TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heating and cooling can account for about half of a home's total utility bill.... By upgrading to a high-efficiency system... energy costs [can be cut] while keeping [the] family perfectly comfortable. Use [an] energy savings calculator... to see how much... could [be saved].  2, record 1, English, - energy%20savings%20calculator

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy spectroscopy. For energy analysis the output current pulse from a PMT [photomultiplier tube] or from a semiconductor detector is often applied to a charge-sensitive preamplifier. The preamplifier produces a voltage pulse with a peak amplitude that is proportional to the total charge in the current pulse, which is proportional to the energy absorbed from the incident radiation. Amplifiers and filters are used to expand the range of the peak amplitude and to shape the signal from the preamplifier, a process that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for the system. For energy analysis the peak amplitude of the shaped pulse represents the information of interest. Discriminators and single-channel analyzers(SCA) can be used, following the signal shaping system, to determine the presence of certain energies of detected radiation. A discriminator produces an output logic pulse if it's input signal exceeds a preset threshold level. An SCA produces an output logic pulse if the peak amplitude of it's input signal falls within the energy window that is established with two preset threshold levels.  1, record 2, English, - energy%20spectroscopy

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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[Dans un détecteur fonctionnant en impulsion] La mesure de la hauteur d’impulsion fournit […] l’information énergie puisque celle-ci est proportionnelle aux charges créées dans le détecteur. Ce mode de fonctionnement est utilisé en spectroscopie d’énergie.  1, record 2, French, - spectroscopie%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9nergie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form.  1, record 3, English, - photovoltaic%2Dthermal%20system

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A photovoltaic-thermal system is a type of total energy system.  2, record 3, English, - photovoltaic%2Dthermal%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Système photovoltaïque qui, en plus de convertir la lumière solaire en électricité, capte l'énergie thermique résiduelle et distribue la chaleur et l'électricité sous une forme utilisable.  2, record 3, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20photovolta%C3%AFque%2Dthermique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On classe ce genre de système dans la catégorie des systèmes à utilisation intégrale de l'énergie.  2, record 3, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20photovolta%C3%AFque%2Dthermique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance average 1 kW/m².  3, record 4, English, - peak%20sun%20hours

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The intensity of the Sun's radiation changes with the hour of the day, time of the year and weather conditions. To be able to make calculations in planning a system, the total amount of solar radiation energy is expressed in hours of full sunlight per m², or Peak Sun Hours.  2, record 4, English, - peak%20sun%20hours

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For example, six peak sun hours means that the energy received during total daylight hours equals the energy that would have been received had the irradiance for six hours been 1 kW/m².  3, record 4, English, - peak%20sun%20hours

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Expression du nombre d'heures par jour où le rayonnement solaire sur Terre équivaut à la valeur moyenne de 1 kW/m² (un kilowatt par mètre carré).  3, record 4, French, - temps%20d%27ensoleillement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The difference between the absorbed solar radiation and the net infrared radiation.  8, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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The radiation balance of the Earth system is an accounting of the incoming and outgoing components of radiation. These components are balanced over long time periods and over the Earth as whole, if they weren’t the Earth would be continually cooling or warming. However, over a short period of time, radiant energy is unequally distributed over the Earth. [In general, the radiation balance at the earth’s surface is positive by day and negative by night.]  9, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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The radiation balance can be altered by factors such as intensity of solar energy, reflection by clouds or gases, absorption by various gases or surfaces, and emission of heat by various materials.  10, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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The difference between the absorbed solar energy and the emitted OLR [outgoing longwave radiation] of the planet is referred to as the net radiation budget.  4, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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A portion of the sunlight that reaches Earth is absorbed into the system, while some of the light is reflected by our planet back into space. Some of the sunlight that gets absorbed is converted to heat and later emitted by the surface and atmosphere back up into space. The term "net radiation" refers to the total amount of sunlight and heat energy that does not escape from the top of the Earth's atmosphere back into space. More precisely, net radiation is the sum total of shortwave and longwave electromagnetic energy, at wavelengths ranging from 0. 3 to 100 micrometers, that remains in the Earth system.  11, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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In some sources, "net radiation" has the same meaning as of "radiation balance".  12, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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radiation budget: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Official Approval Group (ROAG).  12, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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Earth, longwave, shortwave, solar, surface radiation balance.  12, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

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Earth, longwave, shortwave, solar, surface radiation budget.  12, record 5, English, - radiation%20balance

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] différence entre la part du rayonnement incident absorbé par la terre et son atmosphère, qui réchauffe cet ensemble, et le rayonnement thermique réémis par cet ensemble vers l'espace.  5, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

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Les apports d'énergie par le rayonnement solaire se font surtout aux courtes longueurs d'ondes, tandis que la réémission par la surface terrestre, après absorption et transformation d'énergie, se fait à des longueurs d'onde plus longues dans l'infrarouge thermique. [...] La quantité d'énergie réémise vers l'espace par la Terre dépend de nombreux facteurs en interrelation, tels que la quantité de nuages, leur altitude, les gouttelettes et la vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère, les gaz à effet de serre, les types d'occupation du sol et leurs températures de surfaces. Les capteurs construits pour mesurer le bilan radiatif, et embarqués à bord des satellites, analysent simultanément l'énergie reçue au sommet de l'atmosphère et celle réémise par l'ensemble Terre-atmosphère. Le bilan est la différence de ces mesures.  5, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

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Le bilan radiatif de la Terre dresse la quantité d'énergie reçue ([W/m²]) par le système climatique Terre-atmosphère et la quantité d'énergie réémise vers l'espace. Lorsque le bilan est nul, la température moyenne de la planète est stable.  6, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

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Pour mesurer le rayonnement net, c'est-à-dire la différence entre les rayonnements (solaire, atmosphérique et du sol) dirigés vers le sol et vers l'espace, [...] on peut utiliser un pyrradiomètre différentiel [...]  4, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

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Bilan radiatif [...] encore appelé rayonnement net (Rn) [...]  4, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

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bilan radiatif : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  7, record 5, French, - bilan%20radiatif

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

1) En un nivel dado, diferencia entre los flujos de radiación (solar y terrestre) descendente y ascendente. 2) En la superficie de un cuerpo, diferencia entre los flujos de radiación (solar y terrestre) incidente y reflejado o difuso.  1, record 5, Spanish, - balance%20de%20la%20radiaci%C3%B3n

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... scientists must determine whether Earth's energy budget is in balance. That is, over the course of a year, does the amount of solar energy entering the climate system equal the total amount of energy that is escaping back into space?... portion of the sunlight that reaches Earth is absorbed into the system, while some of the light is reflected by our planet back into space. Some of the sunlight that gets absorbed is converted to heat and later emitted by the surface and atmosphere back up into space.... Regions of positive net radiation indicate areas of energy surplus in the Earth system(i. e., green regions over the tropics) and areas of negative net radiation signify regions of energy deficit(such as blue regions over high latitudes and the poles).  2, record 6, English, - energy%20deficit

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors d'éruptions [volcaniques] majeures, les cendres injectées dans l'atmosphère, ainsi que les aérosols formés, induisent des perturbations climatiques majeures susceptibles d'affecter l'ensemble de la planète. En effet, cendres et aérosols absorbent les radiations solaires et les réfléchissent dans l'espace, ce qui provoque un déficit d'énergie reçue par la Terre. La température globale moyenne peut alors chuter de quelques dixièmes de degrés, voire de quelques degrés en cas d'éruptions très violentes.  3, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sur Terre, les régions de basses latitudes (comprises entre 40°N et 40°S) reçoivent plus d'énergie par absorption du rayonnement solaire qu'elles n'en perdent par émission de rayonnement infrarouge. Mais l'excès d'énergie des basses latitudes est transporté par la circulation atmosphérique et océanique vers les régions de hautes latitudes. Dans l'atmosphère et sous nos latitudes (40-50°), ce transport d'énergie se fait principalement via les systèmes dépressionnaires, particulièrement actif en hiver lorsque le déficit énergétique des régions polaires est le plus important.  2, record 6, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... scientists must determine whether Earth's energy budget is in balance. That is, over the course of a year, does the amount of solar energy entering the climate system equal the total amount of energy that is escaping back into space?... portion of the sunlight that reaches Earth is absorbed into the system, while some of the light is reflected by our planet back into space. Some of the sunlight that gets absorbed is converted to heat and later emitted by the surface and atmosphere back up into space.... Regions of positive net radiation indicate areas of energy surplus in the Earth system(i. e., green regions over the tropics) and areas of negative net radiation signify regions of energy deficit(such as blue regions over high latitudes and the poles).  2, record 7, English, - internal%20energy%20deficit

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Understands basic features of the Earth. Level IV ... knows the major external and internal sources of energy on Earth (e.g., the Sun is the major external source of energy; the decay of radioactive isotopes and gravitational energy from the Earth’s original formation are primary sources of internal energy).  3, record 7, English, - internal%20energy%20deficit

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lors d'éruptions [volcaniques] majeures, les cendres injectées dans l'atmosphère, ainsi que les aérosols formés, induisent des perturbations climatiques majeures susceptibles d'affecter l'ensemble de la planète. En effet, cendres et aérosols absorbent les radiations solaires et les réfléchissent dans l'espace, ce qui provoque un déficit d'énergie reçue par la Terre. La température globale moyenne peut alors chuter de quelques dixièmes de degrés, voire de quelques degrés en cas d'éruptions très violentes.  2, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20interne

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] les échanges de chaleur entre océan et atmosphère se font en grande partie sous forme de transfert de chaleur latente, lorsque l'eau de l'océan s'évapore, puis se condense dans l'atmosphère. [...] Ces transferts affectent d'une part l'océan [...] Ils affectent aussi l'atmosphère, puisque la condensation de la vapeur d'eau est une source d'énergie interne de l'atmosphère, et que la vapeur d'eau comme les nuages produisent un effet de serre, et modifient les transferts de rayonnement dans l'atmosphère.  3, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20interne

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An infrared(IR) detector basically is composed of a filter and lens system used to screen out unwanted wavelengths and focus the incoming energy on a photovoltaic or photoresistive cell sensitive to infrared energy... IR flame detectors can respond to the total IR composant of the flame alone or in combination with flame flicker in the frequency range of 5 to 30 H2.  2, record 8, English, - infrared%20flame%20detector

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On classe les détecteurs de flammes [...] en trois catégories : ceux qui détectent la lumière du spectre ultraviolet (détecteurs UV) [...], ceux qui détectent la lumière du spectre infrarouge (détecteur IR) [...] et ceux qui détectent les deux types de lumière.  4, record 8, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20de%20flamme%20infrarouge

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... ability of water to do work. i.e. Move from one location to another.  2, record 9, English, - total%20water%20potential

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Water Potential is defined as the potential energy of water per unit mass of water in the system. The total water potential of a sample is the sum of four component potentials : gravitational, matric, osmotic, and pressure. Gravitational potential depends on the position of the water in a gravitational field. Matric potential depends on the adsorptive forces binding water to a matrix. Osmotic potential depends on the concentration of dissolved substance in the water. Pressure potential depends on the hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure on the water.  3, record 9, English, - total%20water%20potential

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Total water potential = matric potential + osmotic potential + gravitational potential ...  4, record 9, English, - total%20water%20potential

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Pure water has a potential of 0 by definition.  2, record 9, English, - total%20water%20potential

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Le potentiel total, somme en chaque point de tous les potentiels énumérés ci-dessous. [...] - le potentiel pascalien ou hydrostatique [...]; - le potentiel capillaire [...]; - le potentiel d'adhésion [...]; - le potentiel gravitationnel [...]; - le potentiel matriciel [...]  1, record 9, French, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le plus souvent l'eau se déplace : infiltration dans le sol après une pluie ou une irrigation, percolation en profondeur jusqu'à la nappe, déplacement de l'eau de la nappe, vers une source ou des drains, remontées capillaires jusqu'à la surface évaporante ou la zone de succion racinaire, flux liquide du sol jusqu'au feuilles. Ces transferts sont dus à des différences de potentiel hydrique total.  1, record 9, French, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kinetic energy kill systems can either be of the rocket-propelled missile type, or of the hypervelocity gun system. The High Frontier study sees the deployment of carrier satellites with conventional missiles as a practical proposition. The total mass of such a system precludes comprehensive deployment. A more promising area for research into kinetic energy kill systems is to be the hypervelocity electromagnetic railgun. This system uses a high energy electromagnetic field to accelerate a hit-to-kill projectile to speed of the order of 5-25 km per second. Again, the power requirements for such a system are prodigious, and are likely to need nuclear generators.  2, record 10, English, - hypervelocity%20electromagnetic%20railgun

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System(CERES) scanning radiometer has 3 channels : a total and a shortwave channel, which are used to determine broadband outgoing longwave radiation and reflected solar radiation, and a 8 to 12 micron window channel.  2, record 11, English, - window%20channel

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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[The] electric power system... consists of power generation, energy storage and power management and distribution equipment. The electricity is generated in a system of solar arrays which total 27, 000 square feet(about 1/2 acre) in size. The largest of the solar array panels is 13 feet wide by 50 feet long.  2, record 12, English, - electric%20power%20system

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

electric power system; EPS: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 12, English, - electric%20power%20system

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 PHR

End-to-end electric power system.  4, record 12, English, - electric%20power%20system

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la Batterie 1, est l'une des six batteries de la Station [qui] avait été débranchée du système d'alimentation électrique [...]  3, record 12, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27alimentation%20%C3%A9lectrique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système d'alimentation électrique; EPS : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 12, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27alimentation%20%C3%A9lectrique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fractional degree to which the ATP-ADP-AMP system is filled with high-energy phosphate groups.  2, record 13, English, - energy%20charge

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The energy charge is 1 if the total adenine nucleotide pool is fully phosphorylated to ATP and 0 if the adenine nucleotides are "empty" and present only as AMP. Normally the energy charge of cells is about 0. 9, meaning that the adenylate system is almost completely charged.  2, record 13, English, - energy%20charge

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

L'importance (exprimée par un rapport fractionnel) des groupements phcophates riches en énergie dans le système ATP-ADP-AMP.  1, record 13, French, - charge%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system which meets all the energy requirements of a site by on-site generation of electricity, waste heat recovery from the prime movers, and the provision of supplementary heat  1, record 14, English, - total%20energy%20system

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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... energy conservation law... The total energy of an isolated system remains constant irrespective of whatever internal changes may take place. Energy disappearing in one form reappears in another.  1, record 15, English, - energy%20conservation%20law

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gas turbine engines.  1, record 16, English, - advanced%20total%20energy%20system

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish