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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

… viruses cannot replicate outside the living host cells and are therefore obligate intracellular parasites.  2, record 1, English, - obligate%20intracellular%20parasite

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un virus est un parasite intracellulaire obligatoire, c'est-à-dire qu'il a besoin d'être présent dans une cellule, dont il utilise le matériel génétique, pour se répliquer […]  1, record 1, French, - parasite%20intracellulaire%20obligatoire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La diferencia clave entre el parásito intracelular obligatorio y el bacteriófago es que el parásito intracelular obligatorio es cualquier tipo de organismo, incluidos virus, bacterias, protozoos y hongos, que no pueden reproducirse sin una célula huésped, mientras que el bacteriófago es un virus parásito intracelular obligatorio que infecta y replica solo en bacterias.  1, record 1, Spanish, - par%C3%A1sito%20intracelular%20obligatorio

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The labeled cos end is used as a single reference point to arrange clones in an ordered array for mapping. Complete cleavage at the cos site in the target DNA is not required because uncleaved cos sites will not hybridize with the cosoligonucleotides. In addition, Lambda Terminase cleaves vectors containing the cos site; i.e., cosmids and BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes). Linearized cosmids give much higher efficiencies in in vitro lambda packaging systems or transfection into animal cells.  1, record 2, English, - cos%20site

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Site correspondant aux extrémités cohésives de génome du phage lambda.  1, record 2, French, - site%20COS

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Extensión complementaria del ADN del bacteriófago lambda formada por hebras de 12 bases.  1, record 2, Spanish, - extremo%20cos

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bacteriophage capable of lysogenization, i.e., of being inserted into the cellular DNA of the host bacterium as a prophage, and of replicating indefinitely within the bacterial chromosome without producing virions.  3, record 3, English, - temperate%20phage

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phage dont le génome peut s'intégrer dans l'ADN de la cellule hôte et en transformer les propriétés. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  4, record 3, French, - phage%20temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le phage tempéré est capable de lysogéniser les bactéries qu'il infecte. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.]  5, record 3, French, - phage%20temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Intégré au génome de la cellule hôte, le phage prend le nom de prophage. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.]  5, record 3, French, - phage%20temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

phage tempéré; phage lysogénique : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR et publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  6, record 3, French, - phage%20temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fago (virus) que invade, aunque generalmente no destruye (lisa), la célula bacteriana hospedadora.  2, record 3, Spanish, - fago%20temperado

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bacterium whose chromosome carries a largely inactive phage genome.  3, record 4, English, - lysogen

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this state the virus is called a provirus or prophage.  3, record 4, English, - lysogen

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bactérie qui contient des bactériophages non virulents, dits tempérés ou prophages.  2, record 4, French, - bact%C3%A9rie%20lysog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle peut les transmettre sous cette forme de génération en génération. On la nomme ainsi parce qu'elle est capable de se lyser, soit spontanément, soit sous certaines conditions expérimentales.  2, record 4, French, - bact%C3%A9rie%20lysog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bactérie lysogène : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR et publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  3, record 4, French, - bact%C3%A9rie%20lysog%C3%A8ne

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Célula bacteriana cuyo cromosoma tiene integrado el ADN de un bacteriófago.  1, record 4, Spanish, - lis%C3%B3gena

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Is a filamentous bacteriophage composed of circular single stranded DNA ( ssDNA) which is 6407 nucleotides long encapsulated in approximately 2700 copies of the major coat protein P8, and capped with 5 copies of two different minor coat proteins (P9, P6, P3) on the ends.  1, record 5, English, - M13%20bacteriophage

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phage dont la forme libre est constituée d’une membrane entourant un ADN simple brin de 6,4 kilobases.  1, record 5, French, - bact%C3%A9riophage%20M13

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bacteriófago de ADN monocatenario utilizado como vector para la secuenciación de ADN.  1, record 5, Spanish, - bacteri%C3%B3fago%20M13

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The transfer of DNA between two cell genomes by using a vector (bacteria, virus).  2, record 6, English, - transduction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Transduction was first observed in bacteriophage/bacterium systems, but has since also been found to be mediated by certain viruses.  3, record 6, English, - transduction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

bacterial, viral transduction  2, record 6, English, - transduction

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfert de séquences d'ADN entre différents génomes cellulaires par l'intermédiaire d'un vecteur (bactérie, virus).  2, record 6, French, - transduction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par extension, changement dans la constitution génétique d'une espèce par addition d'ADN provenant d'une autre espèce.  3, record 6, French, - transduction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

transduction : Extrait de la norme NF-X42-004 reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.  4, record 6, French, - transduction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

transduction virale  2, record 6, French, - transduction

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transferencia genética de un microorganismo a otro mediante un bacteriófago.  2, record 6, Spanish, - transducci%C3%B3n

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The process removes a certain amount of nitrogen and ... considerable reduces the pathogenic germs as well as finally breaking down the BOD. The ultraviolet light of the sun, the bacteriostatic effect of a long retention time, the bacteriophagic action of more advanced organisms developing naturally makes it possible to divide the bacterial pollution in the effluent ...  1, record 7, English, - bacteriophagic

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le lagunage permet une certaine élimination de l'azote et surtout une réduction très substantielle des germes pathogènes. L'action des ultraviolets de la lumière solaire, l'effet bactériostatique d'un long temps de séjour, l'action bactériophage d'organismes plus évolués se développant naturellement permettent de diviser [...] la pollution bactérienne d'un effluent.  1, record 7, French, - bact%C3%A9riophage

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of the viruses that infect bacterial cells; each has a narrow host range.  3, record 8, English, - bacteriophage

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus qui se comporte comme parasite d'une bactérie donnée, et qui provoque sa destruction par lyse.  2, record 8, French, - bact%C3%A9riophage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «bactériophage», initialement proposé par d'Hérelle, tend à être remplacé par celui de phage.  2, record 8, French, - bact%C3%A9riophage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus que infecta las bacterias a las que incorpora su material genético, sirviéndose de los constituyentes bacterianos para su replicación.  3, record 8, Spanish, - fago

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The acquisition of new characters (e.g., changes in certain antigenic properties, in the production of toxins, and in the sensitivity to infection by unrelated phages) by bacterial cells containing a prophage.  5, record 9, English, - phage%20conversion

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acquisition d'un caractère nouveau par une cellule bactérienne subissant une lysogénie.  3, record 9, French, - conversion%20phagique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adquisición de nuevos caracteres por una bacteria lisogénica, a causa de su infección por un bacteriófago atemperado.  2, record 9, Spanish, - conversi%C3%B3n%20lisog%C3%A9nica

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A virus that infects and replicates within the host cells of bacteria.  4, record 14, English, - bacteriophage%20lambda

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some viruses may remain dormant inside host cells for long periods, causing no obvious change in their host cells (a stage known as the lysogenic phase). But when a dormant virus is stimulated, it enters the lytic phase: new viruses are formed, [they] self-assemble, and burst out of the host cell, killing the cell and going on to infect other cells. The diagram below at right shows a virus that attacks bacteria, known as the lambda bacteriophage, which measures roughly 200 nanometers.  2, record 14, English, - bacteriophage%20lambda

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme that catalyses the replication of a macromolecule (especially DNA or RNA). Examples are DNA and RNA polymerases.  1, record 15, English, - replicase

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme qui catalyse spécifiquement la réplication de l'A.D.N. et de l'A.R.N. aussi bien in vitro qu'in vivo. (Il s'agit de l'A.D.N. polymérase et de l'A.R.N. polymérase).  1, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9plicase

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La cadena de ARN que constituye el material genético del bacteriófago contiene sólo cuatro genes, uno de los cuales determina la replicasa. Se trata de una enzima que resulta imprescindible para la supervivencia y proliferación del virus, ya que es la encargada de hacer copias del genoma de ARN vírico.  1, record 15, Spanish, - replicasa