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X-RAY DIFFRACTION [13 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2017-03-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Space Exploration Equipment and Tools
CONT

CheMin, short for "Chemistry and Mineralogy," is a powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) instrument that also has X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) capabilities.

CONT

CheMin is part of the Analytical Laboratory of the MSL [Mars Science Laboratory] rover, which is located inside the main body of the rover.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement et outillage d'exploration spatiale

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2012-04-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Mineralogy
  • Soil Science
  • Biological Sciences
DEF

An interference pattern created by x-rays as they pass through a material, such as a crystal.

CONT

X-ray diffraction is a versatile, non-destructive analytical technique for identification and quantitative determination of the various crystalline compounds, known as 'phases,' present in solid materials and powders. Identification is achieved by comparing the x-ray diffraction pattern - or 'diffractogram' - obtained from an unknown sample with an internationally recognised database containing reference patterns for more than 70,000 phases.

OBS

A diffractometer can be used to make a diffraction pattern of any crystalline solid. With a diffraction pattern an investigator can identify an unknown mineral, or characterize the atomic-scale structure of an already identified mineral.

OBS

Used in various fields, i.e. mineralogy, soil science, biology, etc.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Minéralogie
  • Science du sol
  • Sciences biologiques
DEF

Diagramme obtenu par diffraction d'un rayonnement.

CONT

Le diagramme de diffraction des rayons X (DRX) d'un matériau polycristallin contient de très nombreuses informations que l'on utilise classiquement. Ces informations sont obtenues à partir des positions, des intensités et enfin des profils des raies de diffraction ou alors à partir de l'ensemble du diagramme considéré comme un tout.

CONT

Minéraux de l'argile. [...] Leur reconnaissance s'appuie surtout sur l'analyse thermique différentielle et l'analyse diffractométrique (diagrammes de diffraction des rayons X). On détermine alors des écarts réticulaires correspondant aux raies de diffraction d'intensité variable.

OBS

Utilisé dans divers domaines, par exemple en minéralogie, en pédologie, en biologie.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física radiológica (Teoría y aplicación)
  • Mineralogía
  • Ciencia del suelo
  • Ciencias biológicas
Save record 2

Record 3 2011-01-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Mineralogy
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
DEF

Analysis of the crystal structure of materials by passing X-rays through them and registering the diffraction (scattering) image of the rays.

CONT

Qualitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is used to identify minerals based on their crystal structure. We provide standard XRD analysis as well as clay XRD analysis, which involves processing the sample to produce diagnostic changes in clay XRD peak positions and sizes.

OBS

X-ray diffraction analysis: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

Key term(s)
  • X-rays diffraction analysis
  • X ray diffraction analysis
  • X rays diffraction analysis

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Minéralogie
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
DEF

Technique d'analyse basée sur la diffraction des rayons X sur la matière.

CONT

L'analyse par diffraction des rayons X est l'une des méthodes les plus utilisées pour identifier les minéraux. Elle est surtout utilisée pour l'identification des minéraux argileux, en raison de leur taille se situant en dessous 0,1 micron. La méthode est basée sur la loi de Bragg utilisant les distances interatomiques de chaque minéral analysé. Le diffractogramme en est la représentation graphique.

CONT

Analyse par diffraction X. L'analyse par diffraction des rayons X ou diffractométrie X permet de déterminer les distances interatomiques et l'arrangement des atomes dans les réseaux cristallins. Comme les rayons X sont diffractés de façon différente par les éléments du réseau suivant la construction de ce dernier, l'irradiation de la matière par rayons X permet de connaître sa nature cristallographique.

CONT

Une telle hétérogénéité minéralogique ne peut être mise en évidence que par une analyse DRX; elle est, par ailleurs, fonction de l'appartenance stratigraphique des couches argileuses.

OBS

diffractométrie de rayons X; diffractométrie X : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Key term(s)
  • analyse par diffraction des rayons-X

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2010-12-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Biological Sciences
  • Biotechnology
  • Mineralogy
DEF

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects.

OBS

X-ray diffraction: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Sciences biologiques
  • Biotechnologie
  • Minéralogie
DEF

Technique qui permet de déduire la structure moléculaire d'une substance par l'étude de la diffraction d'un faisceau de rayons X au moyen d'un cristal de la substance.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física radiológica (Teoría y aplicación)
  • Ciencias biológicas
  • Biotecnología
  • Mineralogía
DEF

Difracción de radiación electromagnética cuya longitud de onda es similar a la distancia entre los átomos de los cristales, por lo que es difractada por éstos.

Save record 4

Record 5 2003-06-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Mineralogy
CONT

X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.

CONT

Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.

CONT

Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.

CONT

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.

Key term(s)
  • x-rays powder diffraction
  • x rays powder diffraction
  • x ray powder diffraction
  • powder x-rays diffraction
  • powder x rays diffraction
  • powder x ray diffraction

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Minéralogie
CONT

Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.

CONT

À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.

Key term(s)
  • diffraction de rayons-X sur poudres

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2003-06-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
CONT

X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) was proven to be a very powerful tool for the study of "green stone" Neolithic axes and other artifacts. The amount of material to be sampled can be reduced to a few milligrams, thus making it a quasi-non destructive method. ... If the dimension of an object is adequate (up to 60 cm in bulk, depending upon the shape) it can be directly analyzed, by XRPD, without sampling. Even a rough, irregular surface, both on flat and bent objects, is suitable for the analysis. The XRPD analysis is, therefore, totally non-destructive and is obviously very adapt to analyze many different materials, such as pigments, stones, ceramics, metals, patinas, salts efflorescences etc.

Key term(s)
  • x ray powder diffraction analysis

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
CONT

Scintag X'TRA est un nouveau système d'analyse des poudres par diffraction de rayons X (XRD).

OBS

Les techniques analytiques : [...] Diffraction des rayons X sur poudres et sur cristaux.

OBS

En français, rayons X ne prend pas de trait d'union.

Key term(s)
  • analyse des poudres par diffraction des rayons-X
  • analyse par diffraction des rayons-X sur poudres

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 2003-04-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
CONT

X-ray Diffraction Method is an accurate, reliable and time proven tool for residual stress analysis. Using Bragg's law of diffraction the value of surface residual stress can be found by measuring the angle at which an X-ray beam diffracts from the surface of an analyzed component. This measurement method is absolute: i.e. it does not require calibration on samples of known stress levels.

CONT

Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, grain size and micro-stresses determination, macro-stresses measurement using X-ray diffraction method.

Key term(s)
  • X-rays diffraction method
  • X rays diffraction method
  • X ray diffraction method

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
CONT

Deux méthodes de diffraction sont les plus utilisées pour déterminer les contraintes résiduelles à la surface des matériaux cristallins : la méthode par diffraction de neutrons et la méthode par diffraction des rayons X, qui fut la première proposée par Lester et Abon au siècle dernier (1925) [...] Le principe est fondé sur la mesure des variations des distances inter-atomiques liées directement à la présence de contraintes résiduelles. L'introduction d'un champ de contraintes résiduelles va se traduire par une déformation du réseau cristallin. En utilisant les plans cristallins comme jauges de déformation, la diffractométrie permet de déterminer de manière non destructive les contraintes en surface dans les matériaux cristallins uniquement [...]

Key term(s)
  • méthode d'analyse par diffraction des rayons X
  • méthode d'analyse par diffraction des rayon-X
  • méthode par diffraction des rayons-X

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2003-01-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
  • Air Pollution
CONT

... but X-rays diffraction methods have also been used to identify calcium carbonate, iron oxide.

Key term(s)
  • x-ray diffraction method

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
  • Pollution de l'air
CONT

Les méthodes d'analyse par diffraction des rayons X permettent l'étude qualitative et quantitatives des substances cristallines [...] en suspension dans l'air.

Key term(s)
  • méthode par diffraction des rayons X

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 1992-12-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiography (Medicine)

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radiographie (Médecine)

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 1992-03-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Optical Instruments

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments d'optique

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 1984-08-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medical Imaging

French

Domaine(s)
  • Imagerie médicale

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 1976-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physics

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique
OBS

(H.P.)

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 1976-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Electromagnetic Radiation

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments scientifiques
  • Rayonnements électromagnétiques

Spanish

Save record 13

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