TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
CONTRE-EXEMPLE [7 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2024-08-29
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Logic (Philosophy)
- Mathematics
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- counterexample logic
1, record 1, English, counterexample%20logic
correct, see observation
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
counterexample: A counterexample is any exception to a generalization. In logic a counterexample disproves the generalization, and does so rigorously in the fields of mathematics and philosophy. 2, record 1, English, - counterexample%20logic
Record 1, Key term(s)
- counter-example logic
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Logique (Philosophie)
- Mathématiques
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- logique de contre-exemple
1, record 1, French, logique%20de%20contre%2Dexemple
correct, see observation, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
contre-exemple : En logique, en rhétorique et en mathématiques, un contre-exemple est un exemple, un cas particulier ou un résultat général, qui contredit les premières impressions. 2, record 1, French, - logique%20de%20contre%2Dexemple
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - external organization data 2006-02-01
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Compartment - ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology Vocabulary
Universal entry(ies) Record 2
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- negative example
1, record 2, English, negative%20example
correct, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- negative instance 1, record 2, English, negative%20instance
correct, standardized
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
counterexample of a concept to be learned that may restrict the scope of the concept description 1, record 2, English, - negative%20example
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
negative example; negative instance: terms and definition standardized by ISO/IEC [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 2, English, - negative%20example
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Tiroir - ISO/CEI JTC 1 Vocabulaire des technologies de l'information
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 2
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- exemple négatif
1, record 2, French, exemple%20n%C3%A9gatif
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- instance négative 1, record 2, French, instance%20n%C3%A9gative
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
contre-exemple d’un concept à apprendre, qui peut aider à spécialiser la description de concept 1, record 2, French, - exemple%20n%C3%A9gatif
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
exemple négatif; instance négative : termes et définition normalisés par l’ISO/CEI [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 2, French, - exemple%20n%C3%A9gatif
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 1996-01-04
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- positive example
1, record 3, English, positive%20example
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- positive exemplar 1, record 3, English, positive%20exemplar
correct
- positive instance 2, record 3, English, positive%20instance
correct
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
In learning from examples, an example or instance of a concept to be learned. 1, record 3, English, - positive%20example
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Also, a correct instance of a concept that may result in generalization. 2, record 3, English, - positive%20example
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- exemple positif
1, record 3, French, exemple%20positif
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- instance positive 2, record 3, French, instance%20positive
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On parlera souvent d’instance positive ou négative plutôt que d’exemple et contre-exemple. 3, record 3, French, - exemple%20positif
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
À la différence de la langue habituelle, en IA on remarque qu’attribuer à une partie des connaissances le statut particulier d’exemple d’un concept ou d’un comportement est en soi une sorte de connaissance. Les «exemples» ne sont donc pas simplement une illustration de concepts plus abstraits, mais aussi une connaissance particulière relative à ces concepts. Les systèmes d’apprentissage qui engendrent eux-mêmes des exemples sont d’ailleurs extrêmement rares car ce problème est très difficile à résoudre. 4, record 3, French, - exemple%20positif
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 1994-07-27
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- negative example
1, record 4, English, negative%20example
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- negative instance 1, record 4, English, negative%20instance
correct
- counterexample 2, record 4, English, counterexample
correct
- counter example 3, record 4, English, counter%20example
correct
- counter-example 4, record 4, English, counter%2Dexample
correct
- negative exemplar 5, record 4, English, negative%20exemplar
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
In learning from examples, a counterexample of a concept that may bound the scope of "generalization". 1, record 4, English, - negative%20example
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The Socratic method is a well-established approach to the problem of helping the student refine and debug her knowledge. In this paradigm, the tutor encourages the student to refine her knowledge by presenting her with instances (counter examples) which run counter to her conception of the domain. ... In general, a counter example can be viewed as an instance which satisfies the antecedent of the rule which the student is thought to be using, but violates the rule's consequent. 3, record 4, English, - negative%20example
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
... positive examples force generalization whereas negative examples prevent overgeneralization (the induced concept should never be so general as to include any of the negative examples). 1, record 4, English, - negative%20example
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT
Tape recordings were made of human tutorials in an attempt to elucidate when and why a good tutor changes topic, elaborates a point, gives a counter-example, asks a question, etc. 4, record 4, English, - negative%20example
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- contre-exemple
1, record 4, French, contre%2Dexemple
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- instance négative 2, record 4, French, instance%20n%C3%A9gative
correct, feminine noun
- exemple négatif 3, record 4, French, exemple%20n%C3%A9gatif
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Exemple qui illustre le contraire de ce qu’on veut démontrer. 4, record 4, French, - contre%2Dexemple
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans l’apprentissage des similarités, le but est de collecter les propriétés communes à un ensemble d’exemples d’un concept, et absente de l’ensemble des contre-exemples à ce concept. 5, record 4, French, - contre%2Dexemple
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
On parlera souvent d’instance positive ou négative plutôt que d’exemple et contre-exemple. 6, record 4, French, - contre%2Dexemple
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 1992-10-20
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- consistent
1, record 5, English, consistent
correct, adjective
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A concept is consistent with regard to the examples if it covers some or all positive examples and none of the negative examples. 1, record 5, English, - consistent
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- cohérent
1, record 5, French, coh%C3%A9rent
correct, adjective
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On dit qu'une description est cohérente quand elle ne reconnaît aucun contre-exemple. 2, record 5, French, - coh%C3%A9rent
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 1992-10-06
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- example
1, record 6, English, example
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Such examples - positive and negative - constitute the feedback from the system's attempts to perform a desired task. 1, record 6, English, - example
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The unqualified term "example" refers most frequently to "positive examples". 2, record 6, English, - example
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- exemple
1, record 6, French, exemple
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- instance 2, record 6, French, instance
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On parlera souvent d’instance positive ou négative plutôt que d’exemple et contre-exemple. Les différentes instances sont soumises à l'élève par le maître. 2, record 6, French, - exemple
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT
(...) le professeur peut alors proposer au système des scènes qui ne sont pas des exemples corrects du concept à apprendre. Celui-ci va donc apprendre à la fois à partir des exemples et des contre-exemples. 1, record 6, French, - exemple
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le mot "exemple" sans déterminant est plus souvent synonyme du terme "exemple positif". 3, record 6, French, - exemple
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 1989-12-12
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- concept acquisition
1, record 7, English, concept%20acquisition
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- concept attainment 2, record 7, English, concept%20attainment
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A learning task in which there is an a priori division of the world into at least two categories; it is a type of learning from examples. 3, record 7, English, - concept%20acquisition
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- acquisition de concepts
1, record 7, French, acquisition%20de%20concepts
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
En apprentissage symbolique automatique, opération par laquelle le système trouve une description discriminante et complète d’une classe d’objets. 2, record 7, French, - acquisition%20de%20concepts
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
On dit qu'une description "reconnaît" un exemple quand celui-ci est une instance de la description. La description est discriminante quand elle ne reconnaît aucun contre-exemple, et complète quand elle reconnaît tous les exemples. 3, record 7, French, - acquisition%20de%20concepts
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
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