TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition to the vertical distribution of air temperature, there also exists a horizontal distribution of air temperature, due to the differential heating of the incoming solar radiation between the low and high latitudes. Typically, the air temperature decreases poleward in the troposphere.  1, record 1, English, - horizontal%20distribution%20of%20air%20temperature

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A multidecadal geopotential height pattern in the upper troposphere of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere... characterized by the nearly zonal symmetry of geopotential height and temperature between 35° and 65°N and the equivalent barotropic vertical structure with the largest amplitude in the upper troposphere.  1, record 2, English, - Eurasian%2DPacific%20multidecadal%20oscillation

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This pattern is named the Eurasian-Pacific multidecadal oscillation (EAPMO) to describe its multidecadal time scale and the largest amplitudes over Eurasia and the North Pacific.  1, record 2, English, - Eurasian%2DPacific%20multidecadal%20oscillation

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heights in the troposphere are determined primarily by the average temperature of the troposphere below a pressure level of interest. Example : The 500 millibar height is influenced by the average temperature from the surface to the 500 millibar level.  1, record 3, English, - average%20temperature

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Promedio de lectura de temperatura tomadas durante un período de tiempo determinado.  2, record 3, Spanish, - temperatura%20media

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Por lo general es el promedio entre las temperaturas máximas y mínima.  2, record 3, Spanish, - temperatura%20media

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concept which explains the relative constancy of pressure at the Earth's surface on the basis that latitudinal temperature changes in the troposphere are accompanied by temperature changes in the opposite sense in the stratosphere.  2, record 4, English, - compensation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concept qui explique la constance relative de la pression à la surface terrestre par des variations de température avec la latitude qui sont de sens opposés dans la stratosphère et dans la troposphère.  2, record 4, French, - compensation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concepto que explica por qué, sobre la superficie de la Tierra, las variaciones de la presión con la latitud son pequeñas. Ello se debe a que los cambios con la latitud de la temperatura en la troposfera van acompañados por cambios de la temperatura en la estratosfera de signo opuesto.  1, record 4, Spanish, - compensaci%C3%B3n

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Continental arctic air, cA. This air mass originated over a snow-and ice-covered region. The air temperature in the troposphere rises or remains nearly stable with altitude, so this air is subject to intense cooling from below, with the result that deep inversions, called arctic inversions, occur in its lower layers.  4, record 5, English, - continental%20arctic%20air%20mass

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air continental arctique, cA. À sa source, la masse d'air continentale arctique recouvre une région glacée et enneigée. Comme la température de l'air dans la troposphère croît ou reste presque stable avec l'altitude, le refroidissement intense que subit cet air en surface cause une profonde inversion dans ses couches inférieures.  1, record 5, French, - masse%20d%27air%20continentale%20arctique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

masa de aire ártica continental: La documentación impresa y los sitios web de fuentes reconocidas consultados hacen concordar el adjetivo "ártico" con aire y no con masa. La concordancia de los adjetivos con "masa" se observa en fuentes menos fidedignas.  3, record 5, Spanish, - masa%20de%20aire%20%C3%A1rtico%20continental

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heights in the troposphere are determined primarily by the average temperature of the troposphere below a pressure level of interest. Example : The 500 millibar height is influenced by the average temperature from the surface to the 500 millibar level. The vertical depth of cold air tends to be shallow behind the cold front boundary but is much deeper, a few [hundred] miles behind the cold front boundary.  1, record 6, English, - cold%20front%20boundary

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once formed, a tropical cyclone is maintained by the extraction of heat energy from the ocean at high temperature and heat export at the low temperatures of the upper troposphere. In this they differ from extratropical cyclones, which derive their energy from horizontal temperature contrasts in the atmosphere(baroclinic effects).  1, record 7, English, - baroclinic%20effect

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

troposphere : Lowermost layer of the atmosphere in which air temperature falls steadily with increasing altitude.  1, record 8, English, - lowermost%20layer%20of%20the%20atmosphere

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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troposphère : Couche inférieure de l'atmosphère où la température de l'air décroît régulièrement avec l'altitude.  1, record 8, French, - couche%20inf%C3%A9rieure%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The region of the atmosphere extending from the top of the troposphere (the tropopause), at heights of roughly 1017 km, to the base of the mesosphere (the stratopause), at a height of roughly 50 km.  2, record 9, English, - stratosphere

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The stratosphere is characterized by constant or increasing temperatures with increasing height and marked vertical stability. It owes its existence to heating of ozone by solar ultraviolet radiation, and its temperature varies from 85°C or less near the tropical tropopause to roughly 0°C at the stratopause. While the major constituents of the stratosphere are molecular nitrogen and oxygen, just as in the troposphere, the stratosphere contains a number of minor chemical species that result from photochemical reactions in the intense ultraviolet radiation environment. Chief among these is ozone, the presence of which shelters the underlying atmosphere and the earth's surface from exposure to potentially dangerous ultraviolet radiation.  2, record 9, English, - stratosphere

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stratosphere: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 9, English, - stratosphere

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Région de l'atmosphère située dans l'homosphère entre la troposphère et la mésosphère (à des altitudes comprises entre 11 et 50 km environ).  2, record 9, French, - stratosph%C3%A8re

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La limite supérieure de cette région est appelée stratopause, la limite inférieure tropopause. L'altitude de la stratopause varie peu, sa température est de l'ordre de 270 kelvins (-3 °C), alors que la tropopause est plus variable. La stratosphère est une région calme de l'atmosphère, riche en ozone, qui absorbe les rayons ultraviolets du Soleil. La température y croît avec l'altitude.  2, record 9, French, - stratosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On y trouve, vers vingt-cinq kilomètres d'altitude, l'ozonosphère ou couche d'ozone.  3, record 9, French, - stratosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La stratosphère fut découverte en 1902 par le météorologue français Léon Teisserenc de Bort, grâce à l'utilisation de ballons-sondes.  2, record 9, French, - stratosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

stratosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 9, French, - stratosph%C3%A8re

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zona de la atmósfera, entre 12 y 70 km de altitud, localizada sobre la troposfera.  3, record 9, Spanish, - estratosfera

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Ver término "atmósfera superior".  4, record 9, Spanish, - estratosfera

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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... John Christy at the University of Alabama... developed a method of determining the temperature of the lower troposphere by measuring microwave emissions from molecular oxygen(O₂) in the atmosphere...  1, record 10, English, - method%20of%20determining%20the%20temperature

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principales méthodes de détermination de la température : 1. Mesures par contact. [...] 2. Mesures à distance.  1, record 10, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20d%C3%A9termination%20de%20la%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even the seemingly small level of disagreement between surface and deep layer temperature trends can not be reproduced by current GCMís, which slave globally-averaged deep tropospheric temperatures to any surface temperature fluctuations... However, we know that convective air currents and the air-conditioning effects of water cause the atmospheric temperature profile to change by a much larger amount, about 80 deg. C, between the surface and 10 km altitude when compared to a hypothetical Earth without these processes... Thus, it is critical to validate whether the parameterizations of moist convective processes in GCMís are realistic enough to capture the ways in which the tropospheric temperature profile fluctuates naturally in response to this transport of heat from the surface to the upper troposphere.  1, record 11, English, - tropospheric%20temperature%20profile

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Très importants aussi vis-à-vis du profil de température troposphérique sont les changements de phase de la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'atmosphère : ainsi la formation de gouttelettes d'eau et de cristaux de glace comportent, pour l'atmosphère, des sources locales non négligeables de chaleur.  1, record 11, French, - profil%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20troposph%C3%A9rique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The troposphere extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 8 to 10 kilometers at polar latitudes, 10 to 12 kilometers at middle latitudes, and up to 18 kilometers at the equator. It is characterized by a temperature decrease with height. The point at which the temperature ceases to decrease with height is known as the tropopause. The average vertical temperature gradient of the troposphere varies between 6 and 7 degrees Celsius per kilometer.  1, record 12, English, - average%20vertical%20temperature%20gradient

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gradient vertical moyen de température dans l'air est de l'ordre de - 0,65 °C pour 100 mètres. Dans le sol, le gradient géothermique moyen est de + 3 °C pour 100 mètres.  1, record 12, French, - gradient%20vertical%20moyen%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gradient : Taux de variation d'une grandeur physique ou d'une fonction dans une direction donnée.  1, record 12, French, - gradient%20vertical%20moyen%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our analysis shows that biomass aerosols appear to cool the surface relative to mid-troposphere temperature. The average surface temperature change is-0. 3 K for biomass carbon.  1, record 13, English, - mid%2Dtroposphere%20temperature

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Surface and low to mid-tropospheric temperature are often confused, but they are not interchangeable.  5, record 13, English, - mid%2Dtroposphere%20temperature

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une carte des températures de la troposphère moyenne sur l'Atlantique extraites des données de sondage du flux HRPT.  1, record 13, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20la%20troposph%C3%A8re%20moyenne

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temporary or permanent breakdown of the antarctic or arctic stratospheric vortex, in late winter or early spring, due to a rapid rise of temperature of the polar stratosphere (up to about 50 K in a few days).  3, record 14, English, - explosive%20warming

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stratospheric warming(also called sudden warming) [means a] rise in temperature of the stratosphere in the polar region in late winter resulting from enhanced propagation of energy from the troposphere by planetary-scale waves.  4, record 14, English, - explosive%20warming

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As a result of a high balloon ascent the explosive warming of the stratosphere above 20 km height ("stratospheric warming") was discovered over Berlin in 1952.  5, record 14, English, - explosive%20warming

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effondrement temporaire ou permanent du tourbillon stratosphérique antarctique ou arctique, tard en hiver ou au début du printemps, lié à une hausse rapide de la température de la stratosphère polaire (jusqu'à 50 K en quelques jours).  1, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9chauffement%20explosif

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Desaparición permanente o transitoria del torbellino estratosférico antártico o ártico ocasionado por una rápida subida de la temperatura de la estratosfera polar (del orden de unos 50 K en unos pocos días) a finales del invierno o a principios de la primavera.  1, record 14, Spanish, - calentamiento%20explosivo

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Atmospheric temperature from the earth’s surface to 500 hPa (rather than to 10km).  6, record 15, English, - lower%20troposphere%20temperature

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Surface and low to mid-tropospheric temperature are often confused, but they are not interchangeable.  4, record 15, English, - lower%20troposphere%20temperature

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

troposphere: The layer of air continually stirred by weather systems (bounded by the surface and the tropopause).  5, record 15, English, - lower%20troposphere%20temperature

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En l'absence de nébulosité, il fournit des informations sur la température de la basse troposphère, qui peuvent être utilisées pour évaluer la stabilité statique.  1, record 15, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20la%20basse%20troposph%C3%A8re

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Atmospheric temperature measured in degrees Kelvin extending from 500 to 100 hPa.  3, record 16, English, - upper%20troposphere%20temperature

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Température de la haute troposphère et de la stratosphère avec forte résolution verticale.  1, record 16, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20la%20haute%20troposph%C3%A8re

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Atmospheric temperature extending from the earth’s surface to the tropopause.  2, record 17, English, - tropospheric%20temperature

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The diurnal variation of the tropospheric temperature on one day in August 1998 at the tropical station Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) has been studied using the MST radar technique. The diurnal variation of the temperature revealed a prominent diurnal variation with the peak in the afternoon hours increasingly delayed in altitude. The tropopause temperature and altitude exhibited a clear diurnal cycle.  1, record 17, English, - tropospheric%20temperature

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puisque la température de la troposphère (partie basse de notre atmosphère, dans laquelle se trouve les nuages) diminue avec l'altitude, les nuages de haute altitude (étage supérieur) sont plus froids que ceux de basse altitude (étage inférieur)!  2, record 17, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20troposph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Normalement, les stations canadiennes constatent que l'ozone atteint son épaisseur maximale en mars (moyenne tenant compte de facteurs climatologiques), après quoi elle s'appauvrit tout au long du printemps et de l'été, pour atteindre son niveau le plus bas en octobre. Ce cycle est attribuable à des phénomènes atmosphériques à grande échelle. On enregistre également des variations locales bien plus rapides au cours d'une même journée, à la suite de changements dans les variables météorologiques, comme le vent, les configurations de pression, les températures troposphériques et stratosphériques ainsi que la hauteur de la tropopause.  3, record 17, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20troposph%C3%A9rique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The lowest level above a specific location where the temperature is 0°C.  3, record 18, English, - freezing%20level

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FRZ(freezing level) is the pressure level in the troposphere where the temperature is freezing(32°F, 0°C).... FRZ is located as the intersection between the 0 degree C isotherm and the temperature sounding. In the sounding below the FRZ level is 571 mb. You can verify this by following the 0°C isotherm from the bottom of the diagram up to the 571 mb pressure level. At this pressure level the sounding temperature will be intersected. To get our bearings, at 571 mb, the dewpoint is-10°C, temperature is 0°C and theoretical temperature an air parcel raised from PBL would be is 4°C.  2, record 18, English, - freezing%20level

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The freezing level will rise to 2800 metres tomorrow. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  4, record 18, English, - freezing%20level

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freezing level: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  5, record 18, English, - freezing%20level

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Niveau le plus bas au-dessus d'un endroit déterminé auquel la température est de 0 °C.  3, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

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Le niveau de congélation s'élèvera jusqu'à 2 800 mètres demain. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  4, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le niveau de gel représente l'altitude à partir de laquelle le phénomène de congélation transforme par exemple la neige superficielle en glace. Ce niveau est très proche ou égal à l'isotherme 0 °C au sol, sur les pentes, en l'absence de vent fort ou d'une forte humidité; aussi appelle t-on parfois l'isotherme 0 °C le «niveau de congélation». L'équivalence n'est cependant pas toujours stricte.  5, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'isotherme 0 °C est d'usage plus général que le niveau de congélation; l'altitude de l'isotherme 0 °C correspond, par définition, au niveau de congélation. Jusqu'à présent, Environnement Canada utilise toujours «niveau de congélation» dans ses prévisions, [source : Philippe-Alain Bergeron, météorologue, Environnement Canada.]  6, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Ne pas confondre «niveau de gel» avec «niveau de congélation», le premier s'appliquant au gel sur une surface solide (sol, manteau neigeux...), alors que le second correspond à l'altitude à laquelle la température de l'air est de 0 °C. On peut très bien avoir du gel au sol alors que la température de l'air sous abri à 2 m au-dessus du sol est de 2 ou 3 degrés (avec un niveau de congélation possiblement 200, 300 voire 500 m plus haut), particulièrement par une nuit claire avec des vents légers favorisant un refroidissement rapide du sol. [source : Philippe-Alain Bergeron, météorologue, Environnement Canada.]  6, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 4 OBS

niveau de congélation : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  6, record 18, French, - niveau%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nivel más bajo por encima de un emplazamiento determinado en donde se encuentra una temperatura de 0°C.  2, record 18, Spanish, - nivel%20de%20congelaci%C3%B3n

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. It reaches over 560 kilometers(348 miles) from the surface of the Earth, so we are only able to see what occurs fairly close to the ground.... Life on Earth is supported by the atmosphere, solar energy, and our planet's magnetic fields. The atmosphere absorbs the energy from the Sun, recycles water and other chemicals, and works with the electrical and magnetic forces to provide a moderate climate. The atmosphere also protects us from high-energy radiation and the frigid vacuum of space. The envelope of gas surrounding the Earth changes from the ground up. Four distinct layers have been identified using thermal characteristics(temperature changes), chemical composition, movement, and density [:] the troposphere..., the stratosphere..., the mesophere..., the thermosphere. The exosphere starts at the top to the thermosphere and continues until it merges with interplanetary gases, or space. In this region of the atmosphere, Hydrogen and Helium are the prime components and are only present at extremely low densities.  3, record 19, English, - Earth%26rsquo%3Bs%20atmosphere

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

terrestrial atmosphere: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 19, English, - Earth%26rsquo%3Bs%20atmosphere

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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Notre Terre est entourée d'une couche de gaz qui l'entoure. Cette couche est appelée atmosphère terrestre. Elle se compose à 78 % d'azote, 21 % d'oxygène, 0,9 % d'argon, 0,03 % de dioxyde de carbone et des traces d'autres gaz dont du dioxyde de carbone. L'atmosphère est indispensable à la survie de la planète. Elle absorbe une partie des rayons ultra violets du soleil grâce à la couche d'ozone et maintient une température constante sur terre afin de rendre la vie possible grâce à l'effet de serre. L'atmosphère intervient également dans le cycle de l'eau qu'elle permet de recycler. L'atmosphère est épaisse de 480 km mais 90 % des gaz se trouvent entre 0 km et 10 km au-dessus du niveau de la mer.  2, record 19, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20terrestre

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'atmosphère est composée de 4 grandes couches majeures : la troposphère [;] la stratosphère [;] la mésophère [;] la thermosphère [et] l'exosphère [qui] s'étend au-delà de la thermosphère.  3, record 19, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20terrestre

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

atmosphère terrestre : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 19, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20terrestre

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Envoltura gaseosa que rodea a la Tierra, a la que se mantiene unida, girando con ella, por causa de la gravitación.  2, record 19, Spanish, - atm%C3%B3sfera%20terrestre

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A series of temperature measurements taken at various levels in the atmosphere that show the thermal structure of the atmosphere over a specific location.  3, record 20, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The type of precipitation that will fall from clouds in any given storm is largely dependent on what is called the vertical temperature profile. A vertical temperature profile is a series of temperature measurements taken at various levels of the troposphere. Meteorologists send up weather balloons twice each day to detect the air temperatures at different elevations in the troposphere. During the winter months, access to temperature data reported back from weather balloons helps meteorologists to more accurately forecast what type of precipitation is on the way. Temperature profiles, however, can change completely due to many factors in the troposphere.  4, record 20, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vertical temperature profile: Obtained through a rawinsonde sounding or comparable method, and exhibited in a skew t-log p diagram.  3, record 20, English, - vertical%20temperature%20profile

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graphique montrant la variation de la température avec la hauteur.  1, record 20, French, - profil%20vertical%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis 1960, les satellites météorologiques apportent une vision globale et planétaire de l'état de l'atmosphère. Les satellites en orbite polaire (passant à peu près par l'axe des pôles) survolent la totalité de la Terre deux fois par jour. Ils fournissent une image des masses nuageuses et de leur évolution, ainsi qu'une multitude de données relatives à la température de surface des océans, à la quantité d'ozone atmosphérique, à l'humidité des sols, à la surface couverte par les glaces marines et continentales dans les hautes latitudes. Ils enregistrent des informations sur l'état de l'atmosphère, en particulier le profil vertical de la température à partir duquel on peut, par exemple, déduire la distribution de la vapeur d'eau.  3, record 20, French, - profil%20vertical%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación gráfica de la variación de la temperatura con la altura.  1, record 20, Spanish, - perfil%20vertical%20de%20la%20temperatura

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of the atmosphere (i.e. the troposphere and lower stratosphere) in which most weather phenomena occur.  2, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is the lower atmosphere? The troposphere is the layer of neutral atmosphere from the Earth's surface up to the tropopause at around 10 kilometers. The stratosphere is the layer of neutral atmosphere from around 10 kilometers to around 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface, the temperature increasing steadily due to absorption of UV radiation by ozone. It is in these regions that weather patterns occur.  3, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ozone does occur naturally in the lower atmosphere (troposphere), but only in relatively low background concentrations of about 30 parts per billion (ppb) ...  4, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The boundaries of the lower atmosphere vary among authors.  5, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

lower atmosphere: ... used in contrast to the common meaning for the upper atmosphere. In other contexts, the term implies the lower troposphere.  2, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

lower atmosphere: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 21, English, - lower%20atmosphere

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de l'atmosphère située au-dessous de la haute atmosphère.  2, record 21, French, - basse%20atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ainsi, le domaine de la basse atmosphère s'identifie à la troposphère, riche en vapeur d'eau et en nuages, et au sein de laquelle la température décroît dans l'ensemble assez régulièrement avec l'altitude.  3, record 21, French, - basse%20atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les limites de la basse atmosphère varient énormément d'un auteur à l'autre; il s'agit d'un terme qui sert à désigner commodément et sans trop de précision la région située sous celle qui présente de l'intérêt pour un auteur donné. De façon générale, la basse atmosphère commence sous la tropopause.  2, record 21, French, - basse%20atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

basse atmosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 21, French, - basse%20atmosph%C3%A8re

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Limit between the homosphere and the heterosphere, at a height of about 80 km.  3, record 22, English, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The homopause (or turbopause) marks the ceiling of the homosphere.  2, record 22, English, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[The] homopause [is] the top of the homosphere, or the level of transition between it and the heterosphere. It probably lies between 80 and 90 km, where molecular oxygen begins to dissociate into atomic oxygen. The homopause is somewhat lower in the daytime than at night.  4, record 22, English, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The homosphere can be broadly divided into three distinct regimes: the troposphere (0 to 12 km), the stratosphere (12 to 50 km) and the mesosphere (50 to 90 km)  2, record 22, English, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The "homosphere" is a subdivision of the atmosphere based on its chemical composition whereas the "troposphere", the "stratosphere" and the "mesosphere" are subdivisions of the atmosphere based on its temperature.  5, record 22, English, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Used in the sense of "homopause", "turbopause" is a synonym.  5, record 22, English, - homopause

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Limite entre l'homosphère (au-dessous) et l'hétérosphère, à une altitude d'environ 80 km.  1, record 22, French, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la turbopause [...] limite supérieure de l'homosphère, la densité atmosphérique est devenue assez faible pour que la tendance au mélange des gaz s'estompe.  2, record 22, French, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La subdivision de l'atmosphère selon la composition chimique de l'air crée deux grandes zones : l'homosphère, où les constituants sont mélangés de façon relativement homogène et l'hétérosphère, où les constituants se concentrent à différentes altitudes.  3, record 22, French, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La majorité des auteurs utilise le terme «turbopause» au sens d'«homopause»; en ce sens ils sont synonymes.  4, record 22, French, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La «turbopause» est aussi la limite supérieure de la «turbosphère» qui est une subdivision de l'atmosphère basée sur son processus de mélange alors que l'«homopause» est la limite supérieure de l'«homosphère» qui est une subdivision de l'atmosphère basée sur sa composition chimique.  4, record 22, French, - homopause

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 OBS

La partie supérieure d'une couche est identifiée en remplaçant le suffixe «sphère» du nom de la couche par le suffixe «pause», d'où «thermopause» et «thermosphère» ainsi que «homopause» et «homosphère».  4, record 22, French, - homopause

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Límite entre la homosfera (por debajo) y la heterosfera, a una altitud de unos 80 km.  1, record 22, Spanish, - homopausa

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Region of the atmosphere, situated between the stratopause and the mesopause, in which the temperature generally decreases with height.  2, record 23, English, - mesosphere

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The atmosphere can be divided accordingly to : 1. A temperature distribution :troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. 2. A dynamical process distribution : turbosphere, diffusosphere and exosphere. 3. A charged particle distribution : neutrosphere and ionosphere. 4. A composition distribution : homosphere and heterosphere. 5. A physico-chemical process distribution : chemosphere and ozono-sphere.  3, record 23, English, - mesosphere

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

mesosphere: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 23, English, - mesosphere

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Région de l'atmosphère, située entre la stratopause et la mésopause, dans laquelle la température décroît généralement avec l'altitude.  2, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9sosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette couche s'étend sur environ 35 kilomètres d'altitude dans l'atmosphère. Jadis, on incluait la stratosphère moyenne et supérieure dans la mésosphère; cette structure est abandonnée maintenant.  3, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9sosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'atmosphère se subdivise de différentes façons, entre autres, selon sa température. Elle comprend alors : la troposphère, la stratosphère, la mésosphère et la thermosphère.  4, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9sosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

mésosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 23, French, - m%C3%A9sosph%C3%A8re

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Región de la atmósfera, situada entre la estratopausa y la mesopausa, en que la temperatura generalmente decrece con la altitud.  3, record 23, Spanish, - mesoesfera

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of the Earth’s upper atmosphere which is sufficiently ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation so that the concentration of free electrons affects the propagation of radio waves; its base is at about 40 or 50 miles (70 or 80 kilometers) and it extends to an indefinite height.  4, record 24, English, - ionosphere

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ionosphere is one of the highest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. The ionosphere starts at about 43-50 miles (70-80 km) high and continues for hundreds of miles (about 400 miles = 640 km). ... The ionosphere is located between the mesosphere and the exosphere (and is [the lower] part of the thermosphere). Auroras occur in the ionosphere.  5, record 24, English, - ionosphere

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The layers of the atmosphere [based on the temperature] are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere.... The ionosphere is the lower part of the thermosphere.... The exosphere is the upper part of the thermosphere.  6, record 24, English, - ionosphere

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The ionosphere ... is divided into three layers [or regions]: D-layer (50-90 km), E-layer (90-150 km), and F-layer (150-1000 km).  7, record 24, English, - ionosphere

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ionosphere: term standardized by ISO.  8, record 24, English, - ionosphere

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone de la haute atmosphère de la Terre, ou de certaines planètes, caractérisée par la présence de particules chargées (électrons et ions) formées principalement par photo-ionisation sous l'effet de rayonnement solaire.  2, record 24, French, - ionosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Historiquement, l'ionosphère a donc été divisée en couches distinctes, la première à avoir été détectée étant la région E (couche de Kennelly-Heaviside). Par ordre alphabétique, on a ensuite la couche F située au-dessus de la couche E. La couche F se subdivise généralement en deux couches, la couche F1 située vers 170 km et la couche F2 située au-delà de 250 km. La couche D, située entre 60 et 90 km échappe au sondage vertical (méthode des échos). Pour la détecter, on emploie des sondages obliques utilisant des fréquences plus petites (grandes longueurs d'onde).  3, record 24, French, - ionosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les quatre principales couches atmosphériques, quand la subdivision de l'atmosphère se fait à partir de la température, sont la troposphère, la stratosphère, la mésosphère et la thermosphère. La thermosphère comprend l'ionosphère (la partie inférieure) et l'exosphère (la partie supérieure).  4, record 24, French, - ionosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ionosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 24, French, - ionosph%C3%A8re

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Región de la atmósfera, situada aproximadamente entre 70 y 500 km, en que hay iones y electrones libres en número suficiente para reflejar las ondas electromagnéticas.  2, record 24, Spanish, - ionosfera

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The region from the surface of the earth to an altitude of about 12 km is called the troposphere. In this region most of the earth’s weather features appear, and the majority of the atmospheric mixing occurs.  3, record 25, English, - atmospheric%20mixing

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The atmospheric regions of the homosphere can be described by the pattern of the temperature distribution : the troposphere... ;the stratosphere... ;the mesosphere... ;the thermosphere... Vertical profile of the total concentration in the homosphere, air mixing is sufficient to maintain an uniform air composition : 78% N₂, 21% O₂ and 1% Ar.  2, record 25, English, - atmospheric%20mixing

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On groupe sous le nom de turbulence toute une catégorie de phénomènes assez différents, mais qui se traduisent tous par l'agitation et le brassage de l'air dans une couche d'épaisseur limitée (quelques dizaines ou quelques centaines de mètres).  1, record 25, French, - brassage%20de%20l%27air

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les concentrations de polluants sont réduites par le mélange atmosphérique, lequel dépend d'un certain nombre de conditions météorologiques comme la température, la vitesse du vent, ainsi que le mouvement des systèmes de pression haute et basse et leur interaction avec la topographie locale, par exemple les montagnes et les vallées.  3, record 25, French, - brassage%20de%20l%27air

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An Atmospheric Chemistry Mission-intended to advance understanding of the chemistry of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, the exchange processes and its radiative balance; to provide global observations of ozone and related species(including nitrogen and chlorine oxides, precursors of tropospheric ozone, etc.) together with water vapour and temperature.  2, record 26, English, - atmospheric%20chemistry%20mission

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un des neuf projets en concurrence en mai 1996 pour le choix d'un satellite d'observation de la Terre (Exploration ou Surveillance de la Terre).  1, record 26, French, - mission%20de%20chimie%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A frequent atmospheric condition in which the tropopause appears not as a continuous single "surface" of discontinuity between the troposphere and the stratosphere, but as a series of quasi-horizontal "leaves" which are partly overlapping in a step-like arrangement.  2, record 27, English, - multiple%20tropopause

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The multiple tropopause is most common above regions of large horizontal temperature contrast in the troposphere. In the more extreme conditions the components of the multiple tropopause are not distinct, and the tropopause is then just a deep zone of transition between troposphere and stratosphere.  3, record 27, English, - multiple%20tropopause

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condition atmosphérique souvent rencontrée dans laquelle la tropopause n'apparaît pas comme une «surface» de discontinuité unique entre la troposphère et la stratosphère, mais comme une série de «feuillets» quasi horizontaux qui sont en partie imbriqués en escalier.  1, record 27, French, - tropopause%20multiple

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situación atmosférica frecuente en la que la tropopausa no aparece como una sola "superficie" de discontinuidad térmica entre la troposfera y la estratosfera, sino como una serie de "láminas" casi horizontales que se superponen en escalera.  1, record 27, Spanish, - tropopausa%20m%C3%BAltiple