of assumpsit contracts were not enforceable unless proved by deed.  2, record 11, English, - action%20of%20assumpsit

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action en justice reconnue par les tribunaux de common law et offrant un recours contre le manquement à une promesse.  2, record 11, French, - action%20d%27assumpsit

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A concept in tort law that states that if a defendant intends harm to A but harms B instead, the intent is said to be transferred to the harm befalling the actual victim, as far as the defendant's liability to be in tort is concerned. This is only a "fiction", or a legal conclusion, created in order to accomplish the desired result in terms of liability.  2, record 12, English, - transferred%20intent

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... Not only can intention be transferred from one person to another, it can also be shifted from one intentional tort to another. For example, if one person intends to batter another, but misses and merely frightens him, there is sufficient intention present to constitute an assault, even though a battery and not an assault was desired.  3, record 12, English, - transferred%20intent

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'intention peut non seulement être transposée d'une personne à une autre, mais elle peut aussi l'être d'un délit intentionnel à un autre. Par exemple, si une personne a l'intention de frapper une autre personne, qu'elle rate sa cible et ne réussit qu'à effrayer sa victime, son intention suffit à fonder des voies de fait, malgré qu'elle portait sur un acte de violence.  2, record 12, French, - intention%20transf%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there are three theories of detterence that contribute to the accident prevention role of tort law : specific deterrence, general deterrence and market deterrence.  2, record 13, English, - market%20deterrence

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Supreme Court held that there was no separate tort of discrimination, nor is there an action based on a breach of a statute. It also held that the plaintiff's remedy was under the Ontario Human Rights Act, rather than at common law.  2, record 14, English, - tort%20of%20discrimination

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Eventually, in opposition to Holmes, scholars began to contend that "worthwhile 'social gain’ is achieved by shifting losses from innocent victims". A new rationale for tort law-loss distribution-was devised to reflect these developments and to spur further growth along these lines. According to this theory, accident losses are no longer shifted from one individual to another. Rather, the costs are transferred to industrial enterprises and insured activities which generate most accidents. These activities do not bear these costs themselves but spread them throughout the community via price increases or insurance premiums.  1, record 15, English, - loss%20distribution

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrairement à la théorie de Holmes, les juristes en sont venus peu à peu à soutenir que "le fait de déplacer le fardeau du préjudice subi par une victime innocent procure sans contredit des 'avantages sociaux' notables". Une nouvelle théorie du droit de la responsabilité délictuelle - l'étalement des pertes - fut mise au point pour tenir compte de cette évolution et pour encourager de nouveaux développement dans cette voie.  2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9partition%20des%20pertes

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A species of tort law, trade defamation is divided into two categories, libel and slander. Trade libel generally refers to written communications that tend to bring a business into disrepute, while trade slander refers to defamatory oral communications.  2, record 16, English, - trade%20slander

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Trade defamation may be trade libel if it is recorded, or trade slander if it is not.  3, record 16, English, - trade%20slander

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans ce contexte, il s'agit des communications ou des propos à caractère diffamatoire, rapportés verbalement et qui se réalisent dans le cours normal d'une activité commerciale. Ces communications ou propos doivent être de nature à avoir une incidence sur la clientèle ou le chiffre d'affaires de l'entreprise touchée.  2, record 16, French, - diffamation%20commerciale

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tort liability, which is defined by law, requiring an injured party to prove only that he or she was harmed in a specified way in order to collect damages.  2, record 17, English, - strict%20liability

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In law, strict liability is a standard for liability which may exist in either a criminal or civil context. A rule specifying strict liability makes a person legally responsible for the damage and loss caused by his or her acts and omissions regardless of culpability (including fault in criminal law terms, typically the presence of mens rea).  3, record 17, English, - strict%20liability

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terme «responsabilité stricte» signifie que la preuve d'intention coupable ou mens rea n'est pas requise pour un ou pour tous les éléments de l'actus reus. En ce sens, la responsabilité stricte est une responsabilité sans faute.  1, record 17, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20stricte

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A person who intrudes and intermeddles with the estate of a testator or intestate without having been appointed an executor or without having obtained letters of administration from a competent court, makes him(sic) liable as an executor "de son tort"(there being no term administrator "de son tort"). The slightest intermeddling with the assets in such a way as to signify an assumption of authority or an intention to assume the functions of an executor may make a person an executor "de son tort"....(Anger & Honsberger, Canadian Law of Real Property, 1959, p. 276)  1, record 18, English, - intermeddling

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

immixtion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - immixtion

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unlawful sexual intercourse with a married person.  3, record 19, English, - criminal%20conversation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

criminal conversation : Not to be confused with "adultery. ""Criminal conversation" signifies adultery in the aspect of a tort, and the right violated by the tortfeasor is the husband's prerogative to exclusive sexual intercourse with his wife which the law grants as a necessary consequence of the marriage relation.  4, record 19, English, - criminal%20conversation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

criminal conversation: This tort has been abolished in most jurisdictions.  4, record 19, English, - criminal%20conversation

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nul ne peut intenter une action pour conversation criminelle ou en dommages-intérêts résultant de la conversation criminelle ou de l'adultère.  3, record 19, French, - conversation%20criminelle

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conversation criminelle : Ne pas confondre avec «adultère». La conversation criminelle désigne l'adultère compris comme un délit civil dont l'auteur est la tierce-partie qui a eu un rapport sexuel avec une femme mariée. Ce délit a été aboli dans la plupart des ressorts.  4, record 19, French, - conversation%20criminelle

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación sexual de una pareja cuando uno o ambos están casados con otra persona.  1, record 19, Spanish, - adulterio

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A legal duty. In the law of tort it refers to the bond created as a result of the special relationship existing between two or more persons, giving rise, e. g. to a duty to exercise due care.  1, record 20, English, - obligation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Deber jurídico establecido normativamente o por voluntario otorgamiento, de dar, hacer o no hacer alguna cosa y cuyo cumplimiento puede ser exigido de manera coactiva.  1, record 20, Spanish, - obligaci%C3%B3n

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is possible, however, for certain intentional injuries to be excused if the reasons for them are recognized as legitimate defences by tort law. For example, if self-defence or the protection of a third person is the motive for a battery or an arrest, they may be considered acceptable excuses.  3, record 21, English, - intentional%20harm

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est possible cependant que le droit de la responsabilité délictuelle excuse certains préjudices intentionnels si le droit de la responsabilité délictuelle reconnaît les mobiles à leur origine comme des moyens de défense légitimes. Par exemple, les mobiles de légitime défense ou de protection d'un tiers peuvent constituer des excuses légitimes à un acte de violence ou à une arrestation.  3, record 21, French, - dommage%20intentionnel

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dommage intentionnel; préjudice intentionnel : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 21, French, - dommage%20intentionnel

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The branch of law that deals with the legal rights and relationships of private individuals.  2, record 22, English, - private%20law

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Private law encompasses the fields of law where the intervention of the State is minimal, such as contract law and tort law in common-law legal systems, and the law of obligations in civilian legal systems.  3, record 22, English, - private%20law

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des règles juridiques qui gouvernent les rapports entre les personnes.  2, record 22, French, - droit%20priv%C3%A9

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le droit privé regroupe les branches du droit dans lesquelles l'intervention de l'État est minime, comme par exemple le droit des contrats, le droit des délits (common law) ou le droit des obligations (droit civil).  3, record 22, French, - droit%20priv%C3%A9

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de normas que regulan las relaciones entre los particulares.  1, record 22, Spanish, - derecho%20privado

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every person is expected to conduct themselves without injuring others. When they do cause injury to others, either intentionally or by negligence, they can be required by a court to pay money to the injured party("damages") so that, ultimately, they will suffer the pain caused by their action. Compensation is probably the most important social role of tort law.  2, record 23, English, - cause%20injury%20to

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conduct which amounts to the tort of battery or assault would also usually constitute a criminal assault. A defendant who punches someone in the nose is liable both for the tort of battery and the crime of assault.  2, record 24, English, - tort%20of%20battery

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the United States, intention to do an act that ultimately results in contact is sufficient for the tort of battery, while intention to inflict an injury on another is required for criminal battery.  3, record 24, English, - tort%20of%20battery

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

At common law, battery is the tort of intentionally(or, in Australia, negligently) and voluntarily bringing about an unconsented harmful or offensive contact with a person or to something closely associated with them(e. g. a hat, a purse).  3, record 24, English, - tort%20of%20battery

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un comportement constituant le délit de voies de fait ou d'acte de violence constitue habituellement des voies de fait en droit criminel. Le défendeur qui donne un coup de poing à la figure de quelqu'un est coupable et du délit civil d'acte de violence et du délit criminel de voies de fait.  1, record 24, French, - d%C3%A9lit%20civil%20d%27acte%20de%20violence

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Liability, in law, an obligation of one party to another, usually to compensate financially. It is a fundamental aspect of tort law, although liability may also arise from duties entered into by special agreement, as in a contract or in the carrying out of a fiduciary duty.  2, record 25, English, - liability

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Au sens large, lien de droit entre deux ou plusieurs personnes en vertu duquel l'une des parties, le créancier peut contraindre l'autre, le débiteur, à exécuter une prestation. (Lexique des termes juridiques, 15e édition, 2005, p. 426).  2, record 25, French, - obligation

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There has been a rebirth of an old, harsh doctrine of the common law-ex turpi causa non oritur actio, or what might be called the illegality defence.... Pursuant to this defence, an injured plaintiff who is engaged in criminal conduct at the time he is injured may be denied all tort recovery.  1, record 26, English, - illegality%20defence

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une ancienne et rigoureuse règle de la common law, la règle ex turpi causa non oritur actio, ou ce que l'on peut appeler le moyen de défense d'illégalité, a recommencé à être appliquée par les tribunaux. [...] Lorsque ce moyen de défense est invoqué, le demandeur qui commettait un acte criminel au moment où il a été blessé peut perdre son droit de recouvrer des dommages-intérêts.  1, record 26, French, - moyen%20de%20d%C3%A9fense%20d%27ill%C3%A9galit%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Joint and several-when signers of an obligation use this phrase, they are all bound jointly as well as each of them individually for the full amount of the debt. Joint and several liability can exist in other legal relations besides contracts, e. g., in the field of tort law.  2, record 27, English, - joint%20and%20several

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Joint and several liability : responsabilité conjointe et solidaire.  3, record 27, French, - conjoint%20et%20individuel

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«covenant conjoint et individuel» est l'équivalent de «joint and several covenant» normalisé dans le cadre du PAJLO.  4, record 27, French, - conjoint%20et%20individuel

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Calificativo de poder, responsabilidad, etc., que indica que puede actuar individualmente y que responde por el conjunto aunque posteriormente pueda repercutir proporcionalmente a los otros responsables solidarios.  2, record 27, Spanish, - mancomunado%20y%20solidario

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

solidario: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 27, Spanish, - mancomunado%20y%20solidario

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The movement to restrict tort immunity has been based in part on the rule of law, with requires all persons, organizations, and government officials to be treated equally under the law.  2, record 28, English, - tort%20immunity

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In theory, the common law of torts adheres to a single standard of care and refuses to recognize different degrees of negligence.... This viewpoint stands in contrast to the criminal law which regards "negligent" and "reckless" driving as distinct offences.... A number of jurisdictions in Canada... has borrowed this idea and introduced it into the sphere of tort liability, for example by relieving the driver of a car from liability to gratuitous passengers except in the case of "gross" negligence or "wilful", "wanton" or "reckless" misconduct.  1, record 29, English, - reckless%20misconduct

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common-law Larceny, for example, requires both the physical act of taking and carrying away the property of another and the mental element of intent to steal the property. Similarly, common-law Burglary requires breaking and entering into the dwelling of another with an intent to commit a felony therein. These crimes and others that require a specific-intent element are called specific-intent crimes and are distinguished from general-intent crimes.  3, record 30, English, - specific%2Dintent%20crime

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Specific intent crimes, however, require a certain mental state ("mens rea") to break the law. One such offense, for example, is residential burglary.  4, record 30, English, - specific%2Dintent%20crime

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term specific intent is commonly used in criminal and Tort Law to designate a special state of mind that is required, along with a physical act, to constitute certain crimes or torts. Specific intent is usually interpreted to mean intentionally or knowingly.  2, record 30, English, - specific%2Dintent%20crime

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est également clair que la défense d'intoxication volontaire qui nie l'intention criminelle requise ne peut être invoquée à l'égard d'accusations portant sur des crimes d'intention générale [...]  2, record 30, French, - crime%20d%27intention%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Review officers are servants of Her Majesty in right of Canada for the purposes of the law of tort or of extracontractual civil liability.  1, record 31, English, - law%20of%20extracontractual%20civil%20liability

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statute cited: Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  2, record 31, English, - law%20of%20extracontractual%20civil%20liability

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour l'application du droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle ou extracontractuelle, les réviseurs sont des préposés de Sa Majesté du chef du Canada.  1, record 31, French, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20civile%20extracontractuelle

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement.  2, record 31, French, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20civile%20extracontractuelle

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Authority granted by legislation and regulations.  4, record 32, English, - legislative%20authority

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These criminal law provisions have been relied upon to a large extent in tort cases where the defence of legislative authority has been raised. Most of the cases have adopted the view that if there is no criminal responsibility there should be no civil responsibility but that should not necessarily follow.  5, record 32, English, - legislative%20authority

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Autorisation conférée par les lois et les règlements.  4, record 32, French, - autorisation%20l%C3%A9gale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On s'est largement fondé sur ces dispositions criminelles dans les causes en responsabilité délictuelle où le moyen de défense d'autorisation légale a été invoqué. Les tribunaux ont généralement adopté l'attitude que, s'il n'y a pas de responsabilité criminelle, il ne devrait pas y avoir de responsabilité civile. Il ne s'agit pas pourtant d'une conclusion inévitable.  5, record 32, French, - autorisation%20l%C3%A9gale

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adopted in 1789 as part of the original Judiciary Act  1, record 33, English, - Alien%20Tort%20Claims%20Act

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.  1, record 33, English, - Alien%20Tort%20Claims%20Act

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 OBS

28 US Code, Chapter 85, Sec. 1350  1, record 33, English, - Alien%20Tort%20Claims%20Act

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Victims of atrocities and access to reparations.  1, record 33, English, - Alien%20Tort%20Claims%20Act

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Voie de recours judiciaire des Etats-Unis, permettant aux citoyens non états-uniens d'engager des poursuites juridiques aux Etats-Unis contre toute personne ayant commis des infractions au droit public international, à condition que ladite personne soit présente sur le territoire des Etats-Unis.  2, record 33, French, - Alien%20Tort%20Claims%20Act

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chapter 17/Automobile Accident Compensation/The most important function of tort law in Canada today is its role in adjusting the disputes arising out of automobile accident injuries.  1, record 34, English, - automobile%20accident%20compensation

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jusqu'à ce qu'on ait trouvé à le remplacer, le droit de la responsabilité délictuelle conservera un rôle vital dans la minimisation des bouleversements économiques résultant de ces accidents (d'automobiles au Canada). Nous étudierons maintenant brièvement les modalités d'application du droit de la responsabilité délictuelle à l'indemnisation des victimes d'accidents d'automobile.  2, record 34, French, - indemnisation%20des%20victimes%20d%27accidents%20d%27automobile

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tort suit may likewise provide some psychological satisfaction. Instead of demonstrating with a picket sign, an aggrieved individual may begin a law suit. The tort trial is an institution which displays great concern for the individual, especially if there is a jury.  1, record 35, English, - aggrieved%20individual

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) l'action en responsabilité délictuelle peut fournir une certaine satisfaction psychologique. Au lieu d'aller manifester avec son placard, la victime d'un acte délictuel peut intenter une action. Le procès est une institution que manifeste la grande préoccupation de notre société pour l'individu, surtout lorsqu'il y a un jury.  2, record 35, French, - victime%20d%27un%20acte%20d%C3%A9lictuel

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À l'étranger, [...] la compétence de la loi locale reste généralement le principe [...]  2, record 36, French, - principe%20de%20la%20loi%20applicable%20au%20d%C3%A9lit

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] la tendance [...] est de laisser le juge déterminer dans chaque cas, comme pour le contrat, la loi applicable (the proper law of the tort) [...]  2, record 36, French, - principe%20de%20la%20loi%20applicable%20au%20d%C3%A9lit

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The motive for any tortious act is not usually important in tort law. Conduct may be tortious even though the actor is acting in order to benefit the plaintiff's health, as part of an initiation ceremony as a practical joke, or even in a complimentary manner, as by kissing a person of the opposite sex.  2, record 37, English, - tortious%20act

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

lex loci delicti commissi :Law of the country where the tort is committed.  1, record 38, English, - lex%20loci%20delicti%20commissi

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lex loci delicti commissi: Expression and definition reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  2, record 38, English, - lex%20loci%20delicti%20commissi

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La Loi du lieu où le délit a été commis.  1, record 38, French, - lex%20loci%20delicti%20commissi

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ley del lugar de comisión de un delito.  1, record 38, Spanish, - lex%20loci%20delicti%20commissi

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lex loci delicti commissi: Expresión y definición reproducidas del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 38, Spanish, - lex%20loci%20delicti%20commissi

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tort Law  1, record 39, English, - competing%20causes

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source(s): C.S.C., 1996.  1, record 39, English, - competing%20causes

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Responsabilité civile délictuelle  1, record 39, French, - causes%20possibles

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

First and foremost, tort law is a compensator. A successful action puts money into the pocket of the claimant. This payment is supposed to reimburse him for the economic and psychic damages he has suffered at the hands of the defendant.  1, record 40, English, - psychic%20damage

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit de la responsabilité délictuelle joue, d'abord et avant tout, un rôle réparateur. Le demandeur qui a gain de cause reçoit une somme d'argent à titre de réparation des préjudices financier et moral qu'il a subis par la faute du demandeur.  1, record 40, French, - pr%C3%A9judice%20moral

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa  2, record 40, French, - pr%C3%A9judice%20moral

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The defence in the law of torts and criminal law of showing that the act complained of was lawful and justifiable. Accordingly, in the tort of defamation to show the truth of the alleged statement is justification.  2, record 41, English, - justification

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

justification : Dans le contexte de la diffamation.  1, record 41, French, - justification

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish