TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

rev genes: DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that regulates the expression of the viral structural and regulatory proteins in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  3, record 1, English, - rev%20gene

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rev: regulator of expression of virion proteins.  4, record 1, English, - rev%20gene

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

art: anti-repression transactivator.  4, record 1, English, - rev%20gene

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

trs: transregulator of splicing.  4, record 1, English, - rev%20gene

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rev : L'abréviation «rev» provient du terme anglais «regulator of expression of virion proteins».  3, record 1, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20rev

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

art : L'abréviation «art» provient du terme anglais «anti-repression transactivator».  3, record 1, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20rev

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

trs : L'abréviation «trs» provient du terme anglais «transregulator of splicing».  3, record 1, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20rev

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gen regulatorio del VIH que incrementa su replicación.  1, record 1, Spanish, - rev

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

People living with HIV may develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood problems collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Typical symptoms include difficulties with attention, concentration, and memory; loss of motivation; irritability; depression; and slowed movements.  6, record 2, English, - HIV%2Dassociated%20neurocognitive%20disorder

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

HIV-associated dementia; HAD: In 1990, the World Health Organization recommended the use of "HIV-associated dementia (HAD)" to replace the designation "AIDS dementia complex (ADC)." However, the designation "HIV-associated dementia (HAD)" has been used since 2007 to refer to the most severe form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.  7, record 2, English, - HIV%2Dassociated%20neurocognitive%20disorder

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.  7, record 2, English, - HIV%2Dassociated%20neurocognitive%20disorder

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.  7, record 2, English, - HIV%2Dassociated%20neurocognitive%20disorder

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

VIH : virus de l'immunodéficience humaine.  4, record 2, French, - trouble%20neurocognitif%20associ%C3%A9%20au%20VIH

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad que puede ser provocada por el VIH y que consiste en la degeneración del tejido cerebral; sus principales manifestaciones o síntomas son pérdida progresiva de la memoria, alteraciones del estado de alerta, convulsiones, cefalea, falta de retención e interés.  1, record 2, Spanish, - complejo%20demencial%20del%20sida

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La forma de diagnosticarla es por electroencefalograma, tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo, búsqueda de VIH en líquido cefalorraquídeo. Su tratamiento es básicamente con AZT.  2, record 2, Spanish, - complejo%20demencial%20del%20sida

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) is a message used in HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] campaigns. It means that if someone has an undetectable viral load, they cannot sexually transmit HIV to others. ... U=U is supported by numerous health groups and organisations worldwide, including the World Health Organization (WHO). ... U=U is also used as an HIV prevention strategy: if someone is undetectable, they can not pass it further and hence, prevents the virus from spreading.  4, record 3, English, - Undetectable%20%3D%20Untransmittable

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Thanks to the advances in HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] science over the last four decades, people living with HIV who are on medication and maintain an undetectable amount of virus in their blood can lead a long, healthy life without the fear of passing HIV to their sexual partner. This is the powerful message behind "Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U)."  5, record 3, English, - Undetectable%20%3D%20Untransmittable

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Indétectable = Intransmissible (I=I), en anglais Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U), est un slogan qui signifie qu'une personne séropositive ne peut transmettre le VIH [virus de l'immunodéficience humaine] lors d'un rapport sexuel si elle a une charge virale rendue indétectable grâce à son traitement par antirétroviraux [...], ce que prouvent de nombreuses études cliniques [...]  3, record 3, French, - Ind%C3%A9tectable%20%3D%20Intransmissible

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En septiembre pasado, en el Día Nacional de Concientización sobre el VIH/SIDA [virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida], el Centro para el Control de Enfermedades(CDC) declaró que los hombres con VIH que tienen una carga viral indetectable(niveles de VIH en la sangre que están por debajo del umbral de detección) no pueden transmitir el VIH a sus parejas. Esto a menudo se resume con la frase Indetectable=Intransmisible [...]  1, record 3, Spanish, - Indetectable%3DIntransmisible

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... sex without disclosure of HIV status is relatively common among persons living with HIV.  1, record 4, English, - HIV%20serostatus

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

HIV serostatus can be either positive (seropositivity) or negative (seronegativity).  3, record 4, English, - HIV%20serostatus

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Positive, negative, unknown HIV serostatus.  3, record 4, English, - HIV%20serostatus

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 PHR

HIV serostatus disclosure.  3, record 4, English, - HIV%20serostatus

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État d'infection ou de non-infection d'une personne par le VIH.  2, record 4, French, - %C3%A9tat%20s%C3%A9rologique%20vis%2D%C3%A0%2Dvis%20du%20VIH

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'état sérologique vis-à-vis du VIH peut être positif (séropositivité) ou négatif (séronégativité).  5, record 4, French, - %C3%A9tat%20s%C3%A9rologique%20vis%2D%C3%A0%2Dvis%20du%20VIH

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sérologie VIH: Ce terme est aussi utilisé pour désigner un test de dépistage des anticorps anti-VIH.  5, record 4, French, - %C3%A9tat%20s%C3%A9rologique%20vis%2D%C3%A0%2Dvis%20du%20VIH

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Connaître, divulguer son état sérologique vis-à-vis du VIH.  5, record 4, French, - %C3%A9tat%20s%C3%A9rologique%20vis%2D%C3%A0%2Dvis%20du%20VIH

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The standard nontreponemal antigen serologic test for syphilis [that consists of] a slide flocculation test using heat-inactivated serum and VDRL antigen, a standardized mixture of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol.  4, record 5, English, - VDRL%20test

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Syphilitic infection leads to the production of nonspecific antibodies that react to cardiolipin. This reaction is the foundation of "non-treponemal" assays such as the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test[, a] flocculation type [test that uses] an antigen-antibody interaction. The complexes remain suspended and therefore visible due to the lipid based antigens. With the VDRL a microscope is required ... The VDRL assay detects an antibody against cardiolipin, a cellular membrane component that is released by cells when they are damaged by T. [Treponema] pallidum or in some other medical conditions.  3, record 5, English, - VDRL%20test

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although "VDRL" is widely used as synonym of "VDRL test," it is preferable to use the more precise terms to avoid any confusion.  5, record 5, English, - VDRL%20test

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

VDRL test: This term appears under the entry "test" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.  5, record 5, English, - VDRL%20test

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagnostic sérologique [de la syphilis] comprend un test de dépistage initial du sérum par des analyses non tréponémiques telles que le test VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) [...]  3, record 5, French, - test%20VDRL

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

VDRL -- Il repose sur l'agglutination passive des anticorps dirigés contre l'antigène cardiolipidique fixé sur un support inerte constitué de cristaux de cholestérol. La formation de complexes antigènes-anticorps provoque la formation de floculats visibles au microscope, à faible grossissement. Le VDRL est simple, rapide et peu coûteux.  4, record 5, French, - test%20VDRL

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien qu'on utilise souvent «VDRL» pour désigner la notion de «test VDRL», il est préférable d'utiliser «test VDRL» pour éviter toute confusion.  5, record 5, French, - test%20VDRL

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prueba VDRL. En las personas seropositivas al VIH es importante la realización de este examen porque la presencia de otra ETS [enfermedades de transmisión sexual] puede activar al VIH, haciendo necesario dar de inmediato el tratamiento contra aquella.  1, record 5, Spanish, - prueba%20VDRL

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

VDRL por sus iniciales en inglés "Venereal Disease Research Laboratory".  2, record 5, Spanish, - prueba%20VDRL

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Network] is a Canada-wide partnership of researchers, people living with HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] and their caregivers, governments, health advocates, and the ... pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. The Network facilitates HIV clinical trials that meet the highest scientific and ethical standards.  2, record 6, English, - CIHR%20Canadian%20HIV%20Trials%20Network

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CIHR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.  3, record 6, English, - CIHR%20Canadian%20HIV%20Trials%20Network

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.  4, record 6, English, - CIHR%20Canadian%20HIV%20Trials%20Network

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ce réseau] est un partenariat [...] de [chercheurs] cliniques, de médecins, d'infirmières, de personnes vivant avec le VIH [virus de l'immunodéficience humaine], d'entreprises pharmaceutiques et autres. Ce partenariat facilite la conduite d'essais cliniques sur le VIH qui répondent aux normes scientifiques et éthiques les plus strictes.  2, record 6, French, - R%C3%A9seau%20canadien%20pour%20les%20essais%20VIH%20des%20IRSC

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

IRSC : Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada.  3, record 6, French, - R%C3%A9seau%20canadien%20pour%20les%20essais%20VIH%20des%20IRSC

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

VIH : virus de l'immunodéficience humaine.  4, record 6, French, - R%C3%A9seau%20canadien%20pour%20les%20essais%20VIH%20des%20IRSC

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

VIH : virus de inmunodeficiencia humana  1, record 6, Spanish, - Red%20Canadiense%20de%20Ensayos%20sobre%20el%20VIH%20de%20los%20ICIS

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ICIS: Institutos Canadienses de Investigación sobre Salud  1, record 6, Spanish, - Red%20Canadiense%20de%20Ensayos%20sobre%20el%20VIH%20de%20los%20ICIS

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] Vaccine Initiative [is] a collaboration between the Government of Canada and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ... The initiative is intended to contribute to the global effort to develop safe, effective, affordable and globally accessible HIV vaccines.  3, record 7, English, - Canadian%20HIV%20Vaccine%20Initiative

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.  4, record 7, English, - Canadian%20HIV%20Vaccine%20Initiative

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Initiative canadienne de vaccin contre le VIH [virus de l'immunodéficience humaine] est le fruit d'une collaboration entre le gouvernement du Canada [...] et la Fondation Bill & Melinda Gates [...] Cette initiative représente le concours du Canada aux efforts mondiaux visant à élaborer un vaccin contre le VIH qui soit sécuritaire, efficace, abordable et accessible partout dans le monde.  3, record 7, French, - Initiative%20canadienne%20de%20vaccin%20contre%20le%20VIH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

VIH : virus de l'immunodéficience humaine.  4, record 7, French, - Initiative%20canadienne%20de%20vaccin%20contre%20le%20VIH

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

VIH : virus de inmunodeficiencia humana causante del sida.  2, record 7, Spanish, - Iniciativa%20Canadiense%20de%20Vacuna%20contra%20el%20VIH

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies.  2, record 8, English, - reservoir

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reservoir typically harbors the infectious agent without injury to itself and serves as a source from which other individuals can be infected. The infectious agent primarily depends on the reservoir for its survival.  3, record 8, English, - reservoir

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Potential reservoirs include humans, animals and the environment (for example, soil and water).  4, record 8, English, - reservoir

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Milieu où un agent infectieux vit, croît et se multiplie.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9servoir

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'homme ou l'animal peut être [le] réservoir sans être malade [...]  3, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9servoir

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les réservoirs potentiels comprennent les humains, les animaux et l'environnement (par exemple le sol et l'eau).  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9servoir

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reservorio [...] es el hábitat en el cual los microorganismos viven, crecen y se multiplican. Puede este reservorio ser animado (pacientes y personal de salud prioritariamente) o inanimado (ambiente, entorno del paciente en un establecimiento de salud).  3, record 8, Spanish, - reservorio

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] se da el nombre de reservorio a ciertas partes del organismo donde el VIH [virus de inmunodeficiencia humana] se mantiene en reserva, como ocurre con los nódulos linfáticos.  4, record 8, Spanish, - reservorio

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A carrier without past or present clinical manifestations of a disease.  2, record 9, English, - asymptomatic%20carrier

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The risk of infection is real when being near an asymptomatic carrier [of COVID-19] in a room for more than a few minutes, even if social distancing is observed. Sharing workplace rooms with [COVID-19] asymptomatic carriers is not advised.  3, record 9, English, - asymptomatic%20carrier

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne susceptible de transmettre une maladie alors qu'elle n'en présente pas les symptômes cliniques.  3, record 9, French, - porteur%20asymptomatique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Persona infectada […] que no manifiesta síntomas.  2, record 9, Spanish, - portador%20asintom%C3%A1tico

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En el caso del VIH [virus de inmunodeficiencia humana], un portador asintomático puede transmitir el virus.  2, record 9, Spanish, - portador%20asintom%C3%A1tico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An individual ... that can provide health care to any community member.  5, record 10, English, - health%20care%20provider

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Collectively, health care providers make up the health care workforce. Health care providers include medical personnel such as doctors, pharmacists or dentists, paramedical personnel such as nurses, paramedics, chiropractors, medical radiation technologists or social workers, and other health care workers who work in medical environments or provide in-house care.  5, record 10, English, - health%20care%20provider

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

health care provider: designation standardized by the Canadian Capability-Based Planning Terminology Committee and the Translation Bureau.  6, record 10, English, - health%20care%20provider

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne [...] qui peut prodiguer des soins de santé à n'importe quel membre d'une collectivité.  3, record 10, French, - fournisseur%20de%20soins%20de%20sant%C3%A9

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pris collectivement, les fournisseurs de soins de santé forment la main-d'œuvre en soins de santé. Il s'agit du personnel médical comme les médecins, les pharmaciens ou les dentistes, du personnel paramédical comme les infirmiers, les ambulanciers, les chiropraticiens, les technologues en radiation médicale, de même que les travailleurs sociaux et d'autres travailleurs de la santé qui fournissent des soins en milieu médical ou à domicile.  3, record 10, French, - fournisseur%20de%20soins%20de%20sant%C3%A9

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fournisseur de soins de santé; fournisseuse de soins de santé; prestateur de soins de santé; prestatrice de soins de santé : désignations normalisées par le Comité de terminologie de la planification axée sur les capacités au Canada et le Bureau de la traduction.  6, record 10, French, - fournisseur%20de%20soins%20de%20sant%C3%A9

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los proveedores de cuidados de salud debemos tener en mente que, al igual que los jóvenes, los adultos pueden estar en riesgo de contraer una infección por el VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana] y necesitan consejo y diagnóstico temprano.  1, record 10, Spanish, - proveedor%20de%20cuidados%20de%20salud

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A host cell-derived lipid bilayer surrounding the nucleocapsid of enveloped viruses.  4, record 11, English, - viral%20envelope

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The envelope typically displays viral genome-encoded transmembrane proteins.  4, record 11, English, - viral%20envelope

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Membrane entourant la nucléocapside de certains virus dits enveloppés [...]  3, record 11, French, - enveloppe%20virale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cubierta o capa externa del VIH con un diámetro de un diez milésimo de milímetro, que está compuesta de dos glucoproteínas, la gp120 y la gp41.  1, record 11, Spanish, - envoltura%20viral

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La gp120 es la porción de la cubierta del virus en forma de hongo, que se adhiere a la superficie proteica de la célula T4, también llamada CD4. Los tallos de estos hongos de gp120, están formados por glucoproteinas gp41 que están incrustadas en la envoltura viral.  1, record 11, Spanish, - envoltura%20viral

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A glycoproteinaceous subunit of the viral envelope of an enveloped virus that protrudes outwards.  3, record 12, English, - peplomer

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most external viral envelope proteins are glycoproteins, occurring as membrane-anchored peplomers ... or spikes, often assembled as dimers or trimers. These [spikes] can be seen in electron micrographs extending outward from the envelope of enveloped viruses ...  4, record 12, English, - peplomer

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sous-unité glycoprotéinique de l'enveloppe virale d'un virus enveloppé qui fait saillie à sa surface.  3, record 12, French, - p%C3%A9plom%C3%A8re

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proyección externa formada por dos glucoproteínas, la Gp 120 externa y la Gp 41 transmembranal, entre otras cosas, que le sirven al VIH para anclarse en el receptor CD4 de la célula T4 y penetrar a ella. Las células T4 tienen en su superficie externa un receptor llamado CD4, que coincide con la forma de la glucoproteína viral Gp-120 de la espícula, por lo que la unión se lleva a cabo fácilmente.  1, record 12, Spanish, - esp%C3%ADcula

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A living microorganism, like germs, that can cause human disease ...  4, record 13, English, - etiologic%20agent

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To identify the etiologic agent causing the pneumonia and to determine the drug sensitivity.  5, record 13, English, - etiologic%20agent

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Microorganisme vivant, comme un germe, pouvant provoquer une maladie chez l'humain […]  4, record 13, French, - agent%20%C3%A9tiologique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lo que causa una enfermedad [...]  1, record 13, Spanish, - agente%20causal

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En el caso del sida, es el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana(VIH) que pertenece a la familia de los retrovirus, subfamilia de los lentivirus.  1, record 13, Spanish, - agente%20causal

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a [beta]-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between the N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues of the mucopeptide found in the cell walls of many bacteria. This action weakens the covalent structure of the wall and reduces its resistance to osmotic swelling, as a result of which the cells burst.  3, record 14, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile³ - > Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis.  4, record 14, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The well-known human protein lysozyme, present in human tears is also present in the urine of pregnant women and may block HIV virus.  5, record 14, English, - lysozyme

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Also called muramidase or mucopeptide glycohydrolase.  6, record 14, English, - lysozyme

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme capable de détruire la paroi cellulaire de nombreuses bactéries (action bactériolytique). Il catalyse l'hydrolyse des mucopolysaccharides entrant dans la structure de cette paroi. C'est une protéine globulaire basique contenant 129 acides aminés, qui existe dans le blanc d'œuf, les larmes, la salive, et dans de nombreuses sécrétions.  3, record 14, French, - lysozyme

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'équipe du Professeur Hideaki Tanaka [...] a produit un lysozyme humain recombinant. La séquence signal du gène du lysozyme de poulet a été associée au gène du lysozyme humain, puis l'ADN hybride inséré dans le plasmide d'un Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cette levure recombinée produit alors 0,4 mg de lysozyme humain actif par litre de milieu de culture (63% de sa production protéique totale).  4, record 14, French, - lysozyme

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enzima de la saliva que en condiciones de laboratorio ha demostrado [tener cierta] capacidad para inactivar el VIH.  3, record 14, Spanish, - lisozima

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Follicular dendritic cells: Cells found in the germinal centers of lymphoid organs [lymph node follicles]. FDCs have threadlike tentacles that form a weblike network to trap invaders and present them to other cells of the immune system for destruction.  3, record 15, English, - follicular%20dendritic%20cell

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule dendritique des centres germinatifs des follicules lymphoïdes, qui porte en surface des récepteurs piégeant des complexes antigène-anticorps, et qui, même des années après, peut transmettre ces complexes à des lymphocytes B.  3, record 15, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le processus impliquant une cellule dendritique folliculaire, ce sont les lymphocytes B qui apprêtent l’antigène et le présentent aux lymphocytes T.  3, record 15, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cellule dendritique folliculaire; CDF; cellule folliculaire dendritique; CFD : termes, abréviations et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 1er octobre 2016.  4, record 15, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Células caracterizadas por sus largos tentáculos como ramas, llamadas dendritas. Son presentadoras de antígeno y entre ellas está la célula de Langerhans de la piel y las células foliculares en los ganglios linfáticos.  1, record 15, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20dendr%C3%ADtica%20folicular

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Las células dendríticas [viajan] a través del cuerpo y se unen a los antígenos, como el VIH, especialmente en tejidos externos como los de los intestinos, pulmones y el sistema reproductivo, desde donde llevan el antígeno a los nódulos linfáticos para estimular las células T e iniciar la respuesta inmune.  1, record 15, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20dendr%C3%ADtica%20folicular

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A [dendritic] cell found in the epidermis that functions as an antigen-presenting cell which binds antigen entering through the skin.  2, record 16, English, - Langerhans%20cell

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Langerhans cell: term often used in the plural ("Langerhans cells").  3, record 16, English, - Langerhans%20cell

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule dendritique présente dans l’épiderme et les épithéliums des muqueuses, qui, après capture d’un antigène et migration dans les ganglions lymphatiques où elle acquiert sa maturité, se transforme en cellule dendritique interdigitée.  1, record 16, French, - cellule%20de%20Langerhans

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cellule de Langerhans : terme souvent employé au pluriel («cellules de Langerhans»).  2, record 16, French, - cellule%20de%20Langerhans

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cellule de Langerhans : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 1er octobre 2016.  2, record 16, French, - cellule%20de%20Langerhans

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Célula dendrítica] miembro del sistema fagocítico mononuclear, presentadora de antígenos, que se encuentra en la piel y en las mucosas de la boca y la vagina entre otros, capaz de retener el VIH para transmitirlo a los linfocitos de la misma persona o contagiar a otras.  1, record 16, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20de%20Langerhans

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent passes to a host.  1, record 17, English, - source%20of%20infection

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agent qui transmet une maladie infectieuse directement à un hôte.  2, record 17, French, - source%20d%27infection

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On cherche à expliquer comment le VIH est transmis et surtout à mettre en œuvre une réflexion logique pour identifier le patient «zéro» (source d'infection).  1, record 17, French, - source%20d%27infection

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agente o lugar donde se encuentran microorganismos capaces de infectar al hombre.  1, record 17, Spanish, - fuente%20de%20infecci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El agua y los alimentos contaminados con heces que son fuentes de infección para las enfermedades gastrointestinales; algunas secreciones humanas que son fuentes de infección para el VIH.  1, record 17, Spanish, - fuente%20de%20infecci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Second International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights.  1, record 18, English, - Recommendations%20for%20Dissemination%20and%20Implementation%20of%20the%20Guidelines%20on%20HIV%2FAIDS%20and%20Human%20Rights

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Title reproduced from the document entitled "Human Rights: Names of International Bodies and Instruments and Other Titles = Droits de l'homme: noms d'organes et instruments internationaux et autres titres = Derechos Humanos: Nombres de Órganos e Instrumentos Internacionales y Otros Títulos" with the authorization of the United Nations Office in Geneva.  2, record 18, English, - Recommendations%20for%20Dissemination%20and%20Implementation%20of%20the%20Guidelines%20on%20HIV%2FAIDS%20and%20Human%20Rights

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproduit du lexique «Human Rights: Names of International Bodies and Instruments and Other Titles = Droits de l'homme : noms d'organes et instruments internationaux et autres titres = Derechos Humanos: Nombres de Órganos e Instrumentos Internacionales y Otros Títulos» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 18, French, - Recommandations%20relatives%20%C3%A0%20la%20diffusion%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20mise%20en%20%26oelig%3Buvre%20des%20directives%20concernant%20le%20VIH%2FSIDA%20et%20les%20droits%20de%20l%27homme

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Extraído de "Human Rights: Names of International Bodies and Instruments and Other Titles = Droits de l’homme : noms d’organes et instruments internationaux et autres titres = Derechos Humanos: Nombres de Órganos e Instrumentos Internacionales y Otros Títulos" con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 18, Spanish, - Recomendaciones%20para%20la%20difusi%C3%B3n%20y%20aplicaci%C3%B3n%20de%20las%20directrices%20sobre%20el%20VIH%2FSIDA%20y%20los%20derechos%20humanos

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Las siglas del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) se han incorporado al español como un nombre común, por lo cual se escriben en minúsculas.  3, record 18, Spanish, - Recomendaciones%20para%20la%20difusi%C3%B3n%20y%20aplicaci%C3%B3n%20de%20las%20directrices%20sobre%20el%20VIH%2FSIDA%20y%20los%20derechos%20humanos

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At the Millennium Summit in September 2000 the largest gathering of world leaders in history adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets, with a deadline of 2015, that have become known as the "Millennium Development Goals."  3, record 19, English, - Millennium%20Development%20Goals

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The eight "Millennium Development Goals" ("MDGs") – which range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest. The UN is also working with governments, civil society and other partners to build on the momentum generated by the "MDGs" and carry on with an ambitious post-2015 development agenda.  2, record 19, English, - Millennium%20Development%20Goals

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les huit «objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement» («OMD») forment un plan approuvé par tous les pays du monde et par toutes les grandes institutions mondiales de développement. Ils ont galvanisé des efforts sans précédent pour répondre aux besoins des plus pauvres dans le monde et arrivent à expiration à la fin 2015. Pour leur succéder, l'ONU a travaillé avec les gouvernements, la sociéte civile et les différents partenaires pour exploiter la dynamique dégagée par les «OMD» et élaborer un programme ambitieux pour l'après-2015 : Transformer notre monde : le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Il s'articule autour de 17 objectifs mondiaux pour le développement durable.  1, record 19, French, - objectifs%20du%20Mill%C3%A9naire%20pour%20le%20d%C3%A9veloppement

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los ocho "Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio", que abarcan desde la reducción a la mitad de la extrema pobreza, hasta la detención de la propagación del VIH/SIDA y la consecución de la enseñanza primaria universal para el 2015, constituyen un plan convenido por todas las naciones del mundo y todas las instituciones de desarrollo más importantes a nivel mundial. Los objetivos han reavivado esfuerzos sin precedentes para ayudar a los más pobres del mundo.  1, record 19, Spanish, - Objetivos%20de%20Desarrollo%20del%20Milenio

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance which stops or suppresses the activity of a retrovirus like HIV.  5, record 20, English, - antiretroviral

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Médicament destiné à agir sur les virus à ARN (antirétrovirus), tels que le VIH, en inhibant leur transcriptase inverse.  5, record 20, French, - antir%C3%A9troviral

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

anti-rétroviral : terme retenu par le réseau Entraide Traduction Santé.  5, record 20, French, - antir%C3%A9troviral

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fármaco que se emplea para destruir o evitar la replicación de los retrovirus, tales con el VIH causante del sida.  3, record 20, Spanish, - antirretroviral

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el término antirretroviral, formado por el prefijo anti- y el adjetivo retroviral, se escribe con el prefijo unido a la palabra y duplicación de la erre, no anti-retroviral ni anti retroviral o antiretroviral.  4, record 20, Spanish, - antirretroviral

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).  3, record 21, English, - human%20immunodeficiency%20virus

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus responsable du sida.  3, record 21, French, - virus%20de%20l%27immunod%C3%A9ficience%20humaine

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agente infeccioso determinante del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA).  3, record 21, Spanish, - virus%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20humana

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El VIH pertenece a la familia de los retrovirus, lo cual significa que es capaz de invertir la dirección de la información que normalmente fluye del ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] al ARN [ácido ribonucleico], pero que en este caso lo hace en sentido inverso gracias a la transcriptasa inversa, introduciendo de esta manera su código genético y por medio de la integrasa lo "integra" al código de la célula CD4 [linfocito cooperador inductivo] infectada, lo que permite que ésta en lugar de multiplicarse, [produzca] nuevos virus llamados "viriones".  4, record 21, Spanish, - virus%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20humana

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La Fundación del Español Urgente(Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que sida no es lo mismo que VIH, pues sida es el nombre de la enfermedad, mientras que la sigla VIH(virus de inmunodeficiencia humana) designa al virus que la causa : se puede ser portador del virus y no padecer nunca la enfermedad.  5, record 21, Spanish, - virus%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20humana

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An epidemic, transmissible retroviral disease due to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), manifested in severe cases as profound depression of cell-mediated immunity ...  5, record 22, English, - acquired%20immunodeficiency%20syndrome

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) est le virus qui cause le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (sida). Le VIH attaque le système immunitaire, causant ainsi une maladie chronique progressive, rendant les gens atteints vulnérables aux infections opportunistes et aux cancers.  2, record 22, French, - syndrome%20d%27immunod%C3%A9ficience%20acquise

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au début, l'acronyme «sida» était écrit en majuscules. Aujourd'hui, il est généralement utilisé comme substantif, et s'écrit donc en minuscules.  3, record 22, French, - syndrome%20d%27immunod%C3%A9ficience%20acquise

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «syndrome d'immunodéficience acquis» est à éviter. Selon la définition du CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), c'est l'immunodéficience qui est acquise et non le syndrome.  3, record 22, French, - syndrome%20d%27immunod%C3%A9ficience%20acquise

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad causada por el VIH [virus de inmunodeficiencia humana], virus que destruye los linfocitos denominados T4 [timodependientes 4] o células helper(células que protegen al organismo de infecciones y de algunos tipos de cáncer).  2, record 22, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20adquirida

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Cuando se hace referencia al sida], se habla de un conjunto de síndromes, como el síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria, síndrome de mala absorción intestinal, síndrome meníngeo y otros más, habitualmente con predominio de uno de ellos. "Inmunodeficiencia" significa que el sistema inmunitario está disminuido y no es capaz de defender eficazmente al organismo contra el ataque de microorganismos y "adquirida" significa que no se transmite por herencia, no es congénita y tampoco aparece por el envejecimiento, sino que se obtiene por alguna de las tres formas de transmisión que son vía sanguínea, sexual y perinatal.  2, record 22, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20adquirida

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sida: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que la palabra "sida", que procede de la sigla SIDA (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida), está lexicalizada (como láser u ovni) y se escribe con minúscula por ser el nombre común de una enfermedad, como gripe o diabetes.  3, record 22, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20inmunodeficiencia%20adquirida

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The microfluidic biochip, which is formed by an etched bottom plate and a top cover plate, includes the fluid delivery manifold, observation and reaction chambers, mixing zones and detection region.  2, record 23, English, - lab%2Don%2Da%2Dchip

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lab-on-a-chip devices (also known as micro-total-analytical systems or microTAS) are devices designed to miniaturize analytical or bioanalytical techniques and integrate them into a microfabricated format. Techniques such as chemical separations (electrophoresis, chromatography, etc.) or immunoassays are incorporated into microfabricated systems (typically glass, silicon or polymers) with a goal of increasing performance, minimizing reagent requirements, and decreasing cost. BioMEMS devices are similar, typically focusing on MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) with biological applications.  1, record 23, English, - lab%2Don%2Da%2Dchip

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un laboratoire sur puce (LOC) est un système microfluidique qui permet à d'infimes volumes de liquides ou de gaz d'être pompés dans un canal pour des essais rapides et faciles. On peut dans ces laboratoires miniatures accomplir des tâches telles que des analyse de l'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] ou la séparation de cellules sanguines humaines.  3, record 23, French, - laboratoire%2Dsur%2Dpuce

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le concept de «laboratoire-sur-puce» a émergé dans les années 1990 et il implique l'intégration sur un petit substrat de véritables systèmes d'analyses chimique ou biologique très performants. Les éléments micro-fluidiques assurent la préparation (circuit de mixage, chambre de réaction éventuelle) et le transfert de la solution à analyser. L'analyse --elle-même-- peut être effectuée grâce à la séparation des molécules dans un canal microfluidique par chromatographie ou électrophorèse. Par exemple, une des applications déjà clairement démontrée est la séparation et l'identification des fragments d'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] par électrophorèse. Les laboratoires-sur-puce peuvent être réalisés sur substrat de verre ou de silicium en utilisant les techniques de la microélectronique, telles que la photo-lithographie et la gravure sèche ou humide. Les dimensions des canaux micro-fluidiques peuvent être de l'ordre de 50-100 µm de largeur, 2-10 µm de profondeur et de 10-20 mm de longueur.  1, record 23, French, - laboratoire%2Dsur%2Dpuce

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un laboratorio en un chip. [...] Imaginemos que todo un laboratorio químico, con sus cubetas, cuentagotas, reactivos y mecheros, cupiera en un diminuto circuito integrado pendiente de un llavero. [...] Estos laboratorios integrados en chips se utilizarían en los lugares donde hacen más falta--países en vías de desarrollo, guerras, domicilios--para la rápida detección del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana], del ántrax o de colibacilos(Escherichia coli).  1, record 23, Spanish, - laboratorio%20en%20un%20chip

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before or after birth.  2, record 24, English, - perinatal

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth.  2, record 24, English, - perinatal

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui survient pendant la période périnatale.  1, record 24, French, - p%C3%A9rinatal

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lo que está alrededor del nacimiento, como el embarazo, el parto y la lactancia.  1, record 24, Spanish, - perinatal

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hablando de la transmisión perinatal del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana], cuando se dice que un bebé nace con la infección, en realidad lo que ocurre es que se han detectado anticuerpos al VIH en su sangre [...]  1, record 24, Spanish, - perinatal

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any circumstance indicating that an intervention would be inappropriate.  2, record 25, English, - contraindication

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contraindication: term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  3, record 25, English, - contraindication

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute circonstance qui s'oppose à l'application d'une intervention.  2, record 25, French, - contre%2Dindication

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contre-indication : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  3, record 25, French, - contre%2Dindication

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aclaración de los casos en que no debe emplearse un medicamento porque puede ser dañino.  2, record 25, Spanish, - contraindicaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En mujeres embarazadas está contraindicado el uso de talidomida porque produce malformaciones del producto; en el caso del VIH/sida está contraindicado el uso combinado de ddI y ddC porque ambos inducen a la pancreatitis y se suma su toxicidad.  2, record 25, Spanish, - contraindicaci%C3%B3n

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A site-specific recombinase system responsible for the integration of a prophage into a bacterial chromosome. It is a phage gene product and mediates reciprocal recombination at a site on the phage genome.  1, record 26, English, - integrase

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme produite par un gène spécifique d'un prophage pour intégrer celui-ci dans le chromosome bactérien.  2, record 26, French, - int%C3%A9grase

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzima, es decir, proteína del VIH, que le sirve para integrar el ADN viral al ADN de la célula CD4 parasitada.  1, record 26, Spanish, - integrasa

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A protease inhibitor, anti-HIV drug which disables the protease enzyme that enables HIV to replicate.  5, record 27, English, - indinavir%20sulfate

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

MK-639 is the experimental code or code name assigned by the manufacturer.  6, record 27, English, - indinavir%20sulfate

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agent inhibiteur de la réplication du VIH ayant la propriété de bloquer soit la copie du matériel génétique du VIH soit la synthèse de la protéine-enveloppe.  5, record 27, French, - sulfate%20d%27indinavir

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

MK-639 est le code d'expérimentation attribué par le fabricant.  6, record 27, French, - sulfate%20d%27indinavir

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El sulfato de indinavir es el principio activo del Crixivan, inhibidor de proteasa, que [...] parece que puede reducir la carga viral hasta en 99. 9% en combinación con AZT y 3TC en la gran mayoría de pacientes. [Esta reducción] permite que las células CD4 se recuperen [notablemente], aumentando la sobrevida y la calidad de vida de las personas que viven con VIH.  1, record 27, Spanish, - sulfato%20de%20indinavir

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The incorporation of one DNA segment into another as in, (a) the incorporation of donor DNA into recipient DNA in genetic recombination, (b) the incorporation of episomal DNA into chromosomal DNA, and (c) the insertion of prophage DNA into the host bacterial DNA.  2, record 28, English, - integration

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus de recombinaison qui insère une petite molécule d'ADN dans une plus grande. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  3, record 28, French, - int%C3%A9gration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il peut s'agir, soit de la substitution par recombinaison d'un segment d'un exogénote au segment homologue de l'endogénote et l'intégration est alors la dernière étape d'un processus parasexuée, soit de l'acquisition d'un élément extachromosomique, plasmide ou épisome, soit de l'insertion d'un prophage dans le chromosome bactérien.  2, record 28, French, - int%C3%A9gration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

intégration : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  4, record 28, French, - int%C3%A9gration

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unificación de varios elementos para constituir otro.  2, record 28, Spanish, - integraci%C3%B3n

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En el caso del VIH es el proceso mediante el cual el [ARN] del virus transformado en [ADN] viral penetra al núcleo celular, para ser integrado al [ADN] de la célula con la intervención de la integrasa, una proteína del VIH; una vez que ocurre esta integración, el [ADN] ahora llamado Proviral, se duplica cada vez que la célula se divide.  2, record 28, Spanish, - integraci%C3%B3n

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Parece ser que el [ADN] viral también se puede integrar en las células que no se dividen, como macrófagas, células cerebrales y nerviosas.  2, record 28, Spanish, - integraci%C3%B3n

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The transmission of a disease by direct contact with a person who has the disease or by indirect contact.  2, record 29, English, - contagion

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transmission d'une maladie, par contact direct ou indirect, d'une personne malade à une personne saine.  2, record 29, French, - contagion

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Utilizar contagio únicamente para aquellas infecciones que se pueden adquirir por contacto o por proximidad con la persona infectada(gripe, tuberculosis, etc.) y transmisión para aquellas enfermedades que se transmiten por vías específicas(VIH, hepatitis C, sífilis, gonorrea, etc.).  2, record 29, Spanish, - contagio

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thymidine analog that suppresses replication of HIV. It is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of HIV infection. Adverse side effects may include anemia, leukopenia, muscle fatigue, muscle wasting, nausea and headaches.  6, record 30, English, - zidovudine

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Premier antirétroviral utilisé pour lutter contre l'infection à VIH, a été pendant longtemps le premier traitement proposé, distribué par Glaxo-Wellcome sous le nom commercial de Retrovir(R).  5, record 30, French, - 3%27%2Dazido%2D3%27%2Ddid%C3%A9oxythyamine

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon Santé et Bien-être social Canada, le terme «azidothymidine» a été changé pour «zidovudine».  6, record 30, French, - 3%27%2Dazido%2D3%27%2Ddid%C3%A9oxythyamine

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fármaco inhibidor de la transcriptasa inversa del VIH que se emplea para destruir o evitar la replicación de retrovirus.  1, record 30, Spanish, - zidovudina

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gene of HIV that influences viral replication.  2, record 31, English, - nef%20gene

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Three HIV regulatory genes--tat, rev, and nef--and three so-called auxiliary genes--vif, vpr, and vpu--contain information necessary for the production of proteins that control the virus's ability to infect a cell, produce new copies of the virus or cause disease.  3, record 31, English, - nef%20gene

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The vif (sor) and nef (3'orf) genes respectively encode and effect virus replication by increasing (vif) or decreasing (nef) virus production.  2, record 31, English, - nef%20gene

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 3 OBS

nef: negative factor.  2, record 31, English, - nef%20gene

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le VIH-1 présente des gènes régulateurs. L'un d'eux, le gène F, aussi appelé 3'orf (pour open reading frame) et actuellement nef de l'anglais negative regulatory factor ou facteur de régulation négative est situé entre le gène env et la LTR [Long Terminal Repeat] de droite.  3, record 31, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20nef

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gen que parece ser parte del sistema regulatorio del VIH, que lo hace ser más agresivo.  1, record 31, Spanish, - gen%20nef

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los otros genes regulatorios del virus son el tat y el rev. Además existen otros tres genes virales auxiliares(vif, vpr, vpu) que contienen información pora la producción de proteínas que controlan la habilidad del VIH para infectar una célula, replicarse o causar enfermedad.  1, record 31, Spanish, - gen%20nef

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of HIV protein encoding regions whose function is presently unknown.  3, record 32, English, - vpr%20gene

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vpr: R (function unknown).  1, record 32, English, - vpr%20gene

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Vpr stands for viral protein R.  3, record 32, English, - vpr%20gene

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Très récemment, deux nouveaux gènes ont été individualisés, les gènes vpr et vpu, qui sont activés au cours de l'infection [par le VIH].  3, record 32, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20vpr

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Uno de los tres genes auxiliares del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana].  1, record 32, Spanish, - gen%20vpr

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A glycoprotein from HIV's envelope that binds to the CD4 molecules on cells' outside membrane.  2, record 33, English, - glycoprotein%20120

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

gp160, code for a glycoprotein that provides an outer coat for the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The outer coat, in turn, is composed of gp120, which protrudes from the virus surface, and gp41, which is embedded in the envelope coat.  2, record 33, English, - glycoprotein%20120

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Free gp120 in the body may be toxic to cells on its own, causing CD4 cell depletion in the immune system through apoptosis and neurological damage leading to AIDS dementia complex.  2, record 33, English, - glycoprotein%20120

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le VIH est constitué d'un noyau central contenant le génome viral et des enzymes dont la principale est la transcriptase inverse; ce noyau est entouré d'une membrane lipidique externe exhibant plusieurs projections [spikes] contenant un antigène, la glycoprotéine 120, qui favorise l'adhésion du virus à la surface de la cellule exprimant le récepteur CD4.  3, record 33, French, - glycoprot%C3%A9ine%20120

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glucoproteína que se encuentra en las espículas del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana] que le sirven para adherirse al receptor CD4 de la célula T4.  1, record 33, Spanish, - glucoprote%C3%ADna%20120

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gp-120 circula libremente en el organismo y como partícula independiente puede por sí misma ser tóxica para las células, causando la depleción del sistema inmune a través de la apoptosis y el daño neurológico que puede conducir al complejo de demencia por sida.  1, record 33, Spanish, - glucoprote%C3%ADna%20120

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comprised of representatives of WHO [World Health Organization]/ASD, WHO [World Health Organization]/EMC and UNAIDS [Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS]; will coordinate and guide all efforts in this area.  1, record 34, English, - UNAIDS%2FWHO%20Technical%20Working%20Group%20on%20Global%20HIV%2FAIDS%20and%20STD%20Surveillance

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Receptiveness to stimuli received through observation and awareness of others.  3, record 35, English, - responsiveness

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The characteristic symptoms [of post-traumatic stress disorder] involve reexperiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event or numbing of general responsiveness, and increased arousal.  1, record 35, English, - responsiveness

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les symptômes caractéristiques [de l'état de stress post-traumatique] comportent la reviviscence de l'événement traumatique, l'évitement des stimuli associés à l'événement, un émoussement de la réactivité générale, et une hyperactivité neurovégétative.  1, record 35, French, - r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacidad de sentir.  2, record 35, Spanish, - sensibilidad

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las personas con VIH/sida suelen tener una gran sensibilidad emotiva [...]  2, record 35, Spanish, - sensibilidad

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of a number of serious illnesses that occurs in HIV-positive individuals, the presence of which constitutes an AIDS diagnosis according to the CDC. These illnesses include, but are not limited to, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, AIDS dementia complex, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Cytomegalovirus retinitis.  1, record 36, English, - AIDS%2Ddefining%20illness

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'apparition de n'importe laquelle des vingt-cinq infections opportunistes différentes, appelées maladies définissant le sida, permet le diagnostic clinique du sida chez les individus séropositifs.  1, record 36, French, - maladie%20d%C3%A9finissant%20le%20sida

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los Centros de Control de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos(Centers of Disease Control en inglés), indican que una persona tiene sida cuando está infectada por el VIH y ha desarrollado una o más de las enfermedades oportunistas que ponen en peligro su vida, cuando tiene menos de 200 células CD4, o cuando tiene cáncer cérvico-uterino, tuberculosis pulmonar o neumonía bacteriana [persistente].  1, record 36, Spanish, - enfermedad%20determinante%20del%20sida

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

De acuerdo con los Centros de Control de Enfermedades [...] las enfermedades que conllevan un diagnóstico de sida son la neumonía por Pheumocystis carinii, el complejo Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, el complejo de demencia por sida, síndrome de desgaste, sarcoma de Kaposi y retinitis por citomegalovirus.  1, record 36, Spanish, - enfermedad%20determinante%20del%20sida

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Burkitt's lymphoma. A form of undifferentiated malignant lymphoma usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. ... The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.  1, record 37, English, - Burkitt%20lymphoma

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est en 1964 que Epstein, Achong et Barr découvrent un nouveau virus (EBV) appartenant à la famille des Herpes viridae putativement impliqué dans la genèse du lymphome décrit peu avant par Burkitt. [On] peut citer l'Afrique Centrale pour le lymphome de Burkitt et l'Asie du Sud-Est pour le carcinome du nasopharynx.  1, record 37, French, - lymphome%20de%20Burkitt

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumor canceroso del tejido linfoide. Esta enfermedad común en África se asocia al virus de Epstein Barr y puede ser una neoplasia oportunista en las personas infectadas con el VIH.  1, record 37, Spanish, - linfoma%20de%20Burkitt

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] scientists have undertaken landmark studies in this area [HIV pathogenesis], resulting in findings such as the discovery of lymphoid tissue as a major reservoir for HIV, and the demonstration that so-called clinical latency is, in fact, a period of active viral replication.  1, record 38, English, - clinic%20latency

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le SIDA correspond actuellement à une définition clinique : survenue d'une maladie évoquant une atteinte de l'immunité cellulaire chez une personne infectée par le VIH. Il s'agit de la phase grave et tardive de l'infection à VIH succédant à une période de latence clinique plus ou moins longue séparant la date de l'infestation initiale et la date de SIDA.  1, record 38, French, - latence%20clinique

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Período en que un virus, una bacteria u otro microorganismo vive o se desarrolla en el cuerpo sin [manifestar] ningún síntoma .  1, record 38, Spanish, - latencia%20cl%C3%ADnica

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El período en que una persona infectada por el VIH no presenta señales de enfermedad [aunque] en la etapa temprana, el VIH tiene una intensa actividad dentro de los órganos linfoides donde quedan atrapadas grandes cantidades de virus en la red de las células dendríticas foliculares.  1, record 38, Spanish, - latencia%20cl%C3%ADnica

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gene of HIV that plays a role in viral replication by regulating the transcription of viral DNA into RNA; also the protein produced by that gene.  1, record 39, English, - transactivator%20of%20transcription

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"tat" is gene of HIV. This gene produces the Tat protein, which greatly assists HIV replication and is probably essential for HIV infection. ...  2, record 39, English, - transactivator%20of%20transcription

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "Tat" is capitalized when referring to the protein, and not capitalized when referring to the gene which codes for that protein.  2, record 39, English, - transactivator%20of%20transcription

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En plus des gènes rétroviraux classiques «gag» (group antigen), «pol» (polymérase) et «env» (enveloppe), les virus VIH ont une dizaine de gènes supplémentaires dont les fonctions font l'objet de recherches, notamment : - les gènes régulateurs «tat» (transactivateur) et «rev» (régulateur de l'expression des virions autrefois appelé «art» ou «trs»)  2, record 39, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20transactivateur

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tat (transactivateur de transcription) : Le t de Tat prend la majuscule quand il désigne la protéine et une minuscule quand il désigne le gène.  3, record 39, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20transactivateur

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gen que forma parte del VIH y que le es necesario para la replicación. La proteína viral tat [participa] en la reactivación de otros virus latentes en personas con sida, como el Papovavirus causante de la leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva [...]  1, record 39, Spanish, - gen%20tat

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A copious discharge of mucus, particularly from the urethra. This usually accompanies urethritis and sometimes occurs with acute prostatitis.  1, record 40, English, - blennorrhagia