TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The total amount of energy taken from some stock or resource that is needed to supply a commodity or service, as measured under an agreed set of conventions.  2, record 1, English, - energy%20requirement

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy requirements are usually measured in units of energy per physical unit such as gigajoules per tonne (GJ/te) or kilowatt hours per pound (kWh/lb).  2, record 1, English, - energy%20requirement

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Besoins énergétiques : Énergie requise pour l'exploitation et l'entretien d'une installation.  3, record 1, French, - besoin%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The demand and supply of water are important determinants of canopy surface conductance and the rate of carbon diffusion into leaves. The energy balance determines the total energy available to drive photosynthesis and the temperature of plant tissues. Temperature affects rates of metabolic activities and the response of plant metabolism to temperature is important to determine their distribution and growth rate.  2, record 2, English, - energy%20balance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Somme des flux énergétiques de toute nature dont un système ou une surface est le siège.  2, record 2, French, - bilan%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On convient généralement de considérer les flux entrants comme positifs et les sortants comme négatifs. Quatre flux énergétiques principaux sont en cause, le flux radiatif, le flux thermique, le flux hydrique (évaporation, condensation) et le flux métabolique (photosynthèse, respiration). En toute rigueur et à court terme, il faut ajouter à ces quatre flux un terme rendant compte des fluctuations thermiques temporelles, c'est-à-dire des variations du stock d'énergie du système. À part le flux d'énergie d'origine métabolique, tous les autres termes sont de nature strictement physique.  2, record 2, French, - bilan%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Linking of an exogonic reaction and an endogonic reaction in such a way that there is only a small net change in free energy, resulting in an overall reversible reaction. In living organisms, anabolic reactions are coupled with catabolic reactions resulting in the build up of complex molecules, but with an overall loss of energy as metabolic heat.  2, record 3, English, - coupled%20reaction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coupling is brought about when an enzyme causes a substrate that is to be consumed... to react with one of the cell' s small-molecule energy donors(say, ATP) to give rise to an energized activated substrate molecule. The subsequent decomposition of this activated substrate in the synthetic reaction will release significant energy, which will result in the synthetic reaction.... The need for cells to carry on simultaneously many different coupled reactions requires cells to devote a significant part of their total metabolic activity to the constant replenishment of their ATP supply. In animal cells and in most bacteria, the formation of ATP is coupled with the breakdown of food molecules that are even more rich in energy. In cells that carry out photosynthesis, the energy of sunlight is used directly to make ATP.  3, record 3, English, - coupled%20reaction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les cellules vivantes doivent effectuer un certain nombre de réactions endergoniques; ce sont non seulement des réactions anaboliques [...], mais encore certaines réactions de transports, de transmissions, des travaux mécaniques, fonctionnement du système nerveux, réactions cataboliques, en particulier lorsque les substrats doivent être activés avant de pouvoir être dégradés. [...] L'énergie nécessaire est fournie par les réactions exergoniques grâce au couplage énergétique. Ce couplage énergétique est une des grandes caractéristiques des êtres vivants. D'une part, il implique que la réaction exergonique qui fournit l'énergie ait un [delta]G' négatif plus élevé en valeur absolue que le [delta]G' positif de la réaction endergonique qui lui est couplée. D'autre part, les deux réactions couplées doivent avoir un intermédiaire commun.  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9action%20coupl%C3%A9e

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The Electrical Energy Branch] provides policy advice on the role of electricity in the context of total energy supply...  1, record 4, English, - total%20energy%20supply

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish