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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that is interconverted between active and inactive forms by the action of other enzymes. Some of these also respond to noncovalent allosteric modulators.  2, record 1, English, - covalently%20modulated%20enzyme

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Covalently modulated enzymes ... are responsive to alterations in the metabolic state of a cell or tissue on a relatively short time scale ... within minutes.... The classical examples are the digestive enzymes pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, which are synthesized as the inactive zymogens pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen, respectively. When these enzymes are secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, they are converted into their active forms by the selective hydrolytic cleavage or one or more specific peptide bonds in the zymogen molecule.  1, record 1, English, - covalently%20modulated%20enzyme

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme régulateur dans lequel les formes active et inactive sont interconverties par des modifications covalentes de leur structure, catalysées par d’autres enzymes. L'exemple type de ce genre d’enzyme régulateur est la glycogène phosphorylase des tissus animaux qui catalyse la décomposition du polysaccharide de réserve, le glycogène, un polymère du glucose, pour donner le glucose 1-phosphate.  2, record 1, French, - enzyme%20modul%C3%A9%20de%20fa%C3%A7on%20covalente

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes modulés de façon convalente [...] répondent à des changements de métabolisme d’une cellule ou d’un tissu, en un temps relativement court : quelques [...] minutes.  1, record 1, French, - enzyme%20modul%C3%A9%20de%20fa%C3%A7on%20covalente

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

General term for an enzyme transferring an inorganic phosphate group to some organic acceptor, hence belonging to the transferases.  2, record 2, English, - phosphorylase

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some enzymes may exist in two forms of different activity which are interconvertible. Frequently, the mechanism of interconversion consists of phosphorylation .... One of the best known cases is glycogen phosphorylase, the enzyme that degrades glycogen into its glucose units, and which exists in two forms: a and b. Phosphorylase a is a tetrameric protein having the higher activity; phosphorylase b is a less active dimer. The b form can be converted into the a form by the convalent binding of four phosphate groups.  3, record 2, English, - phosphorylase

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute enzyme qui catalyse la phosphorolyse d’un composé par l’acide phosphorique.  2, record 2, French, - phosphorylase

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le glycogène est dégradé par phosphorolyse. Ceci signifie que le glycogène subit des coupures au niveau des restes de glucose, non pas hydrolytiques(avec fixation d’une molécule d’eau), mais phosphorolytiques(fixation d’une molécule d’acide phosphorique). Cette réaction est catalysée par une enzyme, la phosphorylase, enzyme très complexe(Cori, Sutherland) qui a été préparée à partir du foie et du muscle. Les enzymes des deux origines sont d’ailleurs de structure très différente.  3, record 2, French, - phosphorylase

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzimas de la clase transferasa, que catalizan la escisión de enlaces mediante la adición de fosfato inorgánico.  2, record 2, Spanish, - fosforilasa

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are some questions as to methodology [concerning research in molecular and developmental genetics] Things such as possible difficulties with interpretation of data from using heterologous biochemical assays and correlating in vitro protein phosphorylation sites with in vivo sites of phosphorylation could have been better addressed ....  1, record 3, English, - protein%20phosphorylation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Protein kinase C-mediated bidirectional regulation of DNA synthesis, RB protein phosphorylation, and cyclin-dependent kinases in human vascular endothelial cells ... Agents which activate protein kinase C or otherwise enhance protein phosphorylation caused a substantial decrease in A beta production in vitro ... The muscarinic inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediated contractile effects may not only be the result of a reduction in cAMP levels, but may also involve cAMP linked protein phosphorylation in the heart ... Recent studies in Alzheimer brains have shown aberrant protein phosphorylation, suggesting an alteration in protein kinases and/or phosphoprotein phosphatases ... [Source: PASCAL database].  2, record 3, English, - protein%20phosphorylation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exemple le plus ancien et le plus célèbre des régulations par phosphorylation de protéines est celui de la glycogène phosphorylase, déjà rencontrée comme protéine allostérique. Nous savons qu'un 2e mécanisme règle l'activité de la protéine puisqu'elle peut passer par phosphorylation d’une forme b peu active à une forme a très active. Une seule phosphorylation sur chaque sous-unité du dimère suffit [...]  1, record 3, French, - phosphorylation%20de%20prot%C3%A9ines

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish