TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even the seemingly small level of disagreement between surface and deep layer temperature trends can not be reproduced by current GCMís, which slave globally-averaged deep tropospheric temperatures to any surface temperature fluctuations... However, we know that convective air currents and the air-conditioning effects of water cause the atmospheric temperature profile to change by a much larger amount, about 80 deg. C, between the surface and 10 km altitude when compared to a hypothetical Earth without these processes... Thus, it is critical to validate whether the parameterizations of moist convective processes in GCMís are realistic enough to capture the ways in which the tropospheric temperature profile fluctuates naturally in response to this transport of heat from the surface to the upper troposphere.  1, record 1, English, - tropospheric%20temperature%20profile

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Très importants aussi vis-à-vis du profil de température troposphérique sont les changements de phase de la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'atmosphère : ainsi la formation de gouttelettes d'eau et de cristaux de glace comportent, pour l'atmosphère, des sources locales non négligeables de chaleur.  1, record 1, French, - profil%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20troposph%C3%A9rique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A maximum in large particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km.  5, record 2, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While searching for debris from nuclear bomb tests, Christian Junge discovered in 1960 a layer of microscopic aerosol particles between the tropopause and about 18 miles (30 km) altitude. These particles are composed of sulfuric acid and water and are formed by the chemical transformation of sulfur-containing gases. This layer is called the Junge Layer or the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer.  6, record 2, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The relative maximum of the global vertical aerosol concentration profile in the lower stratosphere is commonly referred to as the Junge aerosol layer, or simply the Junge layer. It is of great importance to study the formation of this layer and to monitor its changes because of the possible impacts of these stratospheric aerosols to global climate. At present, the formation mechanism of the Junge layer is not well understood. Current theories of Junge layer formation include the injection of sulfate particles by volcanic eruptions, turbulent diffusion of tropospheric sulfates, natural(biogenic) emissions of carbonyl sulfide, and other processes.  7, record 2, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stratospheric aerosols have a maximum concentration around 20 km and contain large fractions of sulfate.  8, record 2, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It is a worldwide phenomenon.  5, record 2, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couche d'aérosols de plusieurs kilomètres d'épaisseur située dans la stratosphère à une altitude d'environ 20 km  4, record 2, French, - couche%20d%27a%C3%A9rosols%20stratosph%C3%A9riques

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sulfates disparaissent brusquement de la couche d'aérosols stratosphériques au-delà de 22-23 km d'altitude [...] Il semble donc qu'ils apparaîtraient à ce niveau par réaction [de l'acide sulfurique] néoformé sur l'ammoniac et qu'ils se sédimentent lentement vers le sol. Cette couche joue donc un rôle important dans le cycle biogéochimique du soufre et dans une moindre mesure dans celui de l'azote.  1, record 2, French, - couche%20d%27a%C3%A9rosols%20stratosph%C3%A9riques

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concentración máxima de partículas grandes observada en la estratosfera baja entre 15 y 25 km.  1, record 2, Spanish, - capa%20de%20aerosol%20de%20Junge

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Es un fenómeno mundial.  1, record 2, Spanish, - capa%20de%20aerosol%20de%20Junge

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The theory of tropospheric scattering is based on a combination of several models : The mechanism indicated by fig. 2a involves a tropospheric layer, or feuillet, which has a sufficiently abrupt change in refractive index, usually associated with fair weather conditions, to reflect a substantial amount of radio energy at the grazing angles and frequencies of interest.  1, record 3, English, - feuillet

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de l'atmosphère qui présente des caractéristiques nettement différentes de celles de l'atmosphère ambiante, dont les dimensions horizontales sont de l'ordre de plusieurs hectomètres, les dimensions verticales étant beaucoup plus petites, et dont le déplacement par rapport au sol ne peut être négligeable.  1, record 3, French, - feuillet

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment(LITE) is being developed by Nasa Langley Research Center for a series of flights on the space shuttle. Using a laser, a telescope approximately 1 meter in diameter and a modular design, the system will be used to study clouds, tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols, characteristics of the planetary boundary layer, stratospheric density and temperature pertubations, and to some degree, surface topography.  2, record 4, English, - lidar%20in%2Dspace%20technology%20experiment

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish