TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The art and science of arranging conditions so that the parts themselves spontaneously assemble into the desired structure.  3, record 1, English, - self%2Dassembly

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A basic principle in self assembly is selective stickiness: if two molecular parts have complementary shapes and charge patterns, one part has a hollow where the other part has a bump, and one part has a positive charge where the other part has a negative charge, then they will tend to stick together in one particular way. By shaking these parts around, something which thermal noise does for us quite naturally if the parts are floating in solution, the parts will eventually, purely by chance, be brought together in just the right way and combine into a bigger part. This bigger part can combine in the same way with other parts, letting us gradually build a complex whole from molecular pieces by stirring them together and shaking.  3, record 1, English, - self%2Dassembly

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The key to building electronic devices out of individual molecules is self assembly.  4, record 1, English, - self%2Dassembly

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Historically, the idea of supramolecular interactions dates back to the famous metaphor of Emil Fischer (1894), who described a selective interaction of molecules as the lock and key principle. Today, supramolecular chemistry has by far surpassed its original focus. Molecular self-assemblies combine several features of covalent and non-covalent synthesis to make large and structurally well-defined assemblies of atoms. Single van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are weak relative to typical covalent bonds and comparable to thermal energies. Therefore, many of these weak non-covalent interactions are necessary in order to achieve molecular stability in self-assembled aggregates. In biology, there are many complex systems of nanoscale structures such as proteins and viruses which are formed by self-assembly. Living systems sum up many weak interactions between chemical entities to make large ones.  1, record 1, English, - self%2Dassembly

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Opération par laquelle des molécules s’associent spontanément pour donner une structure complexe de géométrie bien définie.  2, record 1, French, - autoassemblage

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L’autoassemblage [offre] la possibilité de construire une molécule complexe et hautement structurée en une seule opération au cours de laquelle plusieurs liaisons [...] sont simultanément formées.  3, record 1, French, - autoassemblage

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L’autre avantage de l’autoassemblage est de permettre la mise en place provisoire de deux fragments moléculaires en vue d’une réaction ultérieure que l’on souhaite effectuer dans une disposition bien déterminée.  3, record 1, French, - autoassemblage

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Autoassemblage sur surface.  4, record 1, French, - autoassemblage

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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En el autoensamblaje, el nanoconstructor introduce átomos particulares o moléculas dentro de una superficie o dentro de una naoestructura preconstruida. Entonces, las moléculas se alinean (ellas mismas) dentro de posiciones particulares, algunas veces formando uniones débiles y otras veces formando uniones covalentes fuertes, en orden de minimizar la energía total.  1, record 1, Spanish, - autoensamblaje

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Se comienza con una estructura nanométrica como una molécula y mediante un proceso de montaje o autoensamblado, totalmente automático, se crea un mecanismo mayor que el mecanismo con el que comenzamos.  2, record 1, Spanish, - autoensamblaje

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The study of the synthesis and analysis of materials in the nanoscale range (1^-10 nanometers), including large organic molecules, inorganic cluster compounds, and metallic or semiconductor particles.  2, record 2, English, - nanochemistry

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Nanochemistry ... is the science of tools, technologies, and methodologies for chemical synthesis, analysis, and biochemical diagnostics, performed in nanolitre to femtolitre domains.  3, record 2, English, - nanochemistry

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Nanochemistry is a new discipline concerned with the unique properties associated with assemblies of atoms or molecules on a scale between that of the individual building blocks and the bulk material. ... Nanochemistry is the use of synthetic chemistry to make nanoscale building blocks of desired shape, size, composition and surface structure, charge and functionality with an optional target to control self-assembly of these building blocks at various scale-lengths. Nanochemistry uses semi-conductors that only conduct electricity in specific conductions. As the semi-conductors are much smaller than normal conductors the product can be much smaller.  3, record 2, English, - nanochemistry

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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La nanochimie trouve sa légitimité dans la capacité que les chimistes ont acquise au cours des dernières décennies à synthétiser des structures présentant une complexité et une architecture inédite. [...] Les grands défis de la nanochimie concerneront donc les aspects suivants :-les nouvelles méthodes de synthèse dont certaines s’inspireront de méthodes en vigueur dans le vivant(méthodes biomimétiques). Ces méthodes permettront d’obtenir des structures inédites liant entre elles des atomes divers dont des métaux;-l'auto-assemblage et l'auto-organisation de nouvelles molécules conduisant à des structures de taille importante;-la conception de nano-matériaux aux propriétés physico-chimiques nouvelles ainsi qu'à la fonctionnalisation de ces nanomatériaux pour varier leurs actions. Les domaines d’applications sont par construction formidablement étendus mais on peut citer les catalyseurs, le nanomagnétisme, l'électronique moléculaire, voire l'optique [...]  2, record 2, French, - nanochimie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Ces réseaux moléculaires, ou hypermolécules, peuvent être confectionnés par une stratégie d’auto-assemblage entre des briques moléculaires complémentaires portant dans leur structures un programme spécifique d’assemblage.  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20mol%C3%A9culaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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To inoculate a culture medium [with cells or] with microorganims.  2, record 4, English, - seed

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Plusieurs méthodes ont été conçues, dont les gels de collagène ou les échafaudages de polymères synthétiques ensemencés par des cellules, l'auto-assemblage de cellules et aussi les techniques acellulaires.  2, record 4, French, - ensemencer

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A duplication requiring copying from a template.  2, record 5, English, - replication

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Auto-assemblage d’un appareil inanimé.  1, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9plication

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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in addition to (the) simple case of self-assembly, in which no other component is involved, there is also the principle of aided assembly, in which certain enzymes may prepare the macromolecules for assembly (e.g., Fibrin).  1, record 6, English, - aided%20assembly

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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en plus(du) cas simple d’auto-assemblage, dans lequel aucun autre composé n’ entre en jeu, il y a aussi le principe d’assemblage assisté dans lequel certaines enzymes peuvent préparer les macromolécules à l'assemblage(e. g., la fibrine).  1, record 6, French, - assemblage%20assist%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish