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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The susceptible-infected-susceptible(SIS) model of Weiss and Dishon is one of the simplest models of endemic infections. The model describes the evolution of an infection in a fixed population, with no restriction on the possibility of reinfection of a previously infected and now recovered individual. This is in contrast to the venerable susceptible-infection-recovered(SIR) model, where reinfection is not permitted. Both models exhibit a threshold value of the infectivity, below which the infection immediately dies out. Below the threshold, where only a tiny fraction of the population is impacted, the two models have essentially equivalent statistical properties. Above the threshold, in the SIR model, the infection is self-limiting, since in a fixed population the number of potential new victims, the susceptible pool, is monotonically decreasing in size. The SIS model, on the other hand, describes an endemic infection which can(above the threshold) persist indefinitely, at least at the deterministic level. Thus, the statistics of infection size in the two models above the threshold are very different.  1, record 1, English, - susceptible%2Dinfected%2Dsusceptible%20model

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On considère une population close et on modélise la propagation d’une maladie infectieuse dans cette population. On suppose que les individus composant la population peuvent être dans l’un de deux états : ils sont susceptibles (à la maladie) s’ils n’ont pas contracté la maladie, et infectieux s’ils ont contracté la maladie et qu’ils la propagent. Cela définit donc deux compartiments, l’objet de la modélisation étant de décrire l’évolution du nombre d’individus dans chaque compartiment [...]  2, record 1, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20SIS

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ce modèle est appelé modèle SIS, pour susceptible-infectieux-susceptible.  2, record 1, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20SIS

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pavement structure in which the total thickness is bounded by two mandatory levels, for example the upper level of a gravity rainwater collector under the structure, and housing threshold levels at the surface.  1, record 2, English, - restricted%20thickness%20pavement

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

restricted thickness pavement: term and definition proposed by the World Road Association.  2, record 2, English, - restricted%20thickness%20pavement

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structure de chaussée dont l'épaisseur totale est bornée par deux cotes de nivellement obligatoires comme par exemple la cote supérieure d'un collecteur d'eau pluviale gravitaire sous la structure et la cote des seuils d'habitation en surface.  1, record 2, French, - chauss%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9paisseur%20impos%C3%A9e

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaussée à épaisseur imposée : terme et définition proposés par l'Association mondiale de la route.  2, record 2, French, - chauss%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9paisseur%20impos%C3%A9e

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Earscan is available in two versions : as a threshold audiometer, or as a pass/fail screening audiometer. Threshold establishes the patient's ability to hear the lowest possible hearing level. Screening gives a quick indication of the patient's hearing potential based on preset pass/fail criteria.  2, record 3, English, - screening%20audiometer

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy spectroscopy. For energy analysis the output current pulse from a PMT [photomultiplier tube] or from a semiconductor detector is often applied to a charge-sensitive preamplifier. The preamplifier produces a voltage pulse with a peak amplitude that is proportional to the total charge in the current pulse, which is proportional to the energy absorbed from the incident radiation. Amplifiers and filters are used to expand the range of the peak amplitude and to shape the signal from the preamplifier, a process that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for the system. For energy analysis the peak amplitude of the shaped pulse represents the information of interest. Discriminators and single-channel analyzers(SCA) can be used, following the signal shaping system, to determine the presence of certain energies of detected radiation. A discriminator produces an output logic pulse if it's input signal exceeds a preset threshold level. An SCA produces an output logic pulse if the peak amplitude of it's input signal falls within the energy window that is established with two preset threshold levels.  1, record 4, English, - energy%20spectroscopy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans un détecteur fonctionnant en impulsion] La mesure de la hauteur d’impulsion fournit […] l’information énergie puisque celle-ci est proportionnelle aux charges créées dans le détecteur. Ce mode de fonctionnement est utilisé en spectroscopie d’énergie.  1, record 4, French, - spectroscopie%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9nergie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Second carrier designation policy. Clear rules will govern the allocation of second designation opportunities. Assessment of applications for second designation for scheduled passenger services by a Canadian carrier, large or small, will be guided for market thresholds, as follows :-in country markets with at least 300, 000 one-way origin/destination passengers per year travelling by scheduled air service, second designations will be made.... Applications for designation in markets already served by two carriers will not be considered until markets have grown significantly beyond their current passenger level. The only exception will be the United States which is by far Canada's largest international market. Under the recently signed "open skies" agreement, any Canadian carrier will be permitted to serve any route to the United States.... In order to facilitate this policy, Canada will negotiate second designation rights in markets as they mature, whenever practical, and will seek agreement on the necessary capacity and frequency of service to give effect to such rights. As of the date of announcement of this policy, the following country markets meet the 300, 000 passenger threshold, thereby enabling second carrier designation : the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Hong Kong and Japan.  3, record 5, English, - designated%20air%20carrier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Transport Canada. "Canada’s International Air Transportation Policy", December 1994.  3, record 5, English, - designated%20air%20carrier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "double designation".  3, record 5, English, - designated%20air%20carrier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

designated carrier; designated air carrier: terms officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 5, English, - designated%20air%20carrier

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Politique de désignation de second transporteur. Des règles claires régiront l'attribution des opportunités de désignation de second transporteur. L'évaluation des demandes de second transporteur pour des services passagers réguliers par un transporteur canadien, gros ou petit, sera basée sur des seuils de marché comme suit : - dans les marchés qui ont annuellement au moins 300 000 passagers aller simple en provenance ou à destination d'un pays desservi par service régulier, on fera des désignations de second transporteur [...] Le gouvernement se réservera le droit d'imposer des limites au service des transporteurs désignés. Les demandes de désignation dans des marchés déjà desservis par deux transporteurs ne seront pas considérées jusqu'à ce que ces marchés aient évolué suffisamment au-delà de leurs niveaux actuels de passagers. La seule exception sera les États-Unis qui sont de loin le marché international le plus important du Canada. Aux termes de l'entente «à ciels ouverts» récemment signée, tout transporteur canadien recevra la permission de desservir n'importe quelle route à destination des États-Unis. Afin de faciliter cette politique, le Canada négociera des droits de désignation de second transporteur à mesure que les marchés arriveront à maturité [...]. À la date de l'annonce de cette politique, les marchés des pays suivants satisfont au seuil des 300 000 passagers, permettant ainsi la désignation de second transporteur : Royaume-Uni, France, Allemagne, Hong Kong et Japon.  2, record 5, French, - transporteur%20d%C3%A9sign%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : Transports Canada. «La politique canadienne sur le transport aérien international». Décembre 1994.  2, record 5, French, - transporteur%20d%C3%A9sign%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

transporteur désigné : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  3, record 5, French, - transporteur%20d%C3%A9sign%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transportista designado : término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 5, Spanish, - transportista%20designado

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biological effects of ionizing radiation. ... at the upper end of the scale, there is no radiation exposure so high it will guarantee that every exposed individual will suffer the effect. Nor at the lower end is any exposure so low that it will carry no risk to anyone of inducing the effect. These radiation effects are therefore said to have "no threshold." Logically, it follows that any exposure to radiation, no matter how small, carries some risk and that any reduction in exposure, even from an already very low level, confers some benefit. However, it is not always appreciated that the absence of a "safe" threshold is a theoretical assumption and a safety precaution rather than something that can be proven. It is also not well understood that the toxic effects of radiation, for which there is no defined safe level, may not differ fundamentally from those of some chemical toxins for which a "safe" level in the body or in the environment has been declared.  1, record 6, English, - no%20threshold

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Complicating the problem of public perceptions of the level of risk associated with radioactive wastes is the confusion induced by two fundamental principles of radio-biological and radiation protection theory. The first is the "no-threshold" hypothesis, and the second is the "as low as reasonably achievable, "or ALARA, principle. The first principle holds that there is no threshold below which exposure to radiation is entirely safe. The "no threshold" hypothesis-that any exposure to ionizing radiation, no matter how small, will increase the probability of a harmful consequence to an exposed individual-is an important scientific concept.... it is generally agreed that it is wise to err on the side of safety and work from the assumption that there is no safe level.  1, record 6, English, - no%20threshold

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi le terme anglais «threshold limit value».  2, record 6, French, - aucun%20seuil

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Second carrier designation policy. Clear rules will govern the allocation of second designation opportunities. Assessment of applications for second designation for scheduled passenger services by a Canadian carrier, large or small, will be guided by market thresholds, as follows :-in country markets with at least 300, 000 one-way origin/destination passengers per year travelling by scheduled air service, second designations will be made.... Applications for designation in markets already served by two carriers will not be considered until markets have grown significantly beyond their current passenger level. The only exception will be the United States which is by far Canada's largest international market. Under the recently signed "open skies" agreement, any Canadian carrier will be permitted to serve any route to the United States.... In order to facilitate this policy, Canada will negotiate second designation rights in markets as they mature, whenever practical, and will seek agreement on the necessary capacity and frequency of service to give effect to such rights. As of the date of announcement of this policy, the following country markets meet the 300, 000 passenger threshold, thereby enabling second carrier designation : the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Hong Kong and Japan.  1, record 7, English, - second%20carrier%20designation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Transport Canada. "Canada’s International Air Transportation Policy", December 1994.  1, record 7, English, - second%20carrier%20designation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "dual designation" and "designation".  1, record 7, English, - second%20carrier%20designation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Politique de désignation de second transporteur. Des règles claires régiront l'attribution des opportunités de désignation de second transporteur. L'évaluation des demandes de second transporteur pour des services passagers réguliers par un transporteur canadien, gros ou petit, sera basée sur des seuils de marché comme suit : - dans les marchés qui ont annuellement au moins 300 000 passagers aller simple en provenance ou à destination d'un pays desservi par service régulier, on fera des désignations de second transporteur [...] Le gouvernement se réservera le droit d'imposer des limites au service des transporteurs désignés. Les demandes de désignation dans des marchés déjà desservis par deux transporteurs ne seront pas considérées jusqu'à ce que ces marchés aient évolué suffisamment au-delà de leurs niveaux actuels de passagers. La seule exception sera les États-Unis qui sont de loin le marché international le plus important du Canada. Aux termes de l'entente «à ciels ouverts» récemment signée, tout transporteur canadien recevra la permission de desservir n'importe quelle route à destination des États-Unis. Afin de faciliter cette politique, le Canada négociera des droits de désignation de second transporteur à mesure que les marchés arriveront à maturité [...]. À la date de l'annonce de cette politique, les marchés des pays suivants satisfont au seuil des 300 000 passagers, permettant ainsi la désignation de second transporteur : Royaume-Uni, France, Allemagne, Hong Kong et Japon.  1, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9signation%20de%20second%20transporteur

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : Transports Canada. «La politique canadienne sur le transport aérien international». Décembre 1994.  1, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9signation%20de%20second%20transporteur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Second carrier designation policy. Clear rules will govern the allocation of second designation opportunities. Assessment of applications for second designation for scheduled passenger services by a Canadian carrier, large or small, will be guided by market thresholds, as follows :-in country markets with at least 300, 000 one-way origin/destination passengers per year travelling by scheduled air service, second designations will be made.... Applications for designation in markets already served by two carriers will not be considered until markets have grown significantly beyond their current passenger level. The only exception will be the United States which is by far Canada's largest international market. Under the recently signed "open skies" agreement, any Canadian carrier will be permitted to serve any route to the United States.... In order to facilitate this policy, Canada will negotiate second designation rights in markets as they mature, whenever practical, and will seek agreement on the necessary capacity and frequency of service to give effect to such rights. As of the date of announcement of this policy, the following country markets meet the 300, 000 passenger threshold, thereby enabling second carrier designation : the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Hong Kong and Japan.  1, record 8, English, - second%20designation%20rights

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Transport Canada. "Canada’s International Air Transportation Policy", December 1994.  1, record 8, English, - second%20designation%20rights

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "double designation".  1, record 8, English, - second%20designation%20rights

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Politique de désignation de second transporteur. Des règles claires régiront l'attribution des opportunités de désignation de second transporteur. L'évaluation des demandes de second transporteur pour des services passagers réguliers par un transporteur canadien, gros ou petit, sera basée sur des seuils de marché comme suit : - dans les marchés qui ont annuellement au moins 300 000 passagers aller simple en provenance ou à destination d'un pays desservi par service régulier, on fera des désignations de second transporteur [...] Le gouvernement se réservera le droit d'imposer des limites au service des transporteurs désignés. Les demandes de désignation dans des marchés déjà desservis par deux transporteurs ne seront pas considérées jusqu'à ce que ces marchés aient évolué suffisamment au-delà de leurs niveaux actuels de passagers. La seule exception sera les États-Unis qui sont de loin le marché international le plus important du Canada. Aux termes de l'entente «à ciels ouverts» récemment signée, tout transporteur canadien recevra la permission de desservir n'importe quelle route à destination des États-Unis. Afin de faciliter cette politique, le Canada négociera des droits de désignation de second transporteur à mesure que les marchés arriveront à maturité [...]. À la date de l'annonce de cette politique, les marchés des pays suivants satisfont au seuil des 300 000 passagers, permettant ainsi la désignation de second transporteur : Royaume-Uni, France, Allemagne, Hong Kong et Japon.  1, record 8, French, - droits%20de%20d%C3%A9signation%20de%20second%20transporteur

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : Transports Canada. «La politique canadienne sur le transport aérien international». Décembre 1994.  1, record 8, French, - droits%20de%20d%C3%A9signation%20de%20second%20transporteur

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After determination of the direction of the imbalance, any deviation between the signal and the reference level exceeding a threshold value intrinsic to the system... triggers the control unit, which opens one of the two solenoid valves... located on the compressed air inlets to the control jack... controlling the butterfly valve, the latter being partially opened or closed.  1, record 10, English, - control%20jack

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout déséquilibre entre la mesure et la consigne, supérieur au seuil de sensibilité fixé au système [...] est traduit par le régulateur, après discrimination du sens de ce déséquilibre, en un ordre d'action sur l'une des deux électrovannes [...] placées sur les entrées d'air comprimé dans le vérin de commande [...] de la vanne papillon; ce qui entraîne son ouverture ou sa fermeture partielle.  1, record 10, French, - v%C3%A9rin%20de%20commande

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish