TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A localization of cells on an enamel organ that appear thickened in the center of the inner enamel epithelium.  2, record 1, English, - enamel%20knot

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enamel knot is frequently associated with an enamel cord. The function of the enamel cord and the enamel knot is not known, but they are believed to play a role in the placement of the first cusp developed in a tooth.  2, record 1, English, - enamel%20knot

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hybridation in situ à différents stades embryonnaires a montré un patron d’expression spécifique, lors de la mise en place de nœud de l'émail au cours de l'odontogénèse.  2, record 1, French, - n%26oelig%3Bud%20d%27%C3%A9mail

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de células definidas del órgano del esmalte las cuales son el centro de señalización para la formación de las crestas dentales.  2, record 1, Spanish, - nudo%20del%20esmalte

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En la odontogénesis y durante la etapa de morfogénesis, el epitelio dental comienza a proliferar en su parte inferior hasta formar una estructura semejante a una caperuza, momento que aparece un conjunto de células definidas denominadas nudo del esmalte primario, el cual es un centro señal implicado en la formación de las crestas dentales.  3, record 1, Spanish, - nudo%20del%20esmalte

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Al final de esta etapa, en el centro del epitelio interno del órgano del esmalte aparece un acúmulo de células denominado nudo del esmalte, del que parte un reguero de células en dirección al epitelio externo denominada cuerda del esmalte. El punto donde se une esta cuerda con el epitelio externo se denomina ombligo del esmalte.  4, record 1, Spanish, - nudo%20del%20esmalte

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A physical mapping approach that uses fluorescein tags to detect hybridization of probes with metaphase chromosomes and with the less-condensed somatic interphase chromatin.  4, record 2, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until recently, even the best chromosomal maps could be used to locate a DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] fragment only to a region of about 10 Mb, the size of a typical band seen on a chromosome. Improvements in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods allow orientation of DNA sequences that lie as close as 2 to 5 Mb.  2, record 2, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fluorescent in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei prepared from normal male fibroblast cultures gave a distance between D9S12 and D9S180 of about one Mb.  3, record 2, English, - fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement des techniques d’hybridation in situ en fluorescence et la mise au point de systèmes d’imagerie dont les performances répondent aux exigences des cytogénéticiens permettent aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de méthodes analytiques puissantes, clés de l'investigation efficace du génome et de ses anomalies.  2, record 2, French, - hybridation%20in%20situ%20en%20fluorescence

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Técnica] que utiliza sondas de ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] marcadas con fluorescencia para detectar o confirmar anomalías génicas o cromosómicas que generalmente están más allá del poder de resolución de la citogenética de rutina.  1, record 2, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) o hibridación fluorescente in situ es una técnica que combina citogenética clásica con biología molecular. Con esta asociación se logra obtener la información genética manteniendo la estructura de las células o tejidos estudiados. [...] FISH es una herramienta importante en investigación y se incrementa su uso en diagnóstico humano. [...] ejemplos de su aplicación [...]: genética pre y postnatal; diagnóstico, seguimiento y/o pronóstico en cáncer; determinaciones de anomalías en embriones de preimplantación; microbiología; radiobiología; medio ambiente y evolución.  2, record 2, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

FISH por su sigla en inglés.  3, record 2, Spanish, - hibridaci%C3%B3n%20in%20situ%20fluorescente

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the important modifications of the ISH [in situ hybridization] technique is genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH is a genomic painting technique which allows parental genomes in interspecific hybrids to be distinguished.  2, record 3, English, - genomic%20in%20situ%20hybridization

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous avons également analysé leur comportement méiotique et leur composition chromosomique, au moyen de techniques cytogénétiques et d’analyses GISH(hybridation génomique in situ).  2, record 3, French, - hybridation%20g%C3%A9nomique%20in%20situ

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of the individual polynucleotide sequences produced by digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid with a restriction endonuclease.  2, record 4, English, - restriction%20fragment

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nos sujets sont la caractérisation de polymorphismes de fragment de restriction de l'ADN(RFLP) associés au phénotype de troubles affectifs bipolaires, l'identification du gène responsable du glaucome juvénile à angle ouvert, l'identification de l'enzyme responsable dans la dystrophie myotonique de Steinert, tout comme l'hybridation «in situ» chromosomique pour des fins diagnostiques et de recherche [...]  2, record 4, French, - fragment%20de%20restriction

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécula acortada de ADN generada por la rotura de una molécula mayor por la acción de una o más endonucleasas de restricción.  1, record 4, Spanish, - fragmento%20de%20restricci%C3%B3n

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure for the detection of a particular DNA sequence within an array of bacterial cells (clones) using a radiolabeled DNA or RNA molecule (probe) that is complementary to the sequence being sought.  3, record 5, English, - colony%20hybridization

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hybridation in situ permettant d’identifier les bactéries porteuses de vecteurs chimères contenant un ADN inséré particulier. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation. ]  1, record 5, French, - hybridation%20sur%20colonies

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette hybridation se fait à l’aide d’une sonde d’ADN homologue. [Observation reproduite avec l’autorisation de l’AFNOR.]  1, record 5, French, - hybridation%20sur%20colonies

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hybridation sur colonies : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR.  4, record 5, French, - hybridation%20sur%20colonies

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hybridation sur colonie : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  4, record 5, French, - hybridation%20sur%20colonies

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica que utiliza una sonda de ácido nucleico para identificar colonias bacterianas recombinadas portadoras de un determinado ADN insertado.  1, record 5, Spanish, - hibridizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20colonias

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of localizing and detecting specific mRNA [messenger RNA] sequences in morphologically preserved tissues sections or cell preparations by hybridizing the complementary strand of a nucleotide probe to the sequence of interest.  2, record 6, English, - in%20situ%20hybridization

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hybridation d’une sonde d’ADN ou d’ARN spécifique marquée avec l’ARN ou l’ADN cellulaire, sur une coupe de tissu. [Définition normalisée par l’AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 6, French, - hybridation%20in%20situ

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hybridation in situ permet l'identification de séquences d’acides nucléiques(ARN ou ADN) exogènes ou endogènes directement au sein d’une cellule ou d’un tissu. Son principe repose sur l'appariement direct(par des liaisons hydrogène) d’une sonde dont la séquence est complémentaire de celle des acides nucléiques à caractériser.  3, record 6, French, - hybridation%20in%20situ

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hybridation in situ : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  4, record 6, French, - hybridation%20in%20situ

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our so-called padlock probes enable highly specific gene detection, combined with very low nonspecific signals, and they therefore are uniquely suited to analyse single-nucleotide sequence variants in situ and to monitor very large sets of sequences to study genetic polymorphisms or measure gene expression.  1, record 7, English, - padlock%20probe

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout récemment, un pas de plus fut franchi avec l'invention des sondes «cadenas» qui évite le risque d’une hybridation trop labile et confère à celles-ci une extrême spécificité : la circularisation par leurs deux extrémités exactement complémentaires des sondes les fixe de façon définitive à leur ADN cible, un peu comme un cadenas qui serait posé in situ.  1, record 7, French, - sonde%20cadenas

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para visualizar las moléculas diana se utiliza una sonda marcada, bien radiactivamente, bien mediante marcaje inmunológico. Para el uso de ADN de doble cadena primeramente es necesario desnaturalizarlo mediante calor o en condiciones de alta alcalinidad. Esta sonda de cadena simple marcada se une a la diana; y los lugares de unión se detectan porque los métodos de marcaje dejan una señal detectable mediante fotografía.  1, record 7, Spanish, - sonda%20de%20cadena

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nucleic acid fragment, labeled by a radioisotope, biotin, etc., that is complementary to a sequence in another nucleic acid (fragment) and that will, by hydrogen binding to the latter, locate or identify it and be detected ...  1, record 8, English, - nucleic%20acid%20probe

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécule d’ADN ou d’ARN marquée(par un composé fluorescent, un radio-isotope, un ligand ou un enzyme) utilisée pour détecter des séquences complémentaires par hybridation in situ ou in vitro avec des acides nucléiques.  3, record 8, French, - sonde%20nucl%C3%A9ique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secuencia de ADN o ARN marcada para detectar por hibridación con una muestra de ácido nucleico la presencia de una secuencia complementaria.  1, record 8, Spanish, - sonda%20de%20%C3%A1cido%20nucleico

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A laser scanning microscopy system that focuses on a single plane of light through a biological substance, allowing high-resolution, three-dimensional images to be built up.  4, record 9, English, - confocal%20laser%20scanning%20microscopy

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM, also referred to as CSLM, Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy) is now established as a valuable tool for obtaining high resolution images and 3-D reconstructions of a variety of biological specimens. In LSCM, a laser light beam is expanded to make optimal use of the optics in the objective. Through a x-y deflection mechanism this beam is turned into a scanning beam, focussed to a small spot by an objective lens onto a fluorescent specimen. The mixture of reflected light and emitted fluorescent light is captured by the same objective and (after conversion into a static beam by the x-y scanner device) is focused onto a photodetector (photomultiplier) via a dichroic mirror (beam splitter). The reflected light is deviated by the dichroic mirror while the emitted fluorescent light passes through in the direction of the photomultiplier. A confocal aperture (pinhole) is placed in front of the photodetector, such that the fluorescent light (not the reflected light!) from points on the specimen that are not within the focal plane (the so called out-of-focus light) where the laser beam was focussed will be largly obstructed by the pinhole. In this way, out-of-focus information (both above and below the focal plane) is greatly reduced.  2, record 9, English, - confocal%20laser%20scanning%20microscopy

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe de la microscopie confocale à balayage laser (MCBL). Le rayon laser excitateur pénètre dans l’échantillon préalablement marqué par des fluorochromes [...], auparavant répertoriés et choisis en fonction de leurs propriétés à se fixer sur des molécules particulières d’une structure ou d’un objet d’intérêt. Lors de l’impact optique, il y a émission de rayons lumineux provenant de différents plans de la préparation. Grâce à un diaphragme variable («trou d’aiguille» - pinhole), il est possible de sélectionner les rayons émis par un seul plan de préparation et d’éliminer le signal provenant d’autres plans. Les rayons réfléchis sont filtrés en fonction de leur longueurs d’onde puis détectés par des photo-multiplicateurs. Le signal reçu est enfin converti en signal numérique, contribuant à la création d’une image [...]  2, record 9, French, - microscopie%20confocale%20%C3%A0%20balayage%20laser

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tous les champs d’application de la microscopie confocale à balayage laser : localisations intracellulaires par fluorescence(simple et double marquage), reconstitution 3D par fluorescence de structures cellulaires, hybridation in situ, cinétique de processus dans les cellules vivantes, états de surface de matériaux divers.  3, record 9, French, - microscopie%20confocale%20%C3%A0%20balayage%20laser

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Breast cancer progression is determined by a complex pattern of multiple genetic aberrations the association of which with patient prognosis is unknown. In this study, we have undertaken a genome-wide screening to detect genetic changes associated with clinical outcome in node-negative breast cancer. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen for DNA sequence gains and losses across all human chromosomes in 23 tumors ...  1, record 10, English, - genomic%20hybridization

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La séquence FISH(hybridation en fluorescence in situ) et le développement des techniques fondées sur son principe sont en train de modifier radicalement les méthodes d’analyse de la génétique. Parmi celles-ci, l'hybridation génomique comparative(CGH) constitue un outil performant d’exploration du génome.  1, record 10, French, - hybridation%20g%C3%A9nomique%20comparative

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La CGH est une méthode permettant d’évaluer une modification du nombre de copies d’ADN dans un génome pathologique [...] Son principe est fondé sur la compétition, lors de l’hybridation, entre un ADN génomique normal et un ADN génomique pathologique.  1, record 10, French, - hybridation%20g%C3%A9nomique%20comparative

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Primed in situ labeling (PRINS) is a fast alternative to traditional in situ hybridization, requiring only a tew handling steps (1,2). In the PRINS reaction, an unlabeled sequence-specific oligonucleotide primer or short DNA fragment is hybridized (annealed) to denatures chromosomal DNA and extended in situ in the presence of hapten-labeled nucleotide triphos phates by a suitable DNA polymerase (3). The technique is especially suited for the rapid identification of chromo somes with oligonucleotide primers specific for individual chromosomal sequences and chromosomal elements like centromer or satellite sequences.  2, record 11, English, - primed%20in%20situ%20labeling%20of%20nucleic%20acids

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technique PRINS(primed in situ DNA synthesis), encore dénommée amorçage in situ, permet de localiser au niveau chromosomique des séquences répétées et présentes en de nombreuses copies. Elle nécessite une amorce nucléotidique capable de s’hybrider à la séquence d’ADN dénaturé. L'hybridation de l'amorce est suivie d’une extension in situ par incorporation, en présence de la Taq polymérase [...]  1, record 11, French, - technique%20PRINS

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technological developments have made possible extension of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to individual cells to localize DNA/RNA with non-radioactive labels at the light microscopic level. This approach, In Situ PCR, is particularly useful in resolving low-frequency message expression in mixed populations of cells and tissues. We have established a working protocol for direct In Situ PCR and have utilized several controls to validate our results.  1, record 12, English, - In%20Situ%20PCR

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagnostic en biologie, tout particulièrement en biologie cellulaire, a connu un essor important ces deux dernières décennies grâce à l'apparition de techniques d’hybridation in situ et plus récemment d’amplification génique. La PCR(polymerase chain reaction) in situ, qui résulte de la combinaison de ces deux méthodologies, s’avère être une technique morphologique puissante et innovante pour l'identification de séquences d’acides nucléiques rares au sein de cellules ou de tissus.  1, record 12, French, - PCR%20in%20situ

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The residents will be exposed to the following areas: protein electrophoresis and immunofixation; direct and indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme immunohistology procedures; flow cytometry, including DNA ploidy/cell cycle analysis; anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-nuclear antibodies; enzyme immunoassay; in situ hybridization; and direct and indirect in situ PCR.  1, record 13, English, - indirect%20PCR%20in%20situ

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Son principe est basé sur l'incorporation des nucléotides non marqués. La détection des produits amplifiés est réalisée par hybridation in situ classique grâce à des sondes radiomarquées ou couplées à un haptène.  1, record 13, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode de révélation est très spécifique et peut être comparée dans son principe au transfert de Southern (Southern blot) qui est, entre autres, employé pour confirmer les résultats obtenus par PCR liquide.  1, record 13, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In top-down mapping, a single chromosome is cut (with rare-cutter restriction enzymes) into large pieces, wich are ordered and subdivided; the smaller pieces are then mapped further. The resulting macro-restriction maps depict the order of and distance between sites at which rare-cutter enzymes cleave.  1, record 14, English, - top%2Ddown%20mapping

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] dans la stratégie dite de «haut en bas» les YAC sont utilisés directement pour l'hybridation in situ sur des chromosomes. On peut repérer leur emplacement sur les chromosomes et procéder à la cartographie sur une grande distance d’une région chromosomique donnée.  2, record 14, French, - cartographie%20de%20haut%20en%20bas

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV) infects small fruits and tree fruits. Coat and movement proteins of TomRSV are expressed coordinately via proteolytic processing of a polyprotein precursor at specific cleavage sites by a virus-encoded protease. Therefore the two cleavage sites involved in the release of the coat and movement proteins from the precursor polyprotein must be recognized at equal efficiency by the TomSVP protease. These results provide important information toward the inhibitors of viral proteases, which has potential as a novel strategy for engineering resistance to plant viruses.  1, record 15, English, - precursor%20polyprotein

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the (...) polyomeylitis virus the RNA molecule in the virion serves as the mRNA to encode all the viral proteins. The individual proteins are first synthesized as a single long poypeptide strand or polyprotein which is then cleaved to yield the different proteins.  2, record 15, English, - precursor%20polyprotein

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi ces plasmides sélectionnés par hybridation in situ, deux PHT-B3 et PH-T-B6 ont été caractérisés par hybridation-traduction et restriction. Chacun contient les séquences cDNA de la polyprotéine précurseur de la calcitonine humaine. Cette polyprotéine précurseur est codée par un mRNA comportant 1000 bases.  1, record 15, French, - polyprot%C3%A9ine%20pr%C3%A9curseur

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hybridation in situ permettant d’identifier les phages porteurs d’un ADN particulier  1, record 16, French, - hybridation%20sur%20plages

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish