TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A maximum in large particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km.  5, record 1, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While searching for debris from nuclear bomb tests, Christian Junge discovered in 1960 a layer of microscopic aerosol particles between the tropopause and about 18 miles (30 km) altitude. These particles are composed of sulfuric acid and water and are formed by the chemical transformation of sulfur-containing gases. This layer is called the Junge Layer or the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer.  6, record 1, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The relative maximum of the global vertical aerosol concentration profile in the lower stratosphere is commonly referred to as the Junge aerosol layer, or simply the Junge layer. It is of great importance to study the formation of this layer and to monitor its changes because of the possible impacts of these stratospheric aerosols to global climate. At present, the formation mechanism of the Junge layer is not well understood. Current theories of Junge layer formation include the injection of sulfate particles by volcanic eruptions, turbulent diffusion of tropospheric sulfates, natural (biogenic) emissions of carbonyl sulfide, and other processes.  7, record 1, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stratospheric aerosols have a maximum concentration around 20 km and contain large fractions of sulfate.  8, record 1, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It is a worldwide phenomenon.  5, record 1, English, - stratospheric%20aerosol%20layer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couche d'aérosols de plusieurs kilomètres d'épaisseur située dans la stratosphère à une altitude d'environ 20 km  4, record 1, French, - couche%20d%27a%C3%A9rosols%20stratosph%C3%A9riques

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sulfates disparaissent brusquement de la couche d'aérosols stratosphériques au-delà de 22-23 km d'altitude [...] Il semble donc qu'ils apparaîtraient à ce niveau par réaction [de l'acide sulfurique] néoformé sur l'ammoniac et qu'ils se sédimentent lentement vers le sol. Cette couche joue donc un rôle important dans le cycle biogéochimique du soufre et dans une moindre mesure dans celui de l'azote.  1, record 1, French, - couche%20d%27a%C3%A9rosols%20stratosph%C3%A9riques

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concentración máxima de partículas grandes observada en la estratosfera baja entre 15 y 25 km.  1, record 1, Spanish, - capa%20de%20aerosol%20de%20Junge

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Es un fenómeno mundial.  1, record 1, Spanish, - capa%20de%20aerosol%20de%20Junge

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Non-absorbing aerosols increase the albedo of the atmosphere and reduce the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface. If the aerosol absorbs in the shortwave range of the spectrum, energy is directly transferred to the atmosphere. The effect is heating of the atmosphere and cooling of the underlying surface. ... The net effect depends on the ratio of the absorption coefficients in the visible and infrared but also on the albedo of the surface and the altitude of the aerosol layer.  1, record 2, English, - aerosol%20layer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le coefficient de réflexion moyen est plus grand dans l'infra-rouge que dans le visible, les températures au sol s'élèveront. Elles décroîtront dans l'hypothèse inverse. Mais l'absorption intervient aussi dans le coefficient. En effet, les particules captent une partie de l'énergie reçue. Là encore, l'altitude de la couche d'aérosols joue un grand rôle.  1, record 2, French, - couche%20d%27a%C3%A9rosols

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish