TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A video demonstration of how to perform an activity or task.  2, record 1, English, - video%20tutorial

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vidéo qui montre comment réaliser une activité ou une tâche.  2, record 1, French, - tutoriel%20vid%C3%A9o

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tutorial interface is designed to facilitate student's learning by providing the environment with the intelligence to structure the code being entered and prevent "low-level" syntactic difficulties. This is achieved by providing the students with an intelligent structured editor with which to enter code.  4, record 2, English, - tutoring%20interface

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A major design feature of the tutoring interface provides the student with a structured editor through which to enter code.  5, record 2, English, - tutoring%20interface

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The Tutorial Interface.- ... the structured editor facilitates communication between the student and the tutor.  6, record 2, English, - tutoring%20interface

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aplusix a une architecture classique de Tuteur Intelligent. Les différents modules sont : l'expert [...], le module pédagogique [...], le module de diagnostic cognitif [...], l'interface qui fournit une présentation soignée du raisonnement et offre un mode de saisie ergonomique.  2, record 2, French, - interface%20tutorielle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See tutorial coaching.  1, record 3, English, - tutorial%20coach

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dérouleur de la séquence de cours.  1, record 3, French, - instructeur

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminologie propre au système Starguide.  2, record 3, French, - instructeur

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Outil graphique de formalisation de la structure et des fonctions d'un didacticiel.  1, record 4, French, - didactogramme

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Représentation graphique de la structure et des fonctions du didacticiel qui est généralement fixée à la maquette et qui permet de formaliser les relations existant entre chacune des composantes.  2, record 4, French, - didactogramme

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le didactogramme permet de visualiser les différents parcours possibles selon les réactions prévues des apprenants et les actions pédagogiques correspondant à chacun de ces parcours.  2, record 4, French, - didactogramme

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a computer-based instruction system intended to provide effective, appropriate, and flexible instruction through the application of artificial intelligence techniques and knowledge representations.  15, record 5, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An intelligent tutor must be able ... to generate instructional material: to present the subject matter, ask questions of the student, give examples, and give explanations to the student. [It] must be able to answer free-form questions from the student. The tutor must be able to evaluate the student's responses or behavior [and] to diagnose student errors, or "bugs." ... And once the source of the error has been found, the tutor has to figure out the most efficient way to correct the student's misunderstanding. Finally, intelligent tutors must themselves be able to learn.  4, record 5, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) find their roots in the Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) movement of the 1950s. ... The major advance of ITS, or Intelligent CAI systems, as they are also called, is the use of techniques of knowledge representation pioneered within the Knowledge Engineering community.  9, record 5, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The first three letters of "intelligent tutoring system" are often capitalized. The phrases "computer tutor" or "computer-based tutor" are opposed to "human tutor."  16, record 5, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système d'enseignement assisté par ordinateur intégrant des techniques d'intelligence artificielle permettant un apprentissage progressif et individualisé.  2, record 5, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un système EIAO est capable de prendre en compte les paramètres pédagogiques suivants : niveau de l'apprenant, degré de difficulté souhaité, objectif d'enseignement spécifié.  2, record 5, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] un tutoriel intelligent doit être capable d'acquérir des connaissances par lui-même, c'est-à-dire d'apprendre. [...] les connaissances d'un tutoriel intelligent se répartissent en quatre ensembles : le modèle du domaine, le modèle d'enseignement-apprentissage, le modèle de l'élève et l'interface gérant le dialogue entre l'élève et l'ordinateur.  10, record 5, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement aux didacticiels classiques auxquels on peut les comparer, les tutoriels intelligents possèdent des connaissances sur le sujet à enseigner, sur l'élève et sur la pédagogie. Ils adoptent une approche misant sur l'activité de l'étudiant et où le tuteur électronique est avant tout un conseiller.  11, record 5, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Guide d'initiation et d'aide à l'utilisation d'un produit ou d'un service informatique.  2, record 6, French, - tutoriel

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tutoriel : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 20 avril 2007.  3, record 6, French, - tutoriel

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manual de uso en soporte electrónico.  2, record 6, Spanish, - tutorial

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Algunos programas de aplicación vienen con tutoriales, que se pueden visualizar en la pantalla, y que usan técnicas de adiestramiento basadas en la computadora (ordenador).  3, record 6, Spanish, - tutorial

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Los tutoriales apoyan una] forma de enseñanza en que se guía al alumno paso a paso a través de las diferentes alternativas de utilización de un programa para una tarea específica.  3, record 6, Spanish, - tutorial

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el término "tutorial" se ha incorporado a la vigesimotercera edición del Diccionario de la lengua española. Agrega que pueden seguirse empleando alternativas como "programa instructivo" y "vídeo didáctico", que venían conviviendo con el neologismo.  2, record 6, Spanish, - tutorial

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These will combine the principles of programmed teaching with the use of small study groups where a specialist acts as leader and each participant's knowledge is used.  1, record 7, English, - syndicate%20tutorial

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In tutor mode, the tutor works through a problem, step by step, explaining its action, both strategically in terms of its current subgoals and locally in describing the current step. ... As the tutor carries out a demonstration, it explains the actions that it takes at each step in the context of strategic goals....  2, record 8, English, - tutorial%20mode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation: ... in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.  3, record 8, English, - tutorial%20mode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[The student] ... can call on the tutor to do a problem - this invokes the tutor mode, also called demonstration mode.  2, record 8, English, - tutorial%20mode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "student mode. See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode."  4, record 8, English, - tutorial%20mode

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode".  4, record 8, English, - tutorial%20mode

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode d'emploi de systèmes ou de programmes informatiques, se présentant le plus souvent sous forme de livre, et, contrairement au manuel de référence, constitué essentiellement d'exercices pratiques et d'exemples d'application.  1, record 8, French, - mode%20tutoriel

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

...ICAI [Innovative Computer Associates Inc.] can be generative; that is, it is not necessary to specify every interaction with the student, but only [...] from which these interactions can be generated.  2, record 9, English, - generative%20tutorial

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Didacticiel capable de générer des exercices d'un type donné, soit en utilisant une fonction aléatoire, soit en puisant des informations dans une base de faits.  1, record 9, French, - didacticiel%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ratif

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An action triggered by the didactic module, that is observable by the student.  1, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The didactic operation is more general than a didactic intervention, in that it does not necessarily correspond to actions visible to the student.  1, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Interventions can be either prefabricated (prestored) or tailored to student's viewpoint (i.e. generated by the system).  4, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Even if an important issue has been recognized as overlooked in the current move and evaluated as weak in the student model, however, coaching principles can still oppose tutorial intervention, for instance if it would otherwise take place for two moves in a row (didactic source). In general, once an operation has been triggered in a given context, the system must still decide what to do or say, how to do or say it, or even whether to do or say anything at all.  1, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

As decompilation reveals the locus of expertise and represents structural and strategic abstractions explicitly, didactic interventions can focus on critical concepts and can describe expertise in general terms rather than problem-specific ones.  1, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Much previous work on ICAI ... has focussed on the "buggy model of learning," in which the computer is supposed to diagnose the student's incorrect ... operators and direct specific tutorial action to correcting these misconceptions.  3, record 10, English, - tutorial%20intervention

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suivi de l'apprenant par le module pédagogique.  3, record 10, French, - intervention%20tutorielle

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon ce modèle, l'intervention éducative consiste à modifier l'environnement culturel, en y introduisant de nouveaux éléments de construction et en éliminant les éléments nuisibles.  2, record 10, French, - intervention%20tutorielle

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à opération didactique.  4, record 10, French, - intervention%20tutorielle

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student. Existing computer tutors, such as the FLOW tutor system ... are able to perform reasonably, and occasionally brilliantly, in restricted environments.  7, record 11, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Computer-based tutorial systems, such as the FLOW tutor, can be evaluated according to their fidelity as a simulation of a human tutor and their function as a tutor.  7, record 11, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Computer tutors should know what they teach. ... In addition, it is possible that the tutor could use its own knowledge to generate explanations as appropriate, and could understand a student's difficulties by some analysis of the knowledge involved.  8, record 11, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système informatisé capable de poser un ensemble d'actions personnalisées conduisant un apprenant à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs d'enseignement.  2, record 11, French, - tuteur%20informatis%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A system that makes] decisions about how, and in what order, programming concepts should be introduced, and attempts to monitor the student's progress in mastering the new notions.  3, record 12, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

...SCHOLAR was a first attempt to develop a tutorial system to teach "the same way human teachers do."  4, record 12, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Work on intelligent tutoring should take its direction from research and theory in psychology, especially cognitive psychology. There is ... a considerable body of knowledge that can be used to guide the construction of tutoring systems....  5, record 12, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "coaching system."  6, record 12, English, - tutoring%20system

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de didacticiels qui détermine l'ordre de présentation des concepts d'une programmation et dirige l'étudiant dans son apprentissage.  3, record 12, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20tutorat

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term(s) taken from a Canadian laboratory-equipment company's catalogue.  1, record 14, English, - Whatman%20filtration%20tutorial

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme(s) tiré(s) du catalogue d'une compagnie canadienne d'équipement de laboratoire.  1, record 14, French, - guide%20Whatman%20d%27initiation%20%C3%A0%20la%20filtration

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We have developed a multimedia tutorial to present you with the way of using our courses of the Intensive Vocabulary Training System series.  1, record 15, English, - multimedia%20tutorial

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutoriel multimédia qui présente les rudiments de la génétique.  1, record 15, French, - tutoriel%20multim%C3%A9dia

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The instructional message descriptions for this lesson have been matched to the corresponding objective(s). They are in summary form for the lesson plan, but will be expanded to create the online multimedia tutorial, practice quiz, and experiment directions.  1, record 16, English, - online%20multimedia%20tutorial

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutoriel multimedia en ligne avec vidéos, photos, et son de la Messe Latine selon le Missale Romanum de 1962 (Missel romain).  1, record 16, French, - tutoriel%20multimedia%20en%20ligne

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A tutorial may be ended temporarily, when the student leaves but intends to return later, or permanently, when all required parts have been completed. When ending, a lesson should have a message making it clear that the student is leaving the program and the student should be allowed to choose whether to go on immediately or to return later.  3, record 17, English, - tutorial%20temporary%20termination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ending the program should be very clear. Be sure it is understood if temporary termination or permanent termination. Temporary termination should always be an option.  4, record 17, English, - tutorial%20temporary%20termination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Ending of a Tutorial. Temporary Ending. If there is to be restarting where the student left off, data must be stored on disk about what the student has completed. Alternatively, the student might receive a message indicating how to return to the point left off.  2, record 17, English, - tutorial%20temporary%20termination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 4 OBS

A tutorial may be ended either temporarily, such as when the student must leave but intends to return later, or permanently, when all required parts have been completed. The option to leave temporarily should always be available at the student's option ...  2, record 17, English, - tutorial%20temporary%20termination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 5 OBS

As opposed to "permanent ending" or "permanent termination."  5, record 17, English, - tutorial%20temporary%20termination

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si le logiciel s'utilise en plusieurs étapes consécutives, il se révèle nécessaire d'offrir à l'élève la possibilité de suspendre temporairement l'exécution du logiciel ou de sortir du logiciel en tout temps et de revenir à la dernière situation d'apprentissage.  2, record 17, French, - mise%20en%20veille%20du%20tutoriel

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Industry Canada. This online tutorial provides a broad introduction to e-Business Basics.  1, record 18, English, - e%2DBusiness%20Tutorial

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Industrie Canada. Ce tutoriel vous donnera une bonne vue d'ensemble des concepts de base des affaires électroniques.  1, record 18, French, - Tutoriel%20sur%20les%20affaires%20%C3%A9lectroniques

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The component of an ICAI program that selects the strategies for presenting tutorial information to a student.  7, record 19, English, - tutorial%20module

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutorial Module. ... The tutor is an agent which can be actively invoked either by the user directly or by the advice module when the latter determines that instruction is likely to be useful. The tutor is composed of 3 components: tutorial rules, a complexity map, and a set of case models.  3, record 19, English, - tutorial%20module

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Tutor Module is in charge of the teaching activities, in particular, selecting an appropriate pedagogical stategy using the information produced by the student model. It plays the roles of tutor, instructor and exercise generator. The pedagogical decisions are made dynamically based on the information from the student model. If the student is very familiar with the materials being taught, he will be given harder exercises to increase his understanding. However, if the student is totally unfamiliar with the concepts, he will be given a tutorial.  3, record 19, English, - tutorial%20module

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The tutoring module has two functions: coordination and teaching. The tutoring module receives all the information from the different modules of the ITS and coordinates the overall activity using psycho-pedagogical knowledge.  8, record 19, English, - tutorial%20module

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The tutorial expert represents tutorial knowledge ... and the ability to use this knowledge, along with the student model, to make pedagogical decisions. It is the control element of the ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System].  5, record 19, English, - tutorial%20module

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Module d'un système EIAO dont la fonction essentielle est de fournir une réponse à une situation ponctuelle (blocage, erreur ou demande d'aide). Il contribue à la recherche de la meilleure stratégie pédagogique [CTN, Paris, 1991].  3, record 19, French, - module%20tuteur

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le module tuteur: il fournit la stratégie pédagogique la plus appropriée à la situation actuelle. Il est chargé de choisir le type d'intervention («répéter» par exemple) et le mode d'intervention. La base de faits du tuteur lui permet de conserver la trace des échecs pendant la recherche de la "meilleure" stratégie (journal des règles effectuées) et des règles effectivement appliquées (base des actions effectuées), afin d'être en mesure de mettre à jour le modèle de l'apprenant et la base d'expertise si nécessaire.  1, record 19, French, - module%20tuteur

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The classes are designed around a completely new concept of online tutorial support that for the first time brings the Oxford tutorial within the reach of the distance learner. Human tutors will supervise studies using e-mail, Internet discussions and voice-based conferencing.  1, record 20, English, - online%20tutorial%20support

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technology : «Teaching and Learning with Technology» est un projet de l'Alberta qui offre des ressources d'encadrement et de perfectionnement professionnel aux enseignantes et aux enseignants qui intègrent la technologie à leur enseignement en classe. Les mentors virtuels et l'appui tutoriel en ligne sont quelques exemples de ces ressources.  2, record 20, French, - aide%20tutorielle%20en%20ligne

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition to accessing videos and animations from MyMathLab's multimedia textbook files, students can now access these resources directly from selected tutorial and homework exercises. For example, a tutorial exercise may have a video clip of an instructor giving a portion of a lecture, or there may be an animation that helps to demonstrate a concept.  2, record 21, English, - tutorial%20exercise

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité où l'apprenant n'a qu'à reproduire étape par étape un ensemble de manipulations.  2, record 21, French, - exercice%20dirig%C3%A9

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An interactive tutorial is a perfect way to deliver training that will lessen the learning curve and get users up to speed fast with your software package. Tutorials allow you to deliver computer-based training with graphical depictions of how to perform tasks and get results fast. Since tutorials can contain multimedia and software simulations, users can learn how to operate your product by actually watching it in use.  2, record 22, English, - interactive%20tutorial

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque logiciel est un tutoriel interactif renfermant des animations, des illustrations et des textes intégrés afin de favoriser l'apprentissage des diverses structures composant le système nerveux humain.  3, record 22, French, - tutoriel%20interactif

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal of an online tutorial is to create an environment where people can learn. It is not about technology, the hardware and software, except as these are necessary to create the medium in which the learning occurs.  3, record 23, English, - e%2Dtutorial

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Outils d'apprentissage et de formation. Essayez un didacticiel en ligne et découvrez les ressources dont vous avez besoin pour établir un plan d'apprentissage ou repérer un centre d'apprentissage et de formation de l'administration fédérale situé près de chez vous.  2, record 23, French, - tutoriel%20en%20ligne

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A Socratic tutor theoretically need not know all the answers beforehand, but must be able to guide a student's own exploration. The role of guide as opposed to that of provider of information requires a mastery of principles about using and acquiring knowledge rather than a mastery of specific facts. Existing systems that implement Socratic tutoring do not follow such ideal versions of the method, which would require an understanding of reasoning processes and a perception of the student's approach far beyond the capabilities of current student modeling systems. True Socratic tutoring requires the ability to "learn along" with the student, and such powerful learning models are not yet available for nontrivial domains.  2, record 24, English, - Socratic%20instruction

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Socratic teaching forces students to deal with counterexamples and deal with contradictions. Unlike didactic instruction, in Socratic instruction it is the student who forges the conceptual system. The Socratic teacher is aggressive and adversarial.  1, record 24, English, - Socratic%20instruction

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comme le monitorat ou l'assistanat, le tutorat désigne une fonction pédagogique. Voir guidage pédagogique.  1, record 24, French, - tutorat%20socratique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nuestra enseñanza socrática se basa en el método socrático de enseñanza que en su forma pura exige que el profesor plantee siempre preguntas ulteriores, sin dar nunca la solución ni respaldar la respuesta de ningún estudiante en particular. Al estudiante le parece que la mayoría de las buenos argumentos acaban implicando conclusiones muy discutibles e incluso absurdas. Los estudiantes salen de este asalto multilateral desconfiando de la generalización e incluso de la razón misma. Aprenden a ser expertos en argumentación jurídica, pero sin tomarla muy en serio.  2, record 24, Spanish, - ense%C3%B1anza%20socr%C3%A1tica

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A self-paced tutorial can be built using programs such as Macromedia and are great for "just in time" training. Asynchronous tutorials can also be used in conjunction with synchronous events.  1, record 25, English, - asynchronous%20tutorial

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tutoriels asynchrones virtuels offrent des possibilités de formation en groupe dans un environnement où les apprenants et l'instructeur ne sont pas en ligne en même temps. Ces tutoriels conviennent dans le cas de problèmes dont on ignore la définition ou la méthode de résolution et qui exigent l'application, l'analyse, la synthèse et l'évaluation de l'information pour produire de nouvelles idées ou de nouveaux plans. Un exemple de tutoriel asynchrone serait que des gestionnaires apprennent comment réaliser une entrevue en écrivant leurs questions et en recevant une rétroaction de l'instructeur et des coparticipants.  1, record 25, French, - tutoriel%20asynchrone

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tutor's guidance is based upon the student's partial solution. In general, this is a difficult problem because it requires that the tutor be sensitive to the student's current problem-solving strategy and the kind of advice he prefers....  3, record 26, English, - tutorial%20coaching

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In tutorial guidance, it is sometimes more effective to let the student search for a while than always to interrupt him.  2, record 26, English, - tutorial%20coaching

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pedagogically, WEST adopts a cautious attitude and intervenes only when there is good evidence for a weakness [of a student] .... The issues-and-examples paradigm proposes a mechanism for determining when and how knowledge could be presented by a coach to motivate learning in the performance of an activity.  2, record 26, English, - tutorial%20coaching

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action du module pédagogique sur le déroulement d'une session d'EIAO. Ce guidage peut être discret ou direct en fonction des performances de l'apprenant [CTN, Paris, 1991].  1, record 26, French, - guidage%20tutoriel

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est possible et parfois souhaitable que l'enseignant puisse modifier l'encadrement didactique du didacticiel. L'intensité de l'encadrement didactique peut varier selon le degré d'indépendance qu'on veut bien laisser à l'élève dans son cheminement à travers le didacticiel.  2, record 26, French, - guidage%20tutoriel

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le guidage tutoriel est une forme de contrôle du processus d'apprentissage exercé par le module pédagogique. Voir aussi guidage optimal et action didactique optimale.  1, record 26, French, - guidage%20tutoriel

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a class or category of instructional plans which all teach by the same method or style of instruction. Examples of tutorial strategies include expository, case-method, exploratory, or Socratic question and answer.  3, record 28, English, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tutorial strategy of a teaching program is that part of it which decides what to do next. It may range from simply following a sequence of actions which have been pre-specified by the author or the teaching program, as in linear programming, to executing a complex decision procedure which attempts to take into account a student model and the course objectives.  4, record 28, English, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Motivational responses may include encouragement, congratulations, challenges, and other statements with affective or perlocutionary content. ... the current tutoring strategy specifies which of these feedback and follow-up responses will be generated.  5, record 28, English, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The resultant analysis is used to select between three types of tutorial strategies: correction, confirmation and coaching.  3, record 28, English, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 4 CONT

An ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] will have a well-articulated curriculum embodied in its domain expertise and an explicit theory of instruction represented by its tutoring strategies.  6, record 28, English, - tutoring%20strategy

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de procédures déterminées par le module pédagogique à partir des connaissances sur l'apprenant, afin d'aider ce dernier à former, à tester des hypothèses, à organiser ses connaissances pour les étendre à des nouvelles situations et à faire des prédictions justes sur des cas nouveaux.  2, record 28, French, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] de tels programmes [à vocation pédagogique] devraient posséder une théorie explicite des stratégies tutorielles qu'ils utilisent (non enfouies dans les connaissances du domaine d'enseignement). Ces stratégies devraient être applicables à plusieurs domaines.  3, record 28, French, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Instructional computers are basically used in one of two ways - they either provide a straightforward presentation of data or they fill a tutorial role where the student is tested on his or her comprehension.  1, record 29, English, - tutorial%20role

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si l'enseignement est de type "tutoriel", il faut prévoir toutes les réponses des étudiants, les commentaires à faire pour ses réponses, ainsi que le cheminement que l'on fera suivre à l'étudiant en fonction de ses réponses.  1, record 30, French, - enseignement%20tutoriel

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Finalité pédagogique des systèmes d'EIAO.  3, record 31, French, - tutorat

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le tutorat [...] consiste à observer l'apprenant pendant son apprentissage, en essayant de diagnostiquer ses faiblesses et [...] de prévoir des interventions correctives.  4, record 31, French, - tutorat

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la personnalisation de l'acte d'apprentissage [...] exigeait un genre de relation de personne à personne sans intermédiaires, en utilisant des outils et des méthodes simples et adaptés à chaque intervenant. [...] il aurait fallu mettre en place des aménagements et des moyens proportionnés et compatibles, permettant, même dans un enseignement collectif, de réaliser une forme de «préceptorat» [...] respectant les particularités locales et donc adapté à chaque situation.  2, record 31, French, - tutorat

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a class in which a tutor gives intensive instruction in some subject to an individual student or a small group of students.  3, record 32, English, - tutorial%20class

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The instructional experiments embodied in the variations of the system's parameters revolve around four distinct tutorial goals: 1. to increase the number of students completing the session; 2. to improve their scores on the post-test; 3. to decrease the time taken by students to learn all four rules and their combinations; 4. to decrease the computer time used in the process.  1, record 33, English, - tutorial%20goal

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The point of t-rules based on tutoring goals is to actively seize the initiative to present specific rules and relations among them, for the purpose of maximizing the amount of information provided to the student, within reasonable bounds.  3, record 33, English, - tutorial%20goal

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

But pédagogique du module tuteur.  1, record 33, French, - but%20tutoriel

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tutoring conversation.  4, record 34, English, - didactic%20discourse

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One goal of intelligent tutoring systems is to generate effective and responsive tutoring discourse. Tutoring systems should reason dynamically about selection of machine responses and should show genuine flexibility in its choice of topics, presentations, examples, and responses.  1, record 34, English, - didactic%20discourse

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Within the EUROHELP project we started to investigate the relations between general principles of discourse and didactic discourse on the one hand, and the relations among the different didactic principles themselves.  1, record 34, English, - didactic%20discourse

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In an ICAI program the tutoring rules that an author uses to create these pattern are defined in the knowledge base, and the program generates the instructional sequence in response to student questions or mistakes.  4, record 35, English, - tutoring%20rule

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The main component of the tutor module (GUIDON) is a collection of tutoring rules, hereafter called t-rules, for carrying on a dialogue, including methods for providing assistance, maintaining a student knowledge model, responding to his initiative, and so on.  5, record 35, English, - tutoring%20rule

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The tutoring rules were derived directly from a consensus of eleven teachers experienced in the precise scope of the program.  6, record 35, English, - tutoring%20rule

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 4 CONT

T-rules are grouped into rule packets, each specific to a tutorial goal. ... There are two types of t-rule packets: t-rules for selecting a discourse procedure and t-rules for modeling belief.  5, record 35, English, - tutoring%20rule

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutorial expertise must include information about specific misconceptions people often develop in a particular domain, as well as processes and strategies to handle them. Indeed, many misconceptions are domain-specific and shared by many individuals, and this speaks in favor of a model-driven approach to diagnosis. But misconceptions present common patterns and thus can often be traced to deeper misconceptions, like overgeneralizations or cheap metaphors. This could warrant a more data-driven approach. At any rate, each type of conceptual error must be approached with a specific strategy, and this knowledge must be part of the tutor. Knowledge about misconceptions must be coupled with a powerful diagnostic process, since there is no simple mapping between misconceptions and surface manifestations.  5, record 36, English, - tutorial%20expertise

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Experiments trying to prove the efficiency of some tutoring strategy across the curriculum have generally showed that tutoring knowledge is partially domain-specific.  3, record 36, English, - tutorial%20expertise

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expertise pédagogique du module tuteur.  1, record 36, French, - expertise%20tutorielle

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tutorial dialogue should be concerned with the communication of intentions and beliefs, the recognition and repair of error and the construction of a satisfactorily completed episode in a learning process.  2, record 37, English, - tutorial%20dialogue

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... let us list some of the characteristics of a tutorial dialogue ... : The language used by both participants is a natural one, such as English ... . Both participants can ask questions at any time ... The questions asked may require some computation or reasoning before a sensible answer can be given. The topic of conversation can be changed on either participant's initiative....  3, record 37, English, - tutorial%20dialogue

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

This paper reports work on development of a new model for computer generation of tutorial dialogues, which aims to teach skills in critical argument. A set of dialogue moves are used to generate sustained tutorial dialogues which share many common characteristics with argument, explanation, critiquing and Socratic tutoring, integrated within an ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] architecture.  2, record 37, English, - tutorial%20dialogue

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... this assumes that our tutoring component is given and that we have only to inspect its code to discover the features that our student model needs to identify.  1, record 38, English, - tutoring%20component

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Composante tutorielle. Cette composante contrôle les règles et les procédures des activités d'enseignement. Dans ce sens, elle contient des règles sur le mode d'enseignement, sur les activités proposées et sur les interventions auprès de l'étudiant. C'est à travers ce genre de connaissances que le «tuteur intelligent» peut raisonner à propos des décisions de l'étudiant, il peut savoir si l'étudiant est en train d'atteindre la bonne solution même en empruntant des cheminements différents de ceux de l'«expert» et enfin il peut détecter les faiblesses des étudiants et intervenir quand il le considère nécessaire.  1, record 38, French, - composante%20tutorielle

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the tutorial session, GUIDON maintains a record of the communication between tutor and student.  3, record 39, English, - tutorial%20session

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The tutor selects a response based on what it knows about the student's knowledge and shared goals for the tutorial session.  3, record 39, English, - tutorial%20session

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 CONT

GUIDON uses a "closed world" model where all objects, attributes and values that are relevant to a case are determined before the tutorial session begins.  4, record 39, English, - tutorial%20session

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 4 CONT

XTRA-TE handles unknown words very intelligently and students have access to an on-line English-Chinese dictionary during the tutoring session.  2, record 39, English, - tutorial%20session

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See text editor.  1, record 41, English, - writing%20tutorial

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Didacticiel de rédaction de textes originaux à partir d'une base de données de phrases prérédigées [CTN, Paris, 1991].  2, record 41, French, - logiciel%20d%27%C3%A9criture

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces logiciels ne contiennent pas d'analyseur syntaxique et ne peuvent donc pas évaluer les productions des apprenants.  2, record 41, French, - logiciel%20d%27%C3%A9criture

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

logiciel d'aide à l'écriture : renseignements fournis par le CTN, Paris, 1991.  2, record 41, French, - logiciel%20d%27%C3%A9criture

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cahier tutoriel consiste [...] en une série d'étapes que l'utilisateur doit suivre pour cheminer pas à pas à travers le didacticiel. Ce type de présentation des commandes et des fonctions fournit au débutant un cadre propice à l'apprentissage des différents éléments du didacticiel. Il n'est pas toujours nécessaire de couvrir toutes les parties du didacticiel de cette façon mais, dans certains cas, elle est essentielle pour expliquer certaines procédures complexes.  1, record 42, French, - cahier%20tutoriel

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les deux principales formes de présentation du fonctionnement [du didacticiel], le cahier tutoriel et la liste des commandes et des fonctions, ont leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. [...] le cahier tutoriel vient souvent rehausser la qualité de l'explication par une approche différente [de celle de la liste des commandes et des fonctions].  1, record 42, French, - cahier%20tutoriel

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare to distributed AI. Terms confirmed by the University of Lancaster, G.-B.  1, record 44, English, - distributed%20tutorial

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Didacticiel utilisable en mode réparti, par plusieurs élèves dont les ordinateurs sont reliés par le même support de communication.  1, record 44, French, - didacticiel%20r%C3%A9parti

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

se fait pour aider les élèves qui ont besoin d'enseignement de rattrapage ou de pratique supplémentaire, ou d'enrichissement mené par l'enseignant ou l'enseignante ou par un ou une élève; facilite la participation active et répond mieux aux besoins individuels.  1, record 45, French, - tutorat%20en%20groupes

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Approches pédagogiques : Infrastructure pour la pratique de l'enseignement, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, 1993.  1, record 45, French, - tutorat%20en%20groupes

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Purposes are to: provide a forum for the cooperation of the arts, sciences, and technologies with the professions of law, medicine, and education in the study of human development; promote the research, diagnosis, and remedy of learning and other disabilities; encourage the dissemination of knowledge in all fields of human perception, communication, and behavior. Maintains Diagnostic Learning and Tutorial Center to provide services for individuals with learning handicaps and development disabilities, including a Psycho-physiological and EEG Research Laboratory. Absorbed Sensory and Perceptual Research Laboratory  1, record 47, English, - Multidisciplinary%20Institute%20for%20Neuropsychological%20Development

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A meeting between a tutor and a single student (or sometimes a small group of students) in which intensive face-to-face teaching and discussion can take place, often based on material written by the student(s). (A Dictionary of Education, Rowntree, Derek, 1981).  2, record 48, English, - tutorial

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 DEF

In some colleges and universities, a class given by a tutor to an individual or a small group of students. (Gage Canadian Dictionary, 1983).  2, record 48, English, - tutorial

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séance où un tuteur enseigne ou approfondit une matière avec un étudiant ou un groupe restreint d'étudiants.  1, record 48, French, - s%C3%A9ance%20de%20tutorat

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes recommandés par le Réseau des traducteurs et traductrices en éducation.  1, record 48, French, - s%C3%A9ance%20de%20tutorat

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

éducation postsecondaire.  1, record 51, French, - Services%20d%27aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For research on instructional systems involving artificial intelligence, the purpose is not to provide a software engineering framework within which experts can compose instructional interactions by representing their decisions in the form of programs. Rather, the purpose is to capture the very knowledge that allows experts to compose an instructional interaction in the first place.  1, record 52, English, - instructional%20interaction

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir interface tuteur-apprenant.  1, record 52, French, - interaction%20%C3%A9ducationnelle

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Discourse management tasks are expressed in terms of representational abstractions.  4, record 53, English, - discourse%20management

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See instructional discourse.  3, record 53, English, - discourse%20management

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir "dialogal".  1, record 53, French, - gestion%20du%20discours

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In additional factor with respect to articulation of knowledge is the design of instructional interfaces oriented toward reification, which can produce notational tools for problem solving.  1, record 54, English, - instructional%20interface

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir module d'interface, interfaçage, tuteur intelligent, interaction tutorielle.  1, record 54, French, - interface%20didactique

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For improvements to be possible, not only is it necessary to have an explicit and modular representation of the strategies, but the tutorial objectives must also be clearly defined.  1, record 55, English, - tutorial%20objective

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Objectif pédagogique du module tuteur.  1, record 55, French, - objectif%20tutoriel

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir système tutoriel et coopératif.  1, record 56, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20coop%C3%A9ratif