TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An alteration in biologic rhythm due to rapid transport, as by jet aircraft, from one time zone to another.  2, record 1, English, - jet%20lag

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After flying to South Korea from New York, Patsy was suffering from jet lag.  3, record 1, English, - jet%20lag

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Patterns of sleep and wakefulness and of hunger and satiety are often temporarily disrupted, producing disorientation and fatigue.  2, record 1, English, - jet%20lag

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modification du cycle biologique de 24 heures provoquée par un voyage rapide à travers plusieurs fuseaux horaires.  2, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9calage%20horaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Trastorno o malestar producido por un viaje en avión con cambios horarios considerables.  3, record 1, Spanish, - desfase%20horario

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desfase horario; desfasaje horario; desajuste horario; descompensación horaria; jet lag: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que la expresión "desfase horario" es una denominación adecuada para sustituir a la voz inglesa "jet lag". [...] Para sustituir ese anglicismo, el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas propone usar la expresión "desfase horario" o [...] "desfasaje horario", variante también recogida en el Diccionario de la lengua española. También es posible emplear la secuencia "desajuste horario", que pone el foco en las consecuencias para el viajero de esa diferencia horaria entre el lugar de origen y el de destino.  2, record 1, Spanish, - desfase%20horario

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

jet lag: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que si se opta por la forma "jet lag", que se pronuncia /yét lag/, lo adecuado es resaltarla con cursivas, o entre comillas cuando no se dispone de ese tipo de letra, por tratarse de un extranjerismo. Además, se escribe en minúsculas por ser un nombre común y sin guion entre los dos términos que la forman.  2, record 1, Spanish, - desfase%20horario

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During a normal day with daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep, the two processes counteract each other in such a manner that a stable level of low sleepiness is maintained through most of the day, while a stable level of high sleepiness is maintained through most of the night. This results in alert daytime wakefulness and consolidated nighttime sleep...  2, record 2, English, - daytime%20wakefulness

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sommeil nocturne et éveil diurne sont étroitement liés. En effet, un sommeil de mauvaise qualité va entraîner des difficultés de fonctionnement et d'activité dans la journée et un stress diurne mal supporté va perturber la qualité du sommeil.  3, record 2, French, - %C3%A9veil%20diurne

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sleep architecture represents the cyclical pattern of sleep as it shifts between the different sleep stages, including non-rapid eye movement(NREM) and rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. Sleep architecture allows us to produce a picture of what our sleep looks like over the course of a night, taking into account various depths of sleep as well as arousal to wakefulness. Sleep architecture can be represented by a graph called a hypnogram.  2, record 3, English, - sleep%20architecture

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le besoin de sommeil reste identique en vieillissant. Il est donc faux de croire que les personnes âgées ont moins besoin de dormir. Cela dit, avec l'âge, l'architecture du sommeil se modifie et les périodes de sommeil profond tendent à diminuer.  2, record 3, French, - architecture%20du%20sommeil

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

307.43: code used in the ninth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, but not included in the tenth edition.  2, record 5, English, - transient%20disorder%20of%20initiating%20or%20maintaining%20wakefulness

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

307.43 : code de la neuvième édition de la Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes, mais non repris dans la dixième édition.  2, record 5, French, - trouble%20transitoire%20du%20r%C3%A9veil%20ou%20du%20maintien%20de%20l%27%C3%A9tat%20de%20veille

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A state of altered consciousness in which phenomena of sleep and wakefulness are combined[, during which] the individual arises from bed, usually during the first third of nocturnal sleep, and walks about, exhibiting low levels of awareness, reactivity, and motor skill.  4, record 6, English, - somnambulism

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Upon awakening, there is usually no recall of the event.  4, record 6, English, - somnambulism

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

F51.3: code used in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.  5, record 6, English, - somnambulism

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Altération de l'état de conscience tenant à la fois du sommeil et de la veille[, pendant laquelle] l'individu se lève du lit, habituellement au cours du premier tiers du sommeil nocturne et il déambule; ces manifestations correspondent à un niveau réduit de vigilance, de réactivité et d'habileté motrice.  2, record 6, French, - somnambulisme

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au réveil, le sujet ne garde habituellement aucun souvenir de l'épisode.  2, record 6, French, - somnambulisme

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

F51.3 : code de la Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes.  3, record 6, French, - somnambulisme

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Excessive sleepiness is characterized by difficulty maintaining wakefulness and/or an increased propensity to fall asleep when sleep is inappropriate or dangerous.  4, record 7, English, - hypersomnolence

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypersomnolence peut être définie comme l'intrusion d'un besoin de sommeil ou la survenue d'épisodes de sommeil à des moments où normalement l'individu doit être vigilant.  1, record 7, French, - hypersomnolence

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a state of active and deliberate interaction with the environment.  2, record 8, English, - wakefulness

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État du sujet éveillé.  3, record 8, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20veille

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rhythmic movement disorder(RMD) represents an unusual variety of childhood parasomnia characterized by repetitive motion of the head, trunk, or extremities, which usually occurs during the transition from wakefulness to sleep or arises during sustained sleep.  2, record 9, English, - rhythmic%20movement%20disorder

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce trouble, appelé «rythmie du sommeil» [...] est assez fréquent. Il s’agit de mouvements répétés de la tête (ou parfois du tronc) qui surviennent au moment de l’endormissement, et reviennent parfois au courant de la nuit quand l’enfant se réveille.  2, record 9, French, - rythmie%20du%20sommeil

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An important chemical in [the] brain that helps regulate wakefulness and REM [rapid eye movement] sleep.  1, record 10, English, - hypocretin

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

People with narcolepsy have low levels of this neurochemical in their spinal fluid.  1, record 10, English, - hypocretin

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] hormone synthétisée par certains neurones du cerveau et impliquée dans l'état d'éveil.  1, record 10, French, - hypocr%C3%A9tine

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis claims that plastic processes during wakefulness result in a net increase in synaptic strength in many brain circuits; during sleep, synaptic strength is globally downscaled to a baseline level that is energetically sustainable and beneficial for memory and performance.  2, record 11, English, - synaptic%20homeostasis

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] un affaiblissement synaptique ramènerait les circuits cérébraux à un niveau de renforcement et d'efficacité plus économe en énergie et moins exigeant pour les cellules. Nous avons nommé homéostasie synaptique cette hypothèse d'une restauration de l'état de base par le sommeil, qui rendrait au cerveau sa capacité d'apprentissage et d'adaptation lors des phases d'éveil ultérieures.  2, record 11, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20synaptique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la théorie de l’homéostasie synaptique propose que les processus de plasticité cérébrale à l’éveil donnent lieu à une potentiation synaptique dans les réseaux corticaux associés à l’apprentissage, suivie d’une dépotentiation au cours du sommeil qui a pour conséquence une consolidation de l’information.  3, record 11, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20synaptique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Theoretical considerations suggest that consciousness depends on the brain's ability to support complex activity patterns that are, at once, distributed among interacting cortical areas(integrated) and differentiated in space and time(information-rich). We introduce and test a theory-driven index of the level of consciousness called the perturbational complexity index(PCI)... PCI reliably discriminated the level of consciousness in single individuals during wakefulness, sleep, and anesthesia, as well as in patients who had emerged from coma and recovered a minimal level of consciousness. PCI can potentially be used for objective determination of the level of consciousness at the bedside.  3, record 12, English, - perturbational%20complexity%20index

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Cette] méthode permet de quantifier le niveau de conscience d'une personne, qui varie selon son état de sommeil ou d'éveil, ou à la suite de certaines lésions cérébrales [...] Le principe de [cette méthode est de] quantifier la complexité de la réponse cérébrale à une stimulation externe, en l’occurrence une impulsion magnétique appliquée sur le cr ne (on parle de stimulation magnétique transcr nienne, ou TMS).  4, record 12, French, - indice%20de%20complexit%C3%A9%20perturbationnelle

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many dietary supplements contain Ephedra-ephedrine and promote their use for : weight loss, metabolic enhancement, increased energy or wakefulness, appetite suppression, improved mood...  1, record 13, English, - improved%20mood

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The precise, externally conditioned, sleep/wakefulness rhythm has a cycle length of roughly 24 hours,(there are shorter cycles as well, with the most important of these being a secondary sleep/wakefulness cycle that is around 12 hours), is different from the innate circadian physiological cycling with a periodicity of 24. 5 to 25 hours-initiated in infancy and continually reinforced throughout life.  1, record 14, English, - sleep%2Dwakefulness%20rhythm

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La rythmicité nycthémérale (oscillations physiologiques des fonctions de l'organisme au cours d'une journée) n'implique pas obligatoirement la veille et le sommeil.  1, record 14, French, - rythmicit%C3%A9%20nycth%C3%A9m%C3%A9rale

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term (& French equivalent) extracted from the 9th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9).  2, record 15, English, - disorder%20of%20initiating%20wakefulness

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expression (& French equivalent) extracted from the 9th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9).  2, record 16, English, - persistent%20disorder%20of%20initiating%20or%20maintaining%20wakefulness

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another auxiliary symptom(of narcolepsy), sleep paralysis, which may simply be a variant of cataplexy, is a loss of muscle tone that occurs in the transition from wakefulness to sleep, and, less often, on awakening.  1, record 17, English, - sleep%20paralysis

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The peculiarity of the sleep paralysis symptom and its combination with hypnagogic hallucinations have, of course, suggested psychological disturbance.  1, record 17, English, - sleep%20paralysis

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quelquefois des personnes normales, et plus souvent des narcoleptiques, éprouvent la paralysie du sommeil, des épisodes pendant lesquels l'individu, bien que conscient, sent qu'il ne peut bouger.  1, record 17, French, - paralysie%20du%20sommeil

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypnogenous; relating to hypnogenesis; causing sleep or the hypnotic state.  1, record 18, English, - hypnagenic

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In accepting the concept that sleep is an actively induced state we implicitly accept that the functional changes which distinguish sleep from wakefulness are the result of activity in a controlling apparatus which produces sleep in response to one or several "hypnogenic stimuli. "  2, record 18, English, - hypnagenic

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui se produit au moment de l'endormissement (se dit surtout d'illusions visuelles, ou d'images hallucinatoires).  1, record 18, French, - hypnagogique

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les hallucinations hypnagogiques sont dites du "demi-sommeil." Elles ont une apparence de discontinuité, même si des expériences sensorielles itératives semblent s'imposer au sujet passif et on les oppose souvent aux rêves dans lesquels l'individu peut lui-même participer activement à une aventure.  2, record 18, French, - hypnagogique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish