TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Photosynthesis is a well-understood process. It is responsible for virtually all CO₂ fixation in nature.  5, record 1, English, - carbon%20fixation

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Relative rates of carbon fixation or net productivity by the terrestrial and marine ecosystems are uncertain. ... Although the rate of fixation of carbon may be comparable for both [terrestrial and marine] ecosystems, carbon is turned over much faster in the oceans.  6, record 1, English, - carbon%20fixation

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carbon fixation: In this context, the term "carbon" is elliptical and refers to carbon dioxide.  7, record 1, English, - carbon%20fixation

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CO₂.  7, record 1, English, - carbon%20fixation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En effet, nous avons présenté la photosynthèse comme processus global de fixation du carbone par la biomasse. Mais il existe des variations dans ce processus : la photosynthèse C3 correspond à la synthèse de composés à trois atomes de carbone alors que la photosynthèse C4 implique des composés à quatre atomes de carbone.  5, record 1, French, - fixation%20de%20carbone

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La fixation du gaz carbonique par les plantes vertes peut se faire de trois façons différentes que l'on appelle types en C3, en C4 et type CAM [métabolisme acide des crassulacées].  6, record 1, French, - fixation%20de%20carbone

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fixation de carbone : Dans ce contexte, «carbone» est un terme elliptique qui désigne le dioxyde de carbone.  7, record 1, French, - fixation%20de%20carbone

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CO₂.  8, record 1, French, - fixation%20de%20carbone

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[One of the phases of photosynthesis, involving] the incorporation of CO₂ into glucose by enzymatic reactions (Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 1990).  7, record 2, English, - Calvin%20cycle

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The second stage in the process of phtosynthesis is called the Calvin Cycle (it is also called the Calvin-Benson Cycle or the Carbon Fixation Cycle). In the Calvin Cycle, carbon molecules from carbon dioxide, CO₂, are fixed into the sugar glucose, (C₆H₁₂O₂) (in six repeats of the cycle). The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of eucaryotic chloroplasts. The major enzyme that mediates the Calvin Cycle is Rubisco (ribulose-1-5-biphosphate carboxylase). The Calvin Cycle was first investigated in the late 1940s and early 1950s by the Nobel Prize winning chemist Melvin Calvin (1911-1997).  6, record 2, English, - Calvin%20cycle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

All photosynthetic plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it, through a complicated sequence of chemical reactions, into starches and sugars. In C3 plants all the cells in the mesophyll of a leaf conduct photosynthesis by the same process, a sequence of reactions called the Calvin cycle. Early in the cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated, or fixed, into a compound containing three carbon atoms.  8, record 2, English, - Calvin%20cycle

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Calvin-Benson Cycle (C3 cycle). So named because some of the important molecules in the cycle have 3 carbons in them. Requires CO₂ (normally from air); a sugar to capture the CO₂ (ribulose biphosphate, RuBP); catalytic enzymes and energy as ATP & NADPH (obtained from light-dependent reactions).  3, record 2, English, - Calvin%20cycle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cascade de réactions permettant, à partir de cinq trioses, de regénerer trois pentoses, nécessaires à la fixation de trois molécules de CO₂ [...]  5, record 2, French, - cycle%20de%20Calvin

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À chaque révolution de ce cycle, un triose est utilisé à la synthèse des glucides, les cinq autres sont réinvestis dans le cycle. L'énergie nécessaire à cette synthèse provient de la phase lumineuse de la photosynthèse; les réactions sont catalysées par des enzymes spécifiques.  5, record 2, French, - cycle%20de%20Calvin

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Le mécanisme le plus classique découvert par Calvin en 1949, met en jeu des molécules organiques à trois atomes de carbone, d'où le nom de cycle C3 ou métabolisme C3 qu'on lui donne généralement.  3, record 2, French, - cycle%20de%20Calvin

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La production de sucres contenant trois à sept atomes de carbone a lieu par l'intermédiaire d'un cycle de réactions biochimiques complexes appelé cycle de Calvin, en référence au biochimiste américain Melvin Calvin qui l'a élucidé, et conduit à la formation de grains d'amidon stockés dans la matrice des chloroplastes.  6, record 2, French, - cycle%20de%20Calvin

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Une des étapes de la photosynthèse.  2, record 2, French, - cycle%20de%20Calvin

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ciclo metabólico que se produce en los cloroplastos de plantas verdes y bacterias autótrofas y en el que se realiza fijación de CO₂ sobre la riburosa-1,5-P, lo que permite la síntesis de hidratos de carbono.  1, record 2, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20Calvin