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ALKALOID [10 records]

Record 1 2010-06-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biochemistry
  • Grain Growing
CONT

Among the alkaloids produced by grass endophytes, the best known are ergot alkaloids because they are also produced by related fungi known for major poisoning events throughout history. The ergot alkaloids are so named because they are made by ergot fungi; that is, Claviceps species. "Ergots" are hard, dense resting structures of these fungi that typically replace the reproductive structures of Claviceps-infected grass florets. Ergots mimic the size, shape, and density of the seeds, so with traditional winnowing they tend to be retained in the grain rather than being removed with the chaff.

OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biochimie
  • Culture des céréales
CONT

Les alcaloïdes de l'ergot ont probablement été les premières mycotoxines responsables d'intoxications alimentaires par le passé. Ces dernières années il semble qu'il y ait une recrudescence du nombre de cas alors que leur présence dans les céréales avait quasiment disparu durant la seconde moitié du siècle dernier. Les alcaloïdes de l'ergot comprennent un grand nombre de composés différents qui sont produits par le genre Claviceps (seigle et autres céréales) mais aussi par Neotyphodium (champignon endophyte des herbes). Parmi les composés les plus importants on peut citer l'ergotamine, l'ergocristine, l'ergocryptine et l'ergocornine (céréales) mais aussi l'ergovaline, l'ergine, l'erginine et les alcaloïdes de type clavine (herbages).

OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Bioquímica
  • Cultivo de cereales
Save record 1

Record 2 2010-05-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Plant Biology
  • Drug and Beverage Crops
DEF

A nitrogen-containing organic compound of plant origin [that is] often basic and [has] intense biological activity.

CONT

The pharmacological or medicinal activity of opium resides in the alkaloid of which only three, morphine, codeine and papaverine, have important uses.

CONT

... tubocurarine, an alkaloid from one of the many plants used in arrow poisons, acts as a muscle relaxant.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Biologie végétale
  • Culture des plantes alcaloïfères
DEF

[Catégorie] de composés organiques azotés et basiques tirés des végétaux.

CONT

Les principaux alcaloïdes, souvent toxiques même à très faible dose, utilisés en médecine sont l'atropine, la caféine, la codéine, la morphine, la papavérine, la quinine et la strychnine.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
  • Biología vegetal
  • Cultivo de plantas que contienen alcaloides
DEF

Compuesto orgánico básico nitrogenado de origen vegetal. Es tóxico para la fauna.

Save record 2

Record 3 2000-12-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
Save record 3

Record 4 1995-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
CONT

Although biologists have long known that ruminal bacteria break down cellulose, Craig and his colleagues were the first to prove that the bacteria also protect sheep against poison. They fed tansy ragwort to one group of sheep and administered pyrrolizidine alkaloid (the toxin in tansy ragwort) to another group through a catheter to bypass the rumen. Sheep in the first group ate as much as twice their body weight in tansy ragwort without discomfort; sheep in the second group suffered from anorexia and toxic effects to the liver.

CONT

there is significant risk to the ingestion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in Comfrey and other species of plants.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 1994-01-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biochemistry
CONT

Amino acids are not only the building blocks of proteins, but some also act as neurotransmitter substances and as precursors of some hormones and of toxic alkaloids in some plants.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biochimie
CONT

Les aminoacides ne sont pas seulement les molécules élémentaires des protéines mais certains interviennent également comme neurotransmetteurs, comme précurseurs de certaines hormones, comme alcaloïdes toxiques dans certaines plantes.

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 1993-06-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medication
  • Chemistry
CONT

Acute shortness of breath and severe bronchospasm have been reported following the administration of vinca alkaloids. These reactions have been encountered most frequently when the vinca alkaloid was used in combination with mitomycin-C.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Médicaments
  • Chimie
CONT

On a rapporté des réactions graves de difficultés respiratoires et de brochospasme à la suite de l'administration d'alcaloïdes de la pervenche; elles sont produites le plus fréquemment lorsque l'alcaloïde de la pervenche était utilisé avec la mitomycine-C.

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 1987-05-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medication

French

Domaine(s)
  • Médicaments

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 1985-05-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 1976-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Drug and Beverage Crops

French

Domaine(s)
  • Culture des plantes alcaloïfères

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 1976-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Drug and Beverage Crops

French

Domaine(s)
  • Culture des plantes alcaloïfères

Spanish

Save record 10

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