TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a computer-based instruction system intended to provide effective, appropriate, and flexible instruction through the application of artificial intelligence techniques and knowledge representations.  15, record 1, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An intelligent tutor must be able ... to generate instructional material: to present the subject matter, ask questions of the student, give examples, and give explanations to the student. [It] must be able to answer free-form questions from the student. The tutor must be able to evaluate the student's responses or behavior [and] to diagnose student errors, or "bugs." ... And once the source of the error has been found, the tutor has to figure out the most efficient way to correct the student's misunderstanding. Finally, intelligent tutors must themselves be able to learn.  4, record 1, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) find their roots in the Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) movement of the 1950s. ... The major advance of ITS, or Intelligent CAI systems, as they are also called, is the use of techniques of knowledge representation pioneered within the Knowledge Engineering community.  9, record 1, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The first three letters of "intelligent tutoring system" are often capitalized. The phrases "computer tutor" or "computer-based tutor" are opposed to "human tutor."  16, record 1, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système d'enseignement assisté par ordinateur intégrant des techniques d'intelligence artificielle permettant un apprentissage progressif et individualisé.  2, record 1, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un système EIAO est capable de prendre en compte les paramètres pédagogiques suivants : niveau de l'apprenant, degré de difficulté souhaité, objectif d'enseignement spécifié.  2, record 1, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] un tutoriel intelligent doit être capable d'acquérir des connaissances par lui-même, c'est-à-dire d'apprendre. [...] les connaissances d'un tutoriel intelligent se répartissent en quatre ensembles : le modèle du domaine, le modèle d'enseignement-apprentissage, le modèle de l'élève et l'interface gérant le dialogue entre l'élève et l'ordinateur.  10, record 1, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement aux didacticiels classiques auxquels on peut les comparer, les tutoriels intelligents possèdent des connaissances sur le sujet à enseigner, sur l'élève et sur la pédagogie. Ils adoptent une approche misant sur l'activité de l'étudiant et où le tuteur électronique est avant tout un conseiller.  11, record 1, French, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student. Existing computer tutors, such as the FLOW tutor system ... are able to perform reasonably, and occasionally brilliantly, in restricted environments.  7, record 3, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Computer-based tutorial systems, such as the FLOW tutor, can be evaluated according to their fidelity as a simulation of a human tutor and their function as a tutor.  7, record 3, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Computer tutors should know what they teach. ... In addition, it is possible that the tutor could use its own knowledge to generate explanations as appropriate, and could understand a student's difficulties by some analysis of the knowledge involved.  8, record 3, English, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système informatisé capable de poser un ensemble d'actions personnalisées conduisant un apprenant à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs d'enseignement.  2, record 3, French, - tuteur%20informatis%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A system that makes] decisions about how, and in what order, programming concepts should be introduced, and attempts to monitor the student's progress in mastering the new notions.  3, record 4, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

...SCHOLAR was a first attempt to develop a tutorial system to teach "the same way human teachers do."  4, record 4, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Work on intelligent tutoring should take its direction from research and theory in psychology, especially cognitive psychology. There is ... a considerable body of knowledge that can be used to guide the construction of tutoring systems....  5, record 4, English, - tutoring%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "coaching system."  6, record 4, English, - tutoring%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de didacticiels qui détermine l'ordre de présentation des concepts d'une programmation et dirige l'étudiant dans son apprentissage.  3, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20tutorat

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The geometry tutor (Anderson, Boyle, & Yoost, 1985) is built on the same basic design as the Lisp tutor. The student's activity in that case is to construct a geometry proof by successively applying geometric theorems, and the tutor compares his steps to a large knowledge base consisting of both correct and incorrect problem-solving rules. The tutor intervenes when the student applies an incorrect rule, i.e., makes illegal or useless moves in the space of possible inferences.  3, record 5, English, - geometry%20tutor

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instructional system such as the Quadratic tutor, capable of refining its knowledge by evaluating its own performance and improving its domain knowledge and teaching strategies.  4, record 6, English, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the student's approach leads to a better solution than the trace stored in the expert's archive, the system adopts the student's solution as its standard: hence the label of self-improving sometimes given this tutor.  4, record 6, English, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Although it is not presented as a self-improving system, Self's program contrasts with O'Shea's in that the tutor has access to a formal learning model.  5, record 6, English, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Hartley and Sleeman taxonomy of instructional systems, a true ICAI system. Compare to prestructured system, generative system, and adaptive system.  6, record 6, English, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système EIAO capable d'acquérir, en cours d'utilisation, des informations généralisables à des situations ultérieures. Ces informations produisent une transformation irréversible de l'état initial du système, censée améliorer ses performances pédagogiques.  1, record 6, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PROTO-TEG est un tutoriel évolutif : la connaissance qu'il a acquise a produit une transformation durable du tutoriel.  4, record 6, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il remplit une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes : enrichir le modèle du domaine avec des propositions de l'apprenant lorsqu'elles sont plus courtes que celles des concepteurs (module expert);analyser l'effet des activités proposées à l'élève et en tenir compte lors du choix des stratégies didactiques (modèle pédagogique); mettre à jour la représentation de l'état cognitif de l'apprenant en fonction de l'évolution (modèle de l'apprenant); acquérir des connaissances en vue d'optimiser le dialogue avec l'apprenant (module d'interface). Néologisme créé par P. Dillenbourg.  1, record 6, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Collins' set of tutorial rules was used to construct an experimental Socratic tutoring system for rainfall processes called WHY (Stevens and Collins, 1977). In this system, the domain knowledge is no longer contained in a semantic net, which would not be very fit for the representation of processes. Instead, the knowledge about rainfall is stored in a hierarchy of scripts that represent stereotypical sequences of events. These fixed sequences are to capture both the temporal and the causal relations between events in a way that is easily amenable to inspection. The generation of questions and the evaluation of the student's answers are based on these scripts. The nested nature of the script hierarchy provides an organized view of the knowledge, with more general scripts giving overall sequences of events and more detailed scripts accounting for intermediate causal chains relating these events. The system can exploit this hierarchy to cover the subject starting from a general understanding and moving toward a more and more detailed description of the process.  1, record 7, English, - Socratic%20tutoring%20system

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

qui évoque le dialogue socratique.  1, record 7, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20socratique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most language teaching CAI systems rely on a massive store of correct sentences and derivations from them.  1, record 8, English, - language%20teaching%20CAI%20system

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In comparison with many other existing language tutoring systems ..., XTRA-TE has the advantage of locating errors dynamically and accurately in the process of sentence parsing....  2, record 8, English, - language%20teaching%20CAI%20system

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

One of the basic tasks for a language tutor is to take erroneous input from the students and to give instructions based on the systems's diagnosis of errors.  2, record 8, English, - language%20teaching%20CAI%20system

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le langage d'auteur VAX/PRODUCER offre aux enseignants de langues des possibilités certaines de création de didacticiels d'apprentissage, de soutien ou de renforcement linguistiques ou même de distraction.  1, record 8, French, - didacticiel%20d%27apprentissage%20linguistique

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Voici un système auteur spécialisé pour l'élaboration de didacticiels de langues. [...] Ce système auteur permet d'utiliser la piste sonore du magnétophone relié à l'ordinateur.  3, record 8, French, - didacticiel%20d%27apprentissage%20linguistique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a knowledge-based tutor is one that can solve the problems it presents to a student.  3, record 9, English, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In practice a teacher is only likely to create a knowledge base good enough for the cases he wants to teach. ... The limitations of the system provide an excellent starting part for classroom discussion, and finding such limitations can be an important activity in learning from a knowledge-based tutor.  2, record 9, English, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 CONT

TRAINING EXPRESS is a knowledge-based tutoring system that is designed to exploit the essential benefits of expert systems research in a classroom or on-the-job setting.  2, record 9, English, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par analogie avec «système à base de connaissances»  1, record 9, French, - tuteur%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20connaissances

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Intelligent tutoring designers have mostly concerned themselves with the abstract problems of modelling tutoring skills.  1, record 10, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20designer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Creating a pedagogical model is a common preoccupation among ITS designers.  1, record 10, English, - intelligent%20tutoring%20designer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] en ce qui concerne le domaine pédagogique, on ignore tout des stratégies d'apprentissage des enseignants, de cet ensemble complexe de facteurs qui fait que certains extraient de leur expérience des connaissances nouvelles alors que d'autres n'y arrivent pas. Peut-être peut-on attendre quelques progrès en ce domaine suite aux travaux actuels que mène P. Goodyear (1987) sur le transfert des connaissances pédagogiques du praticien vers le concepteur de tutoriels intelligents.  1, record 10, French, - concepteur%20de%20tutoriels%20intelligents

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le système Diane offre [...] une grande diversité de moyens de création aux concepteurs de didacticiels.  3, record 10, French, - concepteur%20de%20tutoriels%20intelligents

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] instructional facility [that] incorporates a domain expert, a program capable of ... solving ... problems ..., a tutor [or] program ... capable of solving problems in a step-by-step fashion..., explaining its actions and strategies in an understandable fashion as it proceeds ... [and] monitoring, advising, assisting and critiquing the work of students....  1, record 11, English, - expert%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In an expert tutor, the student acts as the primary problem solver, and the computer offers advice on request.  4, record 11, English, - expert%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... if errors in operating nuclear power plants could be reduced by training with an expert teaching system ... then such a system might well be developed.  3, record 11, English, - expert%20tutoring%20system

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also customized training system.  1, record 12, English, - customized%20tutoring%20system

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système EIAO caractérisé par le choix d'une activité éducative et d'une stratégie pédagogique appropriés à l'état cognitif de l'apprenant.  1, record 12, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20personnalis%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir système tutoriel.  2, record 12, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20personnalis%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish