TERMIUM Plus®
From: Translation Bureau
On social media
Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.
COPAS [13 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2011-06-20
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
- Forestry Operations
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- forest canopy
1, record 1, English, forest%20canopy
correct, officially approved
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- canopy 2, record 1, English, canopy
correct
- crown canopy 3, record 1, English, crown%20canopy
correct
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by the crowns of adjacent trees and other woody growth. 4, record 1, English, - forest%20canopy
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The forest canopy modifies the snowpack below treeline. 5, record 1, English, - forest%20canopy
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
forest canopy: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 6, record 1, English, - forest%20canopy
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
- Exploitation forestière
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- couvert forestier
1, record 1, French, couvert%20forestier
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- couvert 2, record 1, French, couvert
correct, masculine noun
- voûte forestière 3, record 1, French, vo%C3%BBte%20foresti%C3%A8re
feminine noun
- canopée 4, record 1, French, canop%C3%A9e
avoid, anglicism, feminine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Écran formé par l'ensemble plus ou moins continu des branches et du feuillage des arbres et [des] autres plantes ligneuses d'un peuplement végétal [...] 5, record 1, French, - couvert%20forestier
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le couvert forestier modifie le manteau neigeux au-dessous de la limite forestière. 6, record 1, French, - couvert%20forestier
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
couvert forestier : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 7, record 1, French, - couvert%20forestier
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
- Explotación forestal
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- cubierta de copas
1, record 1, Spanish, cubierta%20de%20copas
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cubierta formada por el follaje y las ramas de las copas de los árboles de un monte. 2, record 1, Spanish, - cubierta%20de%20copas
Record 2 - internal organization data 2009-08-13
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Forestry Operations
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- crown closure
1, record 2, English, crown%20closure
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The percentage of ground area covered by the vertically projected tree crown areas. 1, record 2, English, - crown%20closure
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Exploitation forestière
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- couvert vertical au sol
1, record 2, French, couvert%20vertical%20au%20sol
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Proportion du couvert vertical par rapport à la surface totale de la station considérée. 1, record 2, French, - couvert%20vertical%20au%20sol
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Explotación forestal
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- fracción de cabida cubierta
1, record 2, Spanish, fracci%C3%B3n%20de%20cabida%20cubierta
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
- espesura vertical 2, record 2, Spanish, espesura%20vertical
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Grado de recubrimiento del suelo por la proyección vertical de las copas de arbolado forestal expresada en tanto por ciento. 1, record 2, Spanish, - fracci%C3%B3n%20de%20cabida%20cubierta
Record 3 - internal organization data 2009-06-12
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- closed canopy
1, record 3, English, closed%20canopy
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- complete canopy 2, record 3, English, complete%20canopy
correct
- continuous canopy 2, record 3, English, continuous%20canopy
correct
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The description given to a stand when the crowns of the main level of trees forming the canopy are touching and intermingled so that light cannot reach the forest floor directly. 3, record 3, English, - closed%20canopy
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- couvert fermé
1, record 3, French, couvert%20ferm%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- couvert plein 2, record 3, French, couvert%20plein
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Couvert où 80 à 100 % du sol est ombragé par les cimes des arbres. 2, record 3, French, - couvert%20ferm%C3%A9
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- espesura completa
1, record 3, Spanish, espesura%20completa
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
- espesura cerrada 1, record 3, Spanish, espesura%20cerrada
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
La que posee una masa cuya fracción de cabida cubierta tiene un valor entre 85 y 100%, donde las copas de los árboles se tocan tangencialmente. 1, record 3, Spanish, - espesura%20completa
Record 4 - internal organization data 2008-08-14
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
- Forestry Operations
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- open forest
1, record 4, English, open%20forest
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- open woodland 2, record 4, English, open%20woodland
correct
- open woodland forest 3, record 4, English, open%20woodland%20forest
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Logging in the late 1980s mainly occurred in these last great reserves of mature softwoods, north of the 49th parallel and bordering the open woodland, where trees are of small diameter and widely spaced. 4, record 4, English, - open%20forest
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
- Exploitation forestière
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- forêt ouverte
1, record 4, French, for%C3%AAt%20ouverte
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- forêt claire 2, record 4, French, for%C3%AAt%20claire
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cette zone d'exploitation, soulignons-le, frôle la forêt ouverte, où les arbres sont espacés et de petit diamètre. 3, record 4, French, - for%C3%AAt%20ouverte
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
- Explotación forestal
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- monte abierto
1, record 4, Spanish, monte%20abierto
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
- bosque abierto 2, record 4, Spanish, bosque%20abierto
correct, masculine noun
- bosque claro 3, record 4, Spanish, bosque%20claro
masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Zona con arbolado adulto cuyas copas cubren del 5 al 20% de la superficie, que se utiliza principalmente para el pastoreo. 1, record 4, Spanish, - monte%20abierto
Record 5 - internal organization data 2004-03-09
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- thinning from above
1, record 5, English, thinning%20from%20above
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- high thinning 2, record 5, English, high%20thinning
correct
- crown thinning 3, record 5, English, crown%20thinning
correct
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A type of thinning that particularly favours the most promising (and therefore not necessarily the dominant) stems, with due regard to even distribution over the stand, by removing from any canopy class those trees that are interfering with them. 2, record 5, English, - thinning%20from%20above
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- éclaircie par le haut
1, record 5, French, %C3%A9claircie%20par%20le%20haut
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
- éclaircie à la française 2, record 5, French, %C3%A9claircie%20%C3%A0%20la%20fran%C3%A7aise
see observation, feminine noun
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode d'éclaircie qui consiste à enlever les dominants et les codominants qui nuisent le plus aux tiges d'élite de ces deux classes de cime et à ne prélever dans les classes inférieures que les arbres marchands destinés à se perdre avant le retour des coupes. 3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9claircie%20par%20le%20haut
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le complément «à la française» dans le syntagme «éclaircie à la française» se trouve entre guillemets. 4, record 5, French, - %C3%A9claircie%20par%20le%20haut
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- aclareo de copas
1, record 5, Spanish, aclareo%20de%20copas
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cortas que se hacen en las clases de pies de copa alta apeando los dominantes y codominantes que luchan con otros árboles mejores de las mismas clases. 1, record 5, Spanish, - aclareo%20de%20copas
Record 6 - internal organization data 2004-01-20
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Botany
- Silviculture
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- whip
1, record 6, English, whip
correct, noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- whip tree 2, record 6, English, whip%20tree
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Any slender tree that the wind causes to lacerate the crowns of its neighbours ... Most commonly refers to hardwood species among conifers. 3, record 6, English, - whip
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A whip is unlikely to become a desirable crop tree. 3, record 6, English, - whip
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Botanique
- Sylviculture
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- fouet
1, record 6, French, fouet
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Arbre à tige flexible qui, agité par le vent, touche les cimes de ses voisins. 2, record 6, French, - fouet
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Botánica
- Silvicultura
Record 6, Main entry term, Spanish
- látigo
1, record 6, Spanish, l%C3%A1tigo
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 6, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Árbol alto y delgado que forma parte de la cubierta superior; puede no llegar a ser un buen árbol maderable, y azota y daña a las copas de los inmediatos. 1, record 6, Spanish, - l%C3%A1tigo
Record 7 - internal organization data 2003-09-26
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Ecosystems
- Silviculture
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- canopy density
1, record 7, English, canopy%20density
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The amount of foliar cover, combining the extent of canopy closure and crown density. 2, record 7, English, - canopy%20density
Record 7, Key term(s)
- density of canopy
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Écosystèmes
- Sylviculture
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- densité du couvert
1, record 7, French, densit%C3%A9%20du%20couvert
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- densité du couvert forestier 2, record 7, French, densit%C3%A9%20du%20couvert%20forestier
feminine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Mesure de la couverture du feuillage, tant en raison de la fermeture du couvert que de la densité des cimes. 3, record 7, French, - densit%C3%A9%20du%20couvert
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ecosistemas
- Silvicultura
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- densidad de vuelo
1, record 7, Spanish, densidad%20de%20vuelo
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
- densidad de la cubierta de copas 2, record 7, Spanish, densidad%20de%20la%20cubierta%20de%20copas
feminine noun
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Capacidad del vuelo en una masa forestal. 1, record 7, Spanish, - densidad%20de%20vuelo
Record 8 - internal organization data 2002-01-30
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
- Forestry Operations
- Ecosystems
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- lop and top
1, record 8, English, lop%20and%20top
correct, see observation
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- browst 2, record 8, English, browst
correct, see observation
- trim 2, record 8, English, trim
correct, noun, New Zealand
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The branches and top(s) cut from a tree, generally one felled or fallen. 2, record 8, English, - lop%20and%20top
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
lop and top: term used in the Commonwealth; browst: term used in the United Kingdom. 3, record 8, English, - lop%20and%20top
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
- Exploitation forestière
- Écosystèmes
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- résidu d'ébranchage-façonnage
1, record 8, French, r%C3%A9sidu%20d%27%C3%A9branchage%2Dfa%C3%A7onnage
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- rémanent d'ébranchage-façonnage 1, record 8, French, r%C3%A9manent%20d%27%C3%A9branchage%2Dfa%C3%A7onnage
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Les branches et rameaux provenant du façonnage d'un arbre abattu ou tombé naturellement. 1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20d%27%C3%A9branchage%2Dfa%C3%A7onnage
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
- Explotación forestal
- Ecosistemas
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- leña de copas
1, record 8, Spanish, le%C3%B1a%20de%20copas
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2001-11-20
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- canopy manipulation
1, record 9, English, canopy%20manipulation
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- aménagement du couvert
1, record 9, French, am%C3%A9nagement%20du%20couvert
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record 9, Key term(s)
- aménagement du couvert forestier
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
Record 9, Main entry term, Spanish
- arreglo de la cubierta de copas
1, record 9, Spanish, arreglo%20de%20la%20cubierta%20de%20copas
masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 9, Synonyms, Spanish
- manipulación de la cubierta de copas 1, record 9, Spanish, manipulaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20cubierta%20de%20copas
masculine noun
- ordenación de la cubierta de copas 1, record 9, Spanish, ordenaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20cubierta%20de%20copas
masculine noun
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2001-10-30
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Silviculture
- Forestry Operations
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- canopy class
1, record 10, English, canopy%20class
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- canopy cover class 1, record 10, English, canopy%20cover%20class
correct
- crown closure class 2, record 10, English, crown%20closure%20class
- canopy density class 2, record 10, English, canopy%20density%20class
- crown density class 3, record 10, English, crown%20density%20class
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Any class into which crops or stands may be divided on the basis of the degree of closure i.e. completeness, of the canopy. 1, record 10, English, - canopy%20class
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Sylviculture
- Exploitation forestière
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- classe de couvert
1, record 10, French, classe%20de%20couvert
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
- classe de fermeture du couvert 2, record 10, French, classe%20de%20fermeture%20du%20couvert
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
L'une des classes entre lesquelles peuvent être répartis des peuplements forestiers compte tenu de la surface au sol comprise à l'intérieur de la projection verticale des cimes qui les composent. 2, record 10, French, - classe%20de%20couvert
Record 10, Key term(s)
- classe du degré de couverture
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Silvicultura
- Explotación forestal
Record 10, Main entry term, Spanish
- clase de densidad de la cubierta de copas
1, record 10, Spanish, clase%20de%20densidad%20de%20la%20cubierta%20de%20copas
feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 10, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2000-12-08
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Chemistry
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- multilayer adsorption
1, record 11, English, multilayer%20adsorption
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Adsorption such that the adsorption space accommodates more tan one layer of molecules, and not all adsorbed molecules are in contact with the surface layer of the adsorbent. 2, record 11, English, - multilayer%20adsorption
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Chimie
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- adsorption en multicouches
1, record 11, French, adsorption%20en%20multicouches
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- adsorption multicouche 2, record 11, French, adsorption%20multicouche
correct, feminine noun
- adsorption à plusieurs couches 3, record 11, French, adsorption%20%C3%A0%20plusieurs%20couches
feminine noun
- adsorption en plusieurs couches 4, record 11, French, adsorption%20en%20plusieurs%20couches
feminine noun
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Une adsorption telle que l'espace d'adsorption comporte plus d'une couche de molécules et que toutes les molécules adsorbées ne soient pas en contact avec la couche de surface de l'adsorbant. 1, record 11, French, - adsorption%20en%20multicouches
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Química
Record 11, Main entry term, Spanish
- adsorción en copas múltiples
1, record 11, Spanish, adsorci%C3%B3n%20en%20copas%20m%C3%BAltiples
feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 11, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 1997-11-11
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- International Bodies and Committees
- Committees and Boards (Admin.)
- Farm Management and Policy
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- Joint Committee for the Promotion of Agricultural Co-operatives 1, record 12, English, Joint%20Committee%20for%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Agricultural%20Co%2Doperatives
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
Record 12, Key term(s)
- Joint Committee for the Promotion of Agricultural Cooperatives
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Organismes et comités internationaux
- Comités et commissions (Admin.)
- Gestion et politique agricole
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- Comité mixte pour la promotion des coopératives agricoles
1, record 12, French, Comit%C3%A9%20mixte%20pour%20la%20promotion%20des%20coop%C3%A9ratives%20agricoles
masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Organismos y comités internacionales
- Comités y juntas (Admón.)
- Gestión y política agrícola
Record 12, Main entry term, Spanish
- Comité Mixto para la Promoción de Cooperativas Agrícolas
1, record 12, Spanish, Comit%C3%A9%20Mixto%20para%20la%20Promoci%C3%B3n%20de%20Cooperativas%20Agr%C3%ADcolas
masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 12, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 1994-12-13
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Chocolate and Confectionery
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- chocolate flakes 1, record 13, English, chocolate%20flakes
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Confiserie et chocolaterie
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- chocolat en flocons 1, record 13, French, chocolat%20en%20flocons
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Chocolat sous forme de flocons dont la teneur minimale en matière sèche totale est de 32 % et celle en beurre de cacao de 12 %. 1, record 13, French, - chocolat%20en%20flocons
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Productos de confitería y chocolatería
Record 13, Main entry term, Spanish
- chocolate en copas
1, record 13, Spanish, chocolate%20en%20copas
masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 13, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau
Features
GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)
Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.
Writing tools
The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.
Glossaries and vocabularies
Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.
- Date Modified:


