TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A trial that is divided into two stages, such as for guilt and punishment or for liability and damages.  2, record 1, English, - bifurcated%20trial

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A common example of a "bifurcated trial" is one in which the question of liability in a personal injury case is tried separately from and prior to a trial on the amount of damages to be awarded if liability is found. A "bifurcated trial" in such a case is advantageous because if the defendant is not found liable, there is no need to spend the money or time in the presentation of proof and witnesses on the issue of damages.  4, record 1, English, - bifurcated%20trial

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procès dans lequel deux étapes distinctes se succèdent - par exemple, l'une pour l'établissement des responsabilités ou de la culpabilité et l'autre pour la détermination des dommages-intérêts ou de la peine.  2, record 1, French, - proc%C3%A8s%20%C3%A0%20deux%20volets

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On any trial a witness may be cross-examined as to previous statements that the witness made... relative to the subject-matter of the case, without... the witness being given the opportunity to... take cognizance of the statements, but, if it is intended to "contradict the witness, "the witness’ attention must, before the contradictory proof can be given, be called to those parts of the statement that are to be used for the purpose of so contradicting the witness...  2, record 2, English, - contradict%20a%20witness

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors de tout procès, un témoin peut être contre-interrogé au sujet des déclarations antérieures qu’il a faites [...] relativement au sujet de la cause, sans qu’il lui soit permis d’en prendre connaissance. Cependant, si l’on entend «mettre le témoin en contradiction» avec lui-même au moyen de cette pièce, l’on doit, avant de pouvoir établir cette preuve contradictoire, appeler son attention sur les parties de celle-ci qui doivent servir à le mettre ainsi en contradiction.  2, record 2, French, - contredire%20un%20t%C3%A9moin

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

documentary evidence. A type of written proof that is offered at a trial to establish the existence or nonexistence of a fact that is in dispute.  2, record 3, English, - documentary%20evidence

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Letters, contracts, deeds, licenses, certificates, tickets, or other writings are documentary evidence.  2, record 3, English, - documentary%20evidence

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Practicada mediante el análisis de documentos, cosas o instrumentos que pueden ser útiles para el esclarecimiento de los hechos objeto de la pretensión procesal.  2, record 3, Spanish, - prueba%20documental

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any species of proof, or probative matter, legally presented at the trial of an issue, by the act of the parties and through the medium of witnesses, records, documents, exhibits, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or jury as to their contention.(Black's, p. 498)  1, record 4, English, - evidence

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To urge a presumption of law in support of one’s case is adducing proof, but it is not offering evidence.  1, record 4, English, - evidence

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - preuve

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of a trial in which the party with the initial burden of proof presents his evidence after which he rests.(Black's, p. 196)  1, record 5, English, - case%20in%20chief

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve principale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - preuve%20principale

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trial judge based his decision on the existence of a reasonable doubt with regard to essential facts though, in the course of the trial, he had indicated he was satisfied by the proof of the same facts and as against the Crown, had decisively put an end to it.  1, record 6, English, - essential%20fact

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le premier juge a statué au motif d'un doute raisonnable quant à certains faits essentiels alors qu'il s'était, en cours d'enquête, déclaré convaincu par la preuve de ces mêmes faits et y avait, à l'encontre du ministère public, péremptoirement mis un terme.  1, record 6, French, - fait%20essentiel

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A majority of the Court of Appeal overturned the decision with respect to the sexual assaults on the grounds that the trial judge had failed to consider the serious inconsistencies in H's testimony in determining whether the alleged sexual assaults had been proven to the standard of proof that was “commensurate with the allegation”, and had failed to scrutinize the evidence in the manner required.  1, record 7, English, - serious%20inconsistencies

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les juges majoritaires de la Cour d’appel ont infirmé sa décision quant aux agressions sexuelles au motif qu’elle avait omis de prendre en compte les contradictions importantes du témoignage de H pour déterminer si les agressions sexuelles avaient été prouvées suivant la norme de preuve « proportionnée à l’allégation » et qu’elle n’avait pas examiné la preuve aussi attentivement qu’elle l’aurait dû.  1, record 7, French, - contradictions%20importantes

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A paper, document, drawing, photograph, article that is produced and exibited to a court during a trial or hearing as evidence.  1, record 8, English, - exhibit

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Exhibits are documents or materials which are produced and introduced to a court during a trial. They are used as proof of facts which form the subject matter of the trial.(From Crime to Punishment : an Introduction to the Criminal Law System, 1988, p. 201).  2, record 8, English, - exhibit

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] la prise de connaissance par le tribunal de l'état d'un objet ou d'une personne. [...] - Il peut s'agir de l'apparence d'une personne, vivante ou morte, présente à la cour ou représentée au moyen d'une photographie, d'un film ou d'un croquis. [...] - Il peut s'agir d'un objet trouvé [...] - Un document peut également, dans certaines circonstances, être considéré comme une (telle preuve); - Il en est de même pour l'enregistrement d'une conversation au moyen d'un dispositif électronique quelconque, [...] ou le tournage d'une scène au moyen d'une caméra. (Droit de la preuve pénale, 1987, p. 285).  2, record 8, French, - preuve%20mat%C3%A9rielle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout objet pertinent à la cause peut être produit à l'enquête par un témoin pour examen par le tribunal. [...] le juge peut prendre connaissance d'une pièce composante d'un appareil mécanique, visionner un film, examiner un plan ou croquis, etc, selon la nature de la cause. La preuve matérielle peut non seulement servir à compléter et illustrer les explications d'un témoin mais elle peut également valoir comme meilleure preuve. (La procédure et la preuve 2 : procédure civile et pratique, Barreau du Québec, 1986, vol. 2, p. 164).  2, record 8, French, - preuve%20mat%C3%A9rielle

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proof-The establishment of a fact by the use of evidence-Anything that can make a person believe that a fact or proposition is true or false. It is distinguishable from evidence in that proof is a broad term comprehending everything that may be adduced at a trial, whereas evidence, is a narrow term describing certain types of proof that can be admitted at trial.  2, record 9, English, - proof%20of%20the%20contrary

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of the most ancient forms of trial in England that required the accused person to submit to a dangerous or painful test on the theory that God would intervene and disclose his or her guilt or innocence.  3, record 10, English, - ordeal

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trial by ordeal is a judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting them to a painful task. In some cases, the accused was considered innocent if they survived the test, or if their injuries healed; in others, only death was considered proof of innocence.(If the accused died, they were often presumed to have gone to a suitable reward or punishment in the afterlife, which was considered to make trial by ordeal entirely fair).  4, record 10, English, - ordeal

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ordalie : épreuve judiciaire moyenâgeuse qui faisait appel aux éléments de la nature pour prononcer le verdict. Le jugement de Dieu par l'eau, le feu.  3, record 10, French, - ordalie

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historiquement, épreuves judiciaires : épreuves auxquelles on soumettait des accusés, des adversaires, en faisant appel à l'intervention de Dieu pour désigner le coupable ou trancher une contestation.  4, record 10, French, - ordalie

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prueba ritual usada en la antigüedad para establecer la certeza, principalmente con fines jurídicos, y una de cuyas formas es el juicio de Dios.  1, record 10, Spanish, - ordal%C3%ADa

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Probative. Having the effect of proof, tending to prove, or actually proving. When a legal controversy goes to trial, the parties seek to prove their cases by the introduction of evidence. All courts are governed by rules of evidence that describe what types of evidence are admissible.  2, record 11, English, - probative%20oath

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Probative. Tending to prove or disprove. Courts can exclude relevant evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.  3, record 11, English, - probative%20oath

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Serment prêté par une personne en vue de faire la preuve d'un fait.  1, record 11, French, - serment%20probatoire

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pre-cursor to a limited edition series, these initial prints are pulled so that the artist may examine, refine and perfect the prints to the desired final state.  1, record 12, English, - trial%20proof

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avant le bon à tirer quelques épreuves sont tirées pour choisir le papier, les encres etc. Ces épreuves d'atelier sont appelées épreuves d'essai.  2, record 12, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20d%27essai

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of trial proof taken from a wood block which has been blackened with smoke.  1, record 13, English, - smoke%20proof

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It may be taken by the woodcutter to serve as a model for the printer. More recently, the term has been used to describe a fine quality impression taken by hand from a wood block.  1, record 13, English, - smoke%20proof

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épreuve d'essai d'une gravure ou d'un cliché, généralement tirée en noir.  1, record 13, French, - fum%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle maintenant fumé une épreuve en noir d'un cliché.  1, record 13, French, - fum%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of reading the proof(or trial impression) and comparing it to the original copy to ensure that corrections have been made accurately. Proofs are designated by their form, ie, galley, page, blueline.  2, record 14, English, - proofreading

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de lecture et comparaison des épreuves avec le texte original pour s'assurer que les corrections ont été bien faites. Selon l'étape d'avancement des travaux les épreuves prennent la forme de galée, de mise en page ou de bleu.  1, record 14, French, - lecture%20d%27%C3%A9preuves

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La lecture d'épreuve est l'étape qui suit la correction d'épreuves.  2, record 14, French, - lecture%20d%27%C3%A9preuves

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Diagnosing Magnesium Deficiency.... Probably the best test, although certainly not full proof, is the magnesium loading test.... Perhaps the best method of diagnosing magnesium deficiency, however, is the combination of signs and symptoms of magnesium deficiency, which improve with a therapeutic trial of either oral or injected magnesium.  3, record 15, English, - magnesium%20deficiency

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les meilleures sources de magnésium se trouvent dans les aliments qui sont naturellement énergétiques, ce qui explique que la déficience en magnésium soit fréquente, surtout chez les personnes soucieuses de contrôler leur poids.  1, record 15, French, - d%C3%A9ficience%20en%20magn%C3%A9sium

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une diminution de l'excrétion rénale de [la] charge [intraveineuse de magnésium], moins de 80 pour cent sur 24 heures, est suggestive de carence magnésique.  2, record 15, French, - d%C3%A9ficience%20en%20magn%C3%A9sium

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Instead, genetic evidence allowed prosecutors to place a suspect at the scene of a crime, to in-one-in-a-million accuracy ... The accuracy of DNA evidence, at least in England and Wales, has grown even more important now that people who are suspected or convicted of burglaries, sex crimes, or other serious offenses must give a sample of tissue for DNA analysis. Their genetic fingerprint will be stored in a national database ...  1, record 16, English, - genetic%20evidence

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Évidence : Every type of proof legally presented at a trial(allowed by the judge) which is intended to convince the judge and/or the jury of alleged facts material to the case.(The Real Life Dictionary of the Law)  2, record 16, English, - genetic%20evidence

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La preuve génétique a lieu lorsque les empreintes génétiques d'un homme coïncident avec l'ADN de prélèvements effectués sur les lieux du crime et conservés dans une banque d'ADN.  1, record 16, French, - preuve%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish