TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
CROUTE PAIN [23 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2023-11-16
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- crusty bread
1, record 1, English, crusty%20bread
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
crusty: Said of a loaf or slice of bread having a crisp or thick brown outer portion or surface. 2, record 1, English, - crusty%20bread
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- pain croûté
1, record 1, French, pain%20cro%C3%BBt%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[Pain] de forme allongée, à la croûte épaisse, croustillante et à la mie tendre. 1, record 1, French, - pain%20cro%C3%BBt%C3%A9
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2018-03-09
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- panettone
1, record 2, English, panettone
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- panettone bread 2, record 2, English, panettone%20bread
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In general, Italian breads are characterized by a rather thick and dry crust. ... Pannetone is a very rich festival bread containing high amounts of fat, egg and fruit. Panettone has a characteristic yellow crumb, soft silky texture and extremely long shelf life. This dough is given a long slow fermentation and is made up into dome shaped loaves (cupola) following the addition of fruits and flavours. 1, record 2, English, - panettone
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- panettone
1, record 2, French, panettone
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En général, les pains italiens se caractérisent par une croûte plutôt épaisse et sèche. [...] Le «panettone» est un pain de fête très riche en matières grasses, en œufs et en fruits. Ce pain a une mie de couleur jaune caractéristique, une texture douce et soyeuse et sa durée de conservation est exceptionnelle. La pâte est soumise à une longue fermentation lente et on lui donne ensuite une forme de dôme(«cupola») après y avoir ajouté des fruits et des essences. 1, record 2, French, - panettone
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2014-11-18
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- crust color 1, record 3, English, crust%20color
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Hydrolysis by lactase to glucose and galactose would make the glucose available for fermentation and the galactose would still contribute to the formation of crust color. 1, record 3, English, - crust%20color
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- coloration de la croûte
1, record 3, French, coloration%20de%20la%20cro%C3%BBte
feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Le sel] freine légèrement mais régularise la fermentation. Il favorise la coloration de la croûte. Il intervient dans la conservation [...] Il améliore [...] fort sensiblement la saveur du pain. 1, record 3, French, - coloration%20de%20la%20cro%C3%BBte
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2011-10-13
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- batch bread
1, record 4, English, batch%20bread
correct, Europe
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- batch-bread 2, record 4, English, batch%2Dbread
Europe
- English loaf 3, record 4, English, English%20loaf
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- pain de mie
1, record 4, French, pain%20de%20mie
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pain cuit au moule, de sorte qu'il ne se forme que très peu de croûte, contenant éventuellement des additifs tels que matière grasse, sucre, poudre de lait. 2, record 4, French, - pain%20de%20mie
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Panificación
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- pan de molde
1, record 4, Spanish, pan%20de%20molde
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
- pan inglés 1, record 4, Spanish, pan%20ingl%C3%A9s
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2011-05-26
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- milk bread
1, record 5, English, milk%20bread
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bread containing not less than 6 percent whole milk solids. 2, record 5, English, - milk%20bread
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- pain au lait
1, record 5, French, pain%20au%20lait
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Petit pain allongé à croûte lisse, fait de pâte briochée au lait. 2, record 5, French, - pain%20au%20lait
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Il arrive couramment qu’on donne [aux pains au lait] soit la forme de petit pain rond, soit la forme de petit pain long (navette). 3, record 5, French, - pain%20au%20lait
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Panificación
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- pan de leche
1, record 5, Spanish, pan%20de%20leche
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
- pan de salud 2, record 5, Spanish, pan%20de%20salud
correct, masculine noun, Argentina, familiar
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Pan de leche [...], igual que pan de salud, [es una] factura [bollo de panadería] elaborada con harina, azúcar, leche y huevo [...] y horneada. 2, record 5, Spanish, - pan%20de%20leche
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Pan de leche integral. 3, record 5, Spanish, - pan%20de%20leche
Record 6 - internal organization data 2011-01-06
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Vulcanology and Seismology
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- bread-crust bomb
1, record 6, English, bread%2Dcrust%20bomb
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- breadcrust bomb 2, record 6, English, breadcrust%20bomb
correct
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A volcanic bomb with a checkered and cracked exterior resulting from expansion of the interior after solidification of the crust. 2, record 6, English, - bread%2Dcrust%20bomb
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
bread-crust bomb: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector. 3, record 6, English, - bread%2Dcrust%20bomb
Record 6, Key term(s)
- bread crust bomb
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Volcanologie et sismologie
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- bombe en croûte de pain
1, record 6, French, bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bombe volcanique de forme ellipsoïdale obtenue par refroidissement de la lave, et dont la surface craquelée évoque la croûte des miches de pain cuites à la mode d’antan. 2, record 6, French, - bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
D'autres [bombes], globuleuses, ont leur surface craquelée par suite d’inégalités de retrait au cours du refroidissement : ce sont les bombes en croûte de pain. 3, record 6, French, - bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Du panache retombe une pluie de cendres et des bombes qui ont un aspect craquelé (bombes en croûtes de pain). 4, record 6, French, - bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
bombe en croûte de pain : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada-Secteur des sciences de la Terre. 2, record 6, French, - bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Bombe volcanique en croûte de pain. 2, record 6, French, - bombe%20en%20cro%C3%BBte%20de%20pain
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Vulcanología y sismología
Record 6, Main entry term, Spanish
- bomba en corteza de pan
1, record 6, Spanish, bomba%20en%20corteza%20de%20pan
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 6, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bomba volcánica de superficie resquebrajada, procedente de fragmentos de lava viscosa. 1, record 6, Spanish, - bomba%20en%20corteza%20de%20pan
Record 7 - internal organization data 2010-06-18
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- caramelization
1, record 7, English, caramelization
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- caramelisation 2, record 7, English, caramelisation
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Caramelization involves the conversion of sugar into color substances by an initial hydrolysis into monosaccharides, followed by polymerization under the influence of heat. Part of the over-all caramelization phenomenon in the bread crust no doubt also includes the transformation of starch into brown-colored pyrodextrins. 1, record 7, English, - caramelization
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- caramélisation
1, record 7, French, caram%C3%A9lisation
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Au bout de 45 minutes environ la cuisson [du pain] est terminée : une croûte dorée et sapide s’est formée, due à la caramélisation d’une partie du glucose résultant des transformations de l'amidon et de la dextrine. 1, record 7, French, - caram%C3%A9lisation
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
caraméliser: Réduire le sucre en caramel par l’action du feu. 2, record 7, French, - caram%C3%A9lisation
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Panificación
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- caramelización
1, record 7, Spanish, caramelizaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2009-10-07
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Breadmaking
- Food Industries
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- baking
1, record 8, English, baking
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- oven baking 2, record 8, English, oven%20baking
correct
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Baking. As the dough pieces reach full proof, they are passed to the oven, where a rapid succession of changes takes place. The heat of the oven very gradually penetrates to the centre of the dough; in consequence, rapid changes occur at varying times throughout the baking period as the temperature increases in each part of the loaf. 3, record 8, English, - baking
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Boulangerie
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- cuisson
1, record 8, French, cuisson
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- cuisson au four 2, record 8, French, cuisson%20au%20four
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La cuisson au four constitue l'étape finale de la transformation de la farine en pain. Une croûte se forme autour de la partie interne alvéolée qui devient la mie. 1, record 8, French, - cuisson
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Panificación
- Industria alimentaria
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- horneado
1, record 8, Spanish, horneado
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
- cocción al horno 2, record 8, Spanish, cocci%C3%B3n%20al%20horno
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cocción que se efectúa en un ambiente cerrado por medio de aire caliente. 3, record 8, Spanish, - horneado
Record 9 - internal organization data 2007-04-16
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Recipes
- Breadmaking
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- English muffin
1, record 9, English, English%20muffin
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
- muffin 2, record 9, English, muffin
correct
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A rather flat muffin made from yeast dough, typically baked on a griddle, and then split and toasted before being eaten. 2, record 9, English, - English%20muffin
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Recettes de cuisine
- Boulangerie
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- muffin anglais
1, record 9, French, muffin%20anglais
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
- muffin 2, record 9, French, muffin
correct, masculine noun, France
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Petit pain rond, moulé, à croûte pâle. 1, record 9, French, - muffin%20anglais
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Recetas de cocina
- Panificación
Record 9, Main entry term, Spanish
- muffin inglés
1, record 9, Spanish, muffin%20ingl%C3%A9s
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 9, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2003-09-26
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Vulcanology and Seismology
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- volcanic bomb
1, record 10, English, volcanic%20bomb
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- bomb 2, record 10, English, bomb
correct
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pyroclastic ejecta; the lava fragments, liquid or plastic at the time of ejection, acquire rounded forms, markings, or internal structure during flight or upon landing. 3, record 10, English, - volcanic%20bomb
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Volcanologie et sismologie
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- bombe volcanique
1, record 10, French, bombe%20volcanique
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
- bombe 2, record 10, French, bombe
feminine noun
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Blocs et bombes. Il s’agit de projections de taille variable, mais par définition supérieure à 32 mm. Les blocs sont anguleux, projetés à l'état solide. Les bombes au contraire ont été projetées à l'état pâteux, la pâte enrobant parfois un noyau solide. Leur forme est assez variable : certaines sont fusiformes, ayant pris cet aspect par tournoiement en l'air, alors que la lave était encore pâteuse. D'autres, globuleuses, ont leur surface craquelée par suite d’inégalités de retrait au cours du refroidissement : ce sont les bombes en croûte de pain. D'autres enfin s’aplatissent à l'arrivée au sol(bombes en bouse de vache)(fig. 25). 2, record 10, French, - bombe%20volcanique
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Vulcanología y sismología
Record 10, Main entry term, Spanish
- bomba volcánica
1, record 10, Spanish, bomba%20volc%C3%A1nica
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 10, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bloque de lava redondeado proyectado en las erupciones volcánicas. 1, record 10, Spanish, - bomba%20volc%C3%A1nica
Record 11 - internal organization data 2003-03-31
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Pastries
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- scone
1, record 11, English, scone
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
- scon 2, record 11, English, scon
correct
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A quick bread made of oatmeal or barley flour, rolled into a round shape, cut into quarters, and baked on a griddle. 2, record 11, English, - scone
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Pâtisserie
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- scone
1, record 11, French, scone
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Petit pain rond de pâte levée, d’origine écossaise. Mou et blanc à l'intérieur, avec une croûte très brune, il se mange au [petit déjeuner] ou pour le thé. 2, record 11, French, - scone
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2002-02-07
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Milling and Cereal Industries
- Breadmaking
- Biochemistry
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- maltose value
1, record 12, English, maltose%20value
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An index of diastatic activity of flour measured as the number of milligrams of maltose produced from 10 grams of flour under standardized conditions. 1, record 12, English, - maltose%20value
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Minoterie et céréales
- Boulangerie
- Biochimie
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- indice de maltose
1, record 12, French, indice%20de%20maltose
correct, masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'indice de maltose d’une farine de blé donne une indication de sa valeur boulangère. Les pâtes obtenues de farine à faible indice de maltose ne contiennent pas assez de sucres fermentescibles et produisent peu de gaz pendant la fermentation. Le pain obtenu risque d’avoir un volume insuffisant, une mie de texture médiocre et une croûte pâle [...]. 1, record 12, French, - indice%20de%20maltose
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2001-08-27
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Grain Growing
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- cream bread
1, record 13, English, cream%20bread
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Two basic bread products account for most of the wheat consumed in the Philippines. Pan de sal is a small roll product very popular as part of the breakfast meal: cream bread is a square sandwich bread popular for sandwiches and other meals. Both types of bread are characterized by the fine crumb structure and smooth close-grained texture of the crust which results from high sugar/fat formulas and the use of a dough brake. 1, record 13, English, - cream%20bread
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Culture des céréales
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- pain à la crème
1, record 13, French, pain%20%C3%A0%20la%20cr%C3%A8me
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La majeure partie du blé consommé aux Philippines l'est sous la forme de deux pains principaux. Le pan de sal est un petit pain très populaire que l'on mange au petit déjeuner. Le pain à la crème est un pain carré servant à la préparation de sandwiches et à d’autres repas. Les deux types de pain se caractérisent par une mie fine et une croûte lisse à alvéolage serré, découlant de l'emploi de formules riches en sucre et en matières grasses et de l'utilisation d’un cylindre laminoir. 1, record 13, French, - pain%20%C3%A0%20la%20cr%C3%A8me
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2001-08-27
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Grain Growing
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- pan de sal
1, record 14, English, pan%20de%20sal
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Two basic bread products account for most of the wheat consumed in the Philippines. Pan de sal is a small roll product very popular as part of the breakfast meal: cream bread is a square sandwich bread popular for sandwiches and other meals. Both types of bread are characterized by the fine crumb structure and smooth close-grained texture of the crust which results from high sugar/fat formulas and the use of a dough brake. 1, record 14, English, - pan%20de%20sal
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Culture des céréales
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- pan de sal
1, record 14, French, pan%20de%20sal
correct, masculine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La majeure partie du blé consommé aux Philippines l'est sous la forme de deux pains principaux. Le pan de sal est un petit pain très populaire que l'on mange au petit déjeuner. Le pain à la crème est un pain carré servant à la préparation de sandwiches et à d’autres repas. Les deux types de pain se caractérisent par une mie fine et une croûte lisse à alvéolage serré, découlant de l'emploi de formules riches en sucre et en matières grasses et de l'utilisation d’un cylindre laminoir. 1, record 14, French, - pan%20de%20sal
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2001-08-27
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- sunny bread
1, record 15, English, sunny%20bread
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... sunny bread which, as the name implies, is given its second period of proof exposed to the extremely hot sun. This exposure to the intense heat of the sun produces a characteristic crust and flavour that is preferred by many Sudanese, especially the older generation. 1, record 15, English, - sunny%20bread
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- pain au soleil
1, record 15, French, pain%20au%20soleil
correct, masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[...] Comme son nom l'indique, c'est au soleil brûlant du pays que se fait le deuxième apprêt. Le pain ainsi obtenu a une croûte et une saveur caractéristiques que préfèrent de nombreux Soudanais, notamment les personnes âgées. 1, record 15, French, - pain%20au%20soleil
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 2001-08-27
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Grain Growing
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- Hardo bread
1, record 16, English, Hardo%20bread
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The traditional wheat bread of Jamaica, hardo, is a very compact heavy bread with an extremely fine and close grain. Hardo bread still remains very popular with consumers despite the availability of American-type breads. In fact, hardo bread accounts for 70% of the production of both large and small bakeries with many of the smaller bakeries producing only the hardo-type. 1, record 16, English, - Hardo%20bread
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT
The final dough is developed through a dough brake and processed into 90-gram dough pieces which are baked in an open-topped pan. Final proof is very long: usually two and one-half hour. The combined effect of the low baking absorption and dough brake treatment just prior to makeup produce the compact, fine celled structure and characteristic crust of hardo bread. 1, record 16, English, - Hardo%20bread
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Culture des céréales
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- pain hardo
1, record 16, French, pain%20hardo
correct, masculine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le pain de blé traditionnel de la Jamaïque, le hardo, est très compact, lourd et son alvéolage est extrêmement fin et serré. Le pain hardo demeure encore très populaire auprès des consommateurs, malgré la disponibilité de pains de type américain. En fait, il représente 70% de la production des grandes et des petites boulangeries et un grand nombre des plus petites boulangeries ne produisent que du pain hardo. 1, record 16, French, - pain%20hardo
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT
La pâte finale est développée au cylindre laminoir et transformée en pâtons de 90 grammes qui sont cuits en moule découvert. L'apprêt est très long : il dure en général 2 1/2 heures. C'est l'effet combiné du faible degré d’absorption d’eau de la pâte et du traitement au cylindre laminoir juste avant le façonnage qui donne au pain hardo son alvéolage fin, sa compacité ainsi que la croûte qui lui est particulière. 1, record 16, French, - pain%20hardo
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 2001-07-30
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- gluten protein denaturation
1, record 17, English, gluten%20protein%20denaturation
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. Wheat protein denaturation in dough starts at about 70 degrees C and proceeds to a point where the gas cell walls become fixed and expansion terminates. While internal crumb temperatures do not exceed 100 degrees C crust temperature reaches 195 degrees C. At this high temperature, complex browning reactions of the Maillard-type take place between reducing sugars and free amino acids. These reactions lead to the characteristic crust colour and substantially influence bread flavour. 1, record 17, English, - gluten%20protein%20denaturation
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- dénaturation de la protéine du gluten
1, record 17, French, d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
correct, feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. Les protéines du blé dans la pâte commencent à se dénaturer à 70 degrés C et cette réaction se poursuit jusqu'au moment où les parois des cellules de gaz deviennent fixes et où l'expansion s’arrête. Tandis que la température interne de la mie ne dépasse pas 100 degrés C, celle de la croûte s’élève jusqu'à 195 degrés C. A cette température élevée a lieu le brunissement par réaction de Maillard où se trouvent impliqués les sucs réducteurs et les amino-acides libres. Cette réaction confère à la croûte sa coloration caractéristique et contribue en grande partie à la saveur du pain. 1, record 17, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 2001-07-30
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- final stage
1, record 18, English, final%20stage
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Oven baking is the final stage in the conversion of flour to bread. In this process, the dough is converted to baked bread and a crust formed around the spongy interior crumb. 1, record 18, English, - final%20stage
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- étape finale
1, record 18, French, %C3%A9tape%20finale
correct, feminine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
- phase finale 2, record 18, French, phase%20finale
correct, feminine noun
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La cuisson au four constitue l'étape finale de la transformation de la farine en pain. Une croûte se forme autour de la partie interne alvéolée qui devient la mie. 1, record 18, French, - %C3%A9tape%20finale
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 2000-09-27
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Industrial Techniques and Processes
- Milling and Cereal Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- poor crumb texture
1, record 19, English, poor%20crumb%20texture
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The maltose value of wheat flour is related to the behaviour of the flour in the breadmaking process. Doughs from flours with a low maltose value do not have enough fermentable sugars resulting in low gas production during fermentation. This can lead to low loaf volume, poor crumb texture and a pale crust. 1, record 19, English, - poor%20crumb%20texture
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Techniques industrielles
- Minoterie et céréales
- Boulangerie
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- mie de texture médiocre
1, record 19, French, mie%20de%20texture%20m%C3%A9diocre
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'indice de maltose d’une farine de blé donne une indication de sa valeur boulangère. Les pâtes obtenues de farine à faible indice de maltose ne contiennent pas assez de sucres fermentescibles et produisent peu de gaz pendant la fermentation. Le pain obtenu risque d’avoir un volume insuffisant, une mie de texture médiocre et une croûte pâle. 1, record 19, French, - mie%20de%20texture%20m%C3%A9diocre
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 2000-09-27
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Milling and Cereal Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- pale crust
1, record 20, English, pale%20crust
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The maltose value of wheat flour is related to the behaviour of the flour in the breadmaking process. Doughs from flours with a low maltose value do not have enough fermentable sugars resulting in low gas production during fermentation. This can lead to low loaf volume, poor crumb texture and a pale crust. 1, record 20, English, - pale%20crust
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Minoterie et céréales
- Boulangerie
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- croûte pâle
1, record 20, French, cro%C3%BBte%20p%C3%A2le
correct, feminine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'indice de maltose d’une farine de blé donne une indication de sa valeur boulangère. Les pâtes obtenues de farine à faible indice de maltose ne contiennent pas assez de sucres fermentescibles et produisent peu de gaz pendant la fermentation. Le pain obtenu risque d’avoir un volume insuffisant, une mie de texture médiocre et une croûte pâle. 1, record 20, French, - cro%C3%BBte%20p%C3%A2le
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 1998-09-11
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Vulcanology and Seismology
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- trachytic lava
1, record 21, English, trachytic%20lava
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Volcanologie et sismologie
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- lave trachytique
1, record 21, French, lave%20trachytique
correct, feminine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les laves trachytiques visqueuses forment des produits de projection tels que les bombes en croûte de pain. Ces produits meubles peuvent se cimenter et acquérir une certaine cohésion(tufs volcaniques). 2, record 21, French, - lave%20trachytique
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record 22 - internal organization data 1995-08-07
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- farmhouse loaf
1, record 22, English, farmhouse%20loaf
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Originally a good, wholesome home-made loaf. Now produced commercially in a special shape of tin. The loaf is usually sprinkled with flour and cut on the top. 2, record 22, English, - farmhouse%20loaf
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- pain de campagne
1, record 22, French, pain%20de%20campagne
correct, masculine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Autrefois, pain fabriqué au levain et à la farine de blé, dont la pâte était pétrie à la main; pain fabriqué de manière à imiter ce type de pain, en utilisant essentiellement de la farine légèrement bise, en lui donnant une forme ronde ou oblongue et en farinant la croûte. 1, record 22, French, - pain%20de%20campagne
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 1992-01-08
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- bite
1, record 23, English, bite
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- mâche
1, record 23, French, m%C3%A2che
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
- comportement sous la dent 2, record 23, French, comportement%20sous%20la%20dent
correct, masculine noun
- tenue sous la dent 2, record 23, French, tenue%20sous%20la%20dent
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Caractéristique du pain due aux proportions respectives de croûte et de mie. 3, record 23, French, - m%C3%A2che
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 DEF
Perception globale des sensations tactiles provoquées dans la bouche par la mastication d’une bouchée de pain. 4, record 23, French, - m%C3%A2che
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
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