TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An interference pattern created by x-rays as they pass through a material, such as a crystal.  3, record 1, English, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20pattern

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

X-ray diffraction is a versatile, non-destructive analytical technique for identification and quantitative determination of the various crystalline compounds, known as 'phases,' present in solid materials and powders. Identification is achieved by comparing the x-ray diffraction pattern - or 'diffractogram' - obtained from an unknown sample with an internationally recognised database containing reference patterns for more than 70,000 phases.  4, record 1, English, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20pattern

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A diffractometer can be used to make a diffraction pattern of any crystalline solid. With a diffraction pattern an investigator can identify an unknown mineral, or characterize the atomic-scale structure of an already identified mineral.  5, record 1, English, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20pattern

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Used in various fields, i.e. mineralogy, soil science, biology, etc.  6, record 1, English, - X%2Dray%20diffraction%20pattern

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagramme obtenu par diffraction d’un rayonnement.  3, record 1, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagramme de diffraction des rayons X(DRX) d’un matériau polycristallin contient de très nombreuses informations que l'on utilise classiquement. Ces informations sont obtenues à partir des positions, des intensités et enfin des profils des raies de diffraction ou alors à partir de l'ensemble du diagramme considéré comme un tout.  4, record 1, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Minéraux de l’argile. [...] Leur reconnaissance s’appuie surtout sur l’analyse thermique différentielle et l’analyse diffractométrique (diagrammes de diffraction des rayons X). On détermine alors des écarts réticulaires correspondant aux raies de diffraction d’intensité variable.  5, record 1, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Utilisé dans divers domaines, par exemple en minéralogie, en pédologie, en biologie.  6, record 1, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction%20des%20rayons%20X

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any technique which utilizes the diffraction of X-rays generated in a microstructural domain of a solid under bombardment with a finely focused electron beam, thus providing an X-ray diffraction pattern of this microstructural domain. The pattern can be recorded with a film either on the reflection or transmission side of the specimen (in the latter case the crystalline sample has to be a thin film or a small particle).  1, record 2, English, - in%20situ%20micro%2Dx%2Dray%20diffraction

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] technique qui permet d’obtenir le diagramme de diffraction des rayons x d’un échantillon, engendrés dans la microstructure du solide que l'on bombarde avec un faisceau d’électrons bien focalisé. Le diagramme est établi au moyen d’un film, soit par réflexion, soit par transmission, selon que l'échantillon est placé d’un côté ou de l'autre. Dans ce dernier cas l'échantillon cristallin doit être un film fin ou une petite particule.  2, record 2, French, - microdiffraction%20des%20rayons%20X%20in%20situ

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(suffix) Multiplied by ...  2, record 3, English, - %2Dfold

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A twelvefold increase ... threefold aspect of a problem ...  2, record 3, English, - %2Dfold

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

symmetry: In general, a figure or expression is said to be symmetric if parts of it may be interchanged without changing the whole. ... A right circular cone has an axis of symmetry. A geometric figure has n-fold rotational symmetry about an axis if a rotation of 360°/n is a symmetry of the figure. Thus an axis of symmetry can be a rotational axis. For example, an axis through the centre of a square perpendicular to the plane is a 4-fold axis since a rotation of 360°/4 produces an identical figure; a diagonal is a 2-fold axis.  3, record 3, English, - %2Dfold

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The cube shows rotational symmetry with respect to 3 axes, 2-fold with respect to the center of an edge, 3-fold with respect to a vertex, 4-fold with respect to a face.  4, record 3, English, - %2Dfold

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Système cubique : axes de rotation d’ordre 4 [...]; axes de rotation d’ordre 3 [...]; axes de rotation d’ordre 2 [...]  2, record 3, French, - d%26rsquo%3Bordre

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

D. Schechtman et ses collaborateurs [...] ont obtenu un diagramme de diffraction icosaédrique présentant une symétrie d’ordre cinq. Qu'y a-t-il de si surprenant? Tout simplement, on sait depuis le XVIIIe siècle que la symétrie pentagonale-tout comme les symétries d’ordre égal ou supérieur à 7-est interdite dans la structure tripériodique des cristaux.  3, record 3, French, - d%26rsquo%3Bordre

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We saw in the introduction that the facets of a (quasi)crystal as well as its diffraction diagram clearly reveal a certain kind of symmetry. This symmetry is expressed by the set of rotations that leave the directions of the facets unchanged, or the set of rotations that leave the positions of the Bragg peaks in the diffraction diagram unchanged.  1, record 4, English, - diffraction%20diagram

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un diagramme de diffraction est une figure d’interférences créée par la superposition des ondes(rayons X, électrons ou neutrons) réfléchies dans une direction donnée par les atomes d’un cristal. La direction qui donne lieu à des interférences constructives, c'est-à-dire à une tache, correspond à des ondes diffractées décalées d’un nombre entier de longueur d’onde. Cette direction indique la distance qui sépare les plans atomiques, lesquels constituent autant de «miroirs» pour les ondes produites par la source éclairant l'échantillon. L'ensemble des taches de diffraction reflète l'arrangement des plans atomiques qui définissent le cristal.  1, record 4, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principle of physical optics which states that the diffraction pattern caused by an opaque circular disc or sphere is identical with that caused by a circular aperture of the same radius. This reciprocity principle is utilized in the theory of the corona which is caused by diffraction due to cloud or fog droplets.  3, record 5, English, - Babinet%27s%20principle

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principe d’optique physique selon lequel le diagramme de diffraction causé par un disque circulaire ou une sphère opaque est identique à celui causé par une ouverture circulaire de même rayon. Ce principe de réciprocité est utilisé dans la théorie de la couronne causée par la diffraction due aux gouttelettes de nuage ou de brouillard.  1, record 5, French, - principe%20de%20Babinet

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principio de la óptica física que establece que el diagrama de difracción causado por una esfera o por un disco opacos es idéntico al causado por una abertura circular del mismo radio. Este principio de reciprocidad se usa en la teoría de la corona, la cual se forma por la difracción por gotitas de nube o de niebla.  1, record 5, Spanish, - principio%20de%20Babinet

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any technique which is based on the diffraction of high energy electrons ... in crystalline materials and evaluation of the angular distribution of the transmitted electrons.  1, record 6, English, - transmission%20high%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The diffraction pattern represents an image of the reciprocal lattice and therefore contains information about crystal structure.  1, record 6, English, - transmission%20high%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This technique is often called selected area electron diffraction (SAED). For consistency with other electron diffraction techniques however the THEED is recommended.  1, record 6, English, - transmission%20high%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute technique fondée sur la diffraction d’électrons de hautes énergies [...] par des matériaux cristallins et l’évaluation de la distribution angulaire des électrons transmis.  1, record 6, French, - diffraction%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20transmis%20de%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le diagramme de diffraction représente une image du réseau réciproque et il contient donc des informations sur la structure cristalline.  1, record 6, French, - diffraction%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20transmis%20de%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On désigne souvent cette technique sous le nom de diffraction (fine) d’électrons transmis de haute énergie (SAED). Afin de rendre la nomenclature cohérente avec celle des autres techniques de diffraction, il est plutôt recommandé d’utiliser ici l’expression "diffraction d’électrons transmis de haute énergie" (THEED).  1, record 6, French, - diffraction%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20transmis%20de%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any technique which measures the angular intensity distribution of electrons reflected from a crystalline surface under bombardment with low energy electrons (E₀ < 500 eV) in larger angles of incidence.  1, record 7, English, - low%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The diffraction pattern also provides very surface sensitive information on the atomic arrangement of the top layers of a solid.  1, record 7, English, - low%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute technique qui mesure la distribution de l’intensité angulaire des électrons réfléchis par une surface cristalline bombardée par des électrons de basse énergie (E₀ < 500 eV) aux angles d’incidence supérieurs.  1, record 7, French, - diffraction%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20de%20faible%20%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le diagramme de diffraction fournit aussi de l'information très précise sur la nature de la surface, notamment sur l'arrangement atomique des couches externes d’un solide.  1, record 7, French, - diffraction%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20de%20faible%20%C3%A9nergie

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique which measures the angular intensity distribution of electrons "reflected" from a crystalline surface under bombardment with high energy electrons near grazing incidence.  1, record 8, English, - reflection%20high%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The diffraction pattern provides very surface sensitive information ... on the atomic arrangement of the top layers of a solid.  1, record 8, English, - reflection%20high%20energy%20electron%20diffraction

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute technique qui mesure la distribution de l’intensité angulaire des électrons "réfléchis" d’une surface cristalline soumise à un bombardement par des électrons de haute énergie près de l’incidence rasante.  1, record 8, French, - diffraction%2Dr%C3%A9flexion%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20de%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le diagramme de diffraction informe avec précision [...] sur l'arrangement atomique à la surface des couches superficielles d’un solide.  1, record 8, French, - diffraction%2Dr%C3%A9flexion%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9lectrons%20de%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diffracted X-rays recorded on film, giving a means of identification of a powder.  2, record 9, English, - diffraction%20pattern

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

X-ray diffraction pattern.  3, record 9, English, - diffraction%20pattern

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

diagramme de diffraction des rayons X.  2, record 9, French, - diagramme%20de%20diffraction

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish