TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduction in the average cost of a product, achieved by increasing the volume of output and in that way using labour, machinery, and other factors of production more efficiently.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a smaller country, such as Canada, achieving economies of scale may depend on having access to larger foreign markets, since the Canadian market by itself may be too small to support the most efficient volume of production in many industries. A firm should be able to produce a product more efficiently by making use of modern machinery and equipment, skilled and specialized labour, interchangeable parts, automation and large-scale distribution, and be able as a result to fund on-going research and development.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  2, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

economy of scale: term usually used in the plural.  3, record 1, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abaissement du coût unitaire de production au fur et à mesure que la production augmente.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

économie d'échelle : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 1, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disminución de los costes medios al aumentar la producción y distribuirse los gastos fijos entre mayor número de factores de producción.  2, record 1, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADas%20de%20escala

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An increase in the average cost per unit of production, as production rises, because of the exceedingly large scale on which the producer operates.  3, record 2, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  3, record 2, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This [diseconomy of scale] can be due to internal factors: for example, the firm may become so big that it becomes increasingly costly and difficult to manage and operate. Or it can be due to external factors, such as increased pollution clean-up costs due to the concentration of major industries along the same river or lake system.  3, record 2, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

diseconomy of scale; diminishing return to scale: terms usually used in the plural.  4, record 2, English, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution de l'efficience constatée lorsque la quantité produite croît moins rapidement que les quantités de facteurs de production mis en œuvre, résultant en une hausse du coût de revient du produit.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

déséconomie d'échelle; rendement d'échelle décroissant : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Por oposición a las economías de escala, la situación que se crea, pérdida de control y de disminución de productividad, como consecuencia de la dimensión excesiva - por encima del óptimo - de una empresa, de una ciudad o de una colectividad de cualquier otro tipo. Pueden superarse a través de medidas de racionalización, llegando incluso a la subdivisión del conjunto en partes más fácilmente gobernables por separado.  1, record 2, Spanish, - deseconom%C3%ADa%20de%20escala

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Land with borderline capability for agriculture [between profitable and unprofitable use].  3, record 4, English, - marginal%20land

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans le secteur agricole, il s'agit de terres de mauvaise qualité susceptibles de n'avoir qu'un faible rendement.  2, record 4, French, - terre%20marginale

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce sont les dernières terres à être utilisées pour la production et les premières à être abandonnées.  2, record 4, French, - terre%20marginale

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tierra que apenas cubre sus costes.  3, record 4, Spanish, - tierra%20marginal

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Managing corn production to eliminate stresses could reduce physiological lodging, but this could also reduce productivity to unprofitable levels.  1, record 5, English, - physiological%20lodging

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lodging: The collapse of top-heavy plants, particularly grain crops, because of excessive growth or beating by rain.  2, record 5, English, - physiological%20lodging

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La verse peut être due à un trouble nutritionnel (verse physiologique), à une attaque parasitaire (verse parasitaire), à un dégât d'ordre climatique provoqué par un orage, un coup de vent (verse mécanique),... La verse rend la récolte difficile, provoque des pertes et des pourritures, en particulier dans le cas des fourrages.  1, record 5, French, - verse%20physiologique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

verse : Accident de végétation, concernant surtout les céréales, dont la base des tiges plie et se couche.  1, record 5, French, - verse%20physiologique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A term used to describe the reorganisation of a business, so that it becomes more efficient and profitable. Frequently this may mean the reduction in the number of employees, the sale of part of the business that are either unprofitable or not relevant to the core purpose of the enterprise. Currently it is concerned with the slimming down of an organisation and the more efficient use of labour and capital. [Klein, Gerald. Dictionary of Banking. Pitman Publishing, 1995].  1, record 6, English, - rationalisation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perfectionnement de l'organisation technique en vue d'abaisser les prix, d'accroître la quantité ou d'améliorer la qualité de produits disponibles. [...] Les regroupements par fusion, absorption, entente, accords sont une des formes de la rationalisation.  1, record 6, French, - rationalisation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Over the past 30 years, incessant revelations of corruption have had a devastating affect on national morale-working people see how unprofitable their efforts are in comparison to the dealings of crooked financiers and conniving politicians.  1, record 7, English, - dealings%20of%20crooked%20financiers

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les affaires de corruption sans cesse révélées au cours de ces trente dernières années ont eu un effet dévastateur sur le moral de la population : les travailleurs constatent en effet combien le fruit de leurs efforts est dérisoire par rapport aux sommes impliquées dans les malversations du monde financier et des hommes politiques qui les couvrent.  1, record 7, French, - malversations%20du%20monde%20financier

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In contrast to the high growth period of the late 1980's, Japanese corporations are restructuring, cutting costs and withdrawing from unprofitable markets in the face of increased market difficulties.  1, record 8, English, - market%20difficulty

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aujourd'hui, les sociétés japonaises n'hésitent pas à se restructurer, à réduire leurs coûts et à se retirer des marchés non rentables pour faire face aux difficultés croissantes du marché.  1, record 8, French, - difficult%C3%A9%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The application of science to extend the profitable utilization of agricultural products, especially for non-food purposes.... The concept originated as an approach to the problem of farm surpluses. It was assumed that, because effective food demand was limited, more farm products should become industrial raw materials. The more liberal definition today includes not only non-food uses for farm-grown materials, but development of new crops, markets for presently unprofitable residues, and improved food forms.  2, record 9, English, - chemurgy

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy, chemurgy, single-cell proteins from organic substrates are so to speak, vertical methods; that is, they are directed towards a type of end product, usually derived from oil, coal or natural gas.  3, record 9, English, - chemurgy

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Préparation industrielle de produits chimiques à partir de matières premières d'origines diverses.  3, record 9, French, - chimiurgie

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cadre d'un programme de travaux démarré en 1974, le Centre de Recherche Battelle de Genève a étudié «l'utilisation de sources non fossiles de carbone comme matières premières pour l'industrie chimique». En clair, il s'agissait d'évaluer les possibilités d'une chimiurgie, c'est-à-dire d'une chimie utilisant les produits végétaux comme matière première, en comparaison avec la carbochimie et surtout la pétrochimie.  2, record 9, French, - chimiurgie

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse, vol. 2, 1982, page 2149, le terme «chimiurgie» serait peu usité.  4, record 9, French, - chimiurgie

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

géroub. 51  1, record 10, French, - terne%20et%20monotone

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) one of the effects of scattered development is that agricultural land mingled with areas of urban development can easily become unprofitable.  1, record 12, English, - scattered%20development

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La mode de l'habitat suburbain dispersé, largement d'origine américaine, semble avoir fait son temps.  1, record 12, French, - habitat%20suburbain%20dispers%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) one of the effects of scattered development is that agricultural land mingled with areas of urban development can easily become unprofitable.  1, record 13, English, - scattered%20development

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) de besoin de lutter (...) contre la pollution du paysage causée par la dispersion chaotique et inconsidérée d'installations diverses  1, record 13, French, - dispersion%20chaotique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish