TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High brightness, short pulse width (<200 picoseconds) x-ray lasers now offer biologists the possibility of high-resolution imaging of specimens in an aqueous environment without the blurring effects associated with natural motion or chemical erosion. As a step toward developing the capabilities of this type of x-ray microscopy, a tantalum x-ray laser at a 44.83-angstrom wavelength was used together with an x-ray zone plate optic to image both unlabeled and selectively gold-labeled dried rat sperm nuclei. In the image, 500-angstrom features are clearly visible. This illustrates the importance of x-ray microscopy in determining chemical composition. X-ray microscopy also provides information about the uniformity of sperm chromatin organization and the extent of sperm chromatin hydration.  2, record 1, English, - X%2Dray%20microscopy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La microscopie par rayons X utilise des «X mous» d'une longueur d'onde comprise entre 1 et 10 nm.  1, record 1, French, - microscopie%20par%20rayons%20X

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La microscopía de rayos X ha emergido como técnica para observar estructuras que no son accesibles con microscopía óptica convencional, y que tiene ventajas respecto a la microscopía electrónica debido a la mayor longitud de penetración y a la sensibilidad química de la radiación X.  2, record 1, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20de%20rayos%20X

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rigid nanofibre of uniform, variable or tapered outer diameter, that is capable of delivering fluids or nano-objects to specific cells or tissue locations and that is also used for indenting biological structures.  1, record 2, English, - nanoneedle

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Example: Nanoneedles can be used in skin poration for immunization.  1, record 2, English, - nanoneedle

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nanoneedle: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 2, English, - nanoneedle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nanofibre rigide de diamètre extérieur uniforme ou variable, ou en biseau, capable d'injecter des fluides ou des nano-objets à des emplacements cellulaires ou tissulaires spécifiques, et qui est également utilisée pour indenter des structures biologiques.  1, record 2, French, - nano%2Daiguille

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exemple : [Les nano-aiguilles peuvent servir à] la perforation de la peau à des fins d'immunisation.  1, record 2, French, - nano%2Daiguille

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nano-aiguille : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 2, French, - nano%2Daiguille

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión(TEM) y transmisión-barrido(STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  1, record 2, Spanish, - nanoaguja

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combines the principles of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and can be performed on either type of instrument. Like TEM [transmission electron microscopy], STEM requires very thin samples and looks primarily at beam electrons transmitted by the sample. One of its principal advantages over TEM is in enabling the use of other signals that cannot be spatially correlated in TEM, including secondary electrons, scattered beam electrons, characteristic X-rays, and electron energy loss. Like SEM [scanning electron microscopy], the STEM technique scans a very finely focused beam of electrons across the sample in a raster pattern. Interactions between the beam electrons and sample atoms generate a serial signal stream, which is correlated with beam position to build a virtual image in which the signal level at any location in the sample is represented by the gray level at the corresponding location in the image. Its primary advantage over conventional SEM imaging is the improvement in spatial resolution.  3, record 3, English, - scanning%20transmission%20electron%20microscopy

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caractérisation des nanomatériaux par microscopie électronique à transmission et à balayage : résolution, analyse X, diffraction électronique, topographie et cartographie.  4, record 3, French, - microscopie%20%C3%A9lectronique%20%C3%A0%20transmission%20et%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión(TEM) y transmisión-barrido(STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  2, record 3, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

STEM: por su sigla en inglés (scanning transmission electron microscopy).  3, record 3, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20y%20barrido

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transmission electron microscopy is used to produce images from a sample by illuminating the sample with electrons (i.e. the electron beam) within a high vacuum, and detecting the electrons that are transmitted through the sample.  4, record 4, English, - transmission%20electron%20microscopy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la microscopie à transmission électronique (TEM), les électrons sont émis à partir d'un filament et accélérés dans un champ électrique. La lentille du condensateur dirige le faisceau d'électrons sur l'échantillon. Les lentilles de l'objectif et du projecteur concentrent les électrons qui passent à travers le spécimen et les projettent sur un écran ou sur un autre détecteur [...] Les électrons étant absorbés par les atomes de l'air, la totalité du tube situé entre la source d'électrons et le détecteur est maintenue sous vide.  5, record 4, French, - microscopie%20%C3%A9lectronique%20%C3%A0%20transmission

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión(TEM) y transmisión-barrido(STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  2, record 4, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

TEM: por su sigla en inglés (transmission electron microscopy).  4, record 4, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20electr%C3%B3nica%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SNOM is the acronym for "scanning near-field optical microscopy," an alternative name for NSOM (near-field scanning optical microscopy). The basic principle of such a kind of technique is quite simple: light passes through a sub-wavelength diameter aperture and illuminates a sample that is placed within its near field, at a distance much less than the wavelength of the light. The resolution achieved is far better than that which conventional optical microscopes can attain.  4, record 5, English, - scanning%20near%2Dfield%20optical%20microscopy

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Microscopists are now in a position to transfer the refinements of the past 100-year techniques for enhancing contrast and highlighting specific features, such as polarization contrast, immunofluorescence and phase contrast to scanning near-field optical microscopy. With existing scanned-probe microscopes we can "see" the nanometer realm of molecules and microcircuits. As the same technology is applied to optical microscopy, we may eventually come to see that world in the familiar terms of light, shadow and color.  6, record 5, English, - scanning%20near%2Dfield%20optical%20microscopy

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces interactions se produisent à l'échelle moléculaire, c'est pourquoi il est très important d'analyser les propriétés physico-chimiques de la surface à l'échelle atomique et moléculaire. Pour ce faire nous utilisons dans notre groupe les techniques de microscopie à champ proche à balayage : microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), microscopie à force atomique ou effet de force (AFM-SFM), microscopie optique à champ proche à balayage (SNOM).  1, record 5, French, - microscopie%20optique%20%C3%A0%20champ%20proche%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'équipe [...] a réussi à visualiser ce phénomène biologique en recourant à la microscopie optique à balayage à champ proche (NSOM). Cette technologie d'imagerie éclaire la cellule en canalisant la lumière dans une sonde à fibre optique plus petite qu'un micron. La minuscule ouverture de la sonde (guère plus de 50 nanomètres de diamètre) interdit la diffraction des rayons lumineux qui réduit normalement la résolution en microscopie classique.  3, record 5, French, - microscopie%20optique%20%C3%A0%20champ%20proche%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión(TEM) y transmisión-barrido(STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  1, record 5, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20%C3%B3ptica%20de%20barrido%20de%20campo%20cercano