TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To overcome the [limitations] of vision models in open-set conditions, the community has proposed techniques for epistemic uncertainty estimation. Epistemic uncertainty [is] the uncertainty experienced by a model when it has a lack of knowledge ...  2, record 1, English, - epistemic%20uncertainty%20estimation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Epistemic uncertainty arises from a lack of knowledge or information. By definition, it is reducible, as adding more training data enables the model to capture underlying patterns or relationships[,] resulting [in] a more accurate representation of the system.  2, record 2, English, - epistemic%20uncertainty

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'incertitude épistémique est causée par un manque d’informations ou de connaissances [en ce qui concerne] un domaine. [Elle] peut généralement être réduite [par l'ajout] de données, si celles-ci couvrent mieux le domaine étudié.  2, record 2, French, - incertitude%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is dynamic epistemic logic (DEL)? It is a framework within logical theory that combines epistemic logic, which deals with knowledge and beliefs, with dynamic logic, which focuses on the effects of actions on knowledge.  3, record 3, English, - dynamic%20epistemic%20logic

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Qu'est-ce que la logique épistémique dynamique? Il s’agit d’un cadre au sein de la théorie logique qui combine la logique épistémique, qui traite des connaissances et des croyances, avec la logique dynamique, qui se concentre sur les effets des actions sur les connaissances.  2, record 3, French, - logique%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique%20dynamique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once conceived as a single formal system, epistemic logic has become a general formal approach to the study of the structure of knowledge, its limits and possibilities, and its static and dynamic properties.  2, record 4, English, - epistemic%20logic

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système logique permettant de raisonner sur la connaissance.  2, record 4, French, - logique%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... an oppressive system (stemming from non-suicidal perspectives) functioning at the normative, discursive, medical, legal, social, political, economic, and epistemic levels in which suicidal people experience multiple forms of injustice and violence.  2, record 5, English, - suicidism

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Currently, suicidality is inadequately engaged with in suicide prevention methods. The key focus is on preventing people from dying, rather than validating suicidal ideation as a legitimate experience. ... in this refusal to validate suicidality, suicidal people are subjected to suicidism – a term ... coined to describe the oppression suicidal people face which silences them and views their desire to die as illegitimate.  3, record 5, English, - suicidism

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] système d’oppression(construit à partir des perspectives non suicidaires) aux plans normatif, discursif, médical, légal, social, politique, économique et épistémique, dans lequel les personnes suicidaires vivent de multiples formes d’injustice et de violence [...]  2, record 5, French, - suicidisme

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le suicidisme, qui domine en santé et services sociaux, manifeste une perception foncièrement négative des personnes suicidaires, de leur discours et de leur vision de la mort, lesquels sont d’emblée jugés irrecevables, irrationnels et infondés. En tant que système qui dévalue les perceptions, les actions et les discours des personnes ayant des idées suicidaires, le suicidisme invalide les paroles et les expériences de ces personnes, nuisant paradoxalement et fort probablement [...] à la prévention du suicide, à l’accueil de leur souffrance et à la crédibilité accordée à leur vécu expérientiel.  3, record 5, French, - suicidisme

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Notions such as knowledge and belief.  1, record 6, English, - epistemic%20notion

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

He ... created an algorithm for designing optimal experiments that could provide the strongest evidence yet that the quantum state is an ontic state (a state of reality) and not an epistemic state (a state of knowledge).  3, record 13, English, - knowledge%20state

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il [...] a mis au point un algorithme pour concevoir des expériences optimales qui pourraient à l'heure actuelle démontrer que l'état quantique est un état ontique(un état de réalité) et non un état épistémique(un état de connaissance).  3, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tat%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

George C. Knee ... created an algorithm for designing optimal experiments that could provide the strongest evidence yet that the quantum state is an ontic state (a state of reality) and not an epistemic state (a state of knowledge).  2, record 14, English, - ontic%20state

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

George C. Knee [...] a mis au point un algorithme pour concevoir des expériences optimales qui pourraient à l'heure actuelle démontrer que l'état quantique est un état ontique(un état de réalité) et non un état épistémique(un état de connaissance).  2, record 14, French, - %C3%A9tat%20ontique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Related to knowledge.  2, record 15, English, - epistemic

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See epistemic categories, epistemic dimensions, epistemic level.  3, record 15, English, - epistemic

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compare to "epistemological".  2, record 15, English, - epistemic

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An external mapping can be derived from an internal (via a presentational mapping) or directly from the knowledge or epistemic source. Both internal and external mappings can have varying degrees of epistemic fidelity, that is, they can reflect the epistemic source a little or a lot.  4, record 15, English, - epistemic

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relatif à la connaissance et à la croyance.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

logique épistémique, mode épistémique.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

épistémè : ensemble des connaissances réglées (conception du monde, science, philosophie, etc) propres à un groupe social, à une époque.  3, record 15, French, - %C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les modalités épistémiques «connu comme vrai», «inconnu comme faux» et "«incertain» sont distinctes des modalités aléthiques et des modalités déontiques.  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Issue in July 1993 by the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women.  1, record 16, English, - Evidence%20of%20Recent%20Complaint%20and%20Reform%20of%20Canadian%20Sexual%20Assault%20Law%3A%20still%20searching%20for%20epistemic%20equality%3F

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Publié en juillet 1993 par le Conseil consultatif canadien sur la situation de la femme.  1, record 16, French, - La%20preuve%20de%20la%20plainte%20spontan%C3%A9e%20et%20la%20refonte%20des%20dispositions%20sur%20les%20agressions%20sexuelles%20au%20Canada%20%3A%20%C3%A0%20quand%20l%27%C3%A9galit%C3%A9%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique%3F

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A level of diagnosis concerned with the individual whose behavior and knowledge are of interest to the behavioral and epistemic diagnosis. It supports the view of the student, not only as a recipient of communicable knowledge, but as an agent with an identity of his own, engaged in an active learning process. Collecting information about this agent's individual characteristics can be a productive diagnostic activity. Individual diagnosis remains an area for further research.  1, record 17, English, - individual%20diagnosis

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Individual diagnosis requires a specialized, largely domain-independent vocabulary, which the field still needs to investigate.  1, record 17, English, - individual%20diagnosis

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagnostic effectué par un individu(l'apprenant) en considérant son état de connaissance(état épistémique).  2, record 17, French, - autodiagnostic

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les principales facettes de ce type de diagnostic sont d’ordre : architectural(simulation de l'état épistémique par l'architecture cognitive du didacticiel), didactique(inclusion d’un modèle d’apprentissage dans le modèle de l'apprenant), stéréotypique(construction d’un profil de l'apprenant au moyen de traits de caractère et de préférences stéréotypiques), motivationnel(inclusion de paramètres tels, niveau d’intérêt, fatigue, etc.), situationnel(interventions extérieures qui peuvent modifier la performance de l'apprenant), intentionnel(attitude et opinions de l'apprenant vis-à-vis de l'interaction pédagogique), autoréférentiel(modèle individuel) et réciproque(modèle du système construit par l'étudiant).  2, record 17, French, - autodiagnostic

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pedagogical activity aiming at collecting and inferring information about the student or his actions. This task often involves the construction of a student model.  1, record 18, English, - diagnosis

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Etymologically, the word simply means "to know thoroughly" but is perhaps better understood here as "to know sufficiently" given the pragmatic and necessarily approximate nature of the task.  1, record 18, English, - diagnosis

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In essence, diagnosis can be viewed as a process of reasoning about reasoning and about learning. As a pure modeling activity, it reconstructs knowledge states responsible for observable behaviour by a reversal of the individual model that has processed knowledge into actions.  1, record 18, English, - diagnosis

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In pedagogical diagnosis, the search spaces representing the possible student models are frequently very large - increasingly so as models become more sophisticated.  1, record 18, English, - diagnosis

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité d’un tutoriel visant à reconnaître et à interpréter les actions de l'étudiant. L'on distingue le diagnostic comportemental et le diagnostic épistémique, le diagnostic interactif et le diagnostic inférentiel, le diagnostic intentionnel, le diagnostic piloté par modèles et le diagnostic heuristique.  1, record 18, French, - diagnostic

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the techniques and methods communicating understanding via stored knowledge. It has been extended to include computer systems that embody models of competence and, in particular, expert systems.  2, record 19, English, - applied%20epistemics

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de techniques et de méthodes relatives à la métaconnaissance du savoir humain mémorisé par ordinateur. Jusqu'à très récemment, l'épistémique appliquée se limitait au savoir de l'homme à l'exclusion de toute modélisation informatique de ses compétences.  1, record 19, French, - %C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique%20appliqu%C3%A9e

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The evolution of the SOPHIE project can be viewed as a search for the right ingredients of "cognitive fidelity" in modeling expert reasoning. SOPHIE-I abandons the automata of the METEOROLOGY tutor to take advantage of mathematically based computational formalisms, which place the emphasis on physically faithful simulations. In an effort to gain cognitive fidelity, SOPHIE-III moves away from the structurally isomorphic representations of quantitative simulations to concentrate on mental models, but in some sense it goes too far and becomes too specialized to a given form of reasoning in the context of a specific task.  3, record 20, English, - cognitive%20fidelity

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Both internal and external representational mappings can have varying degrees of epistemic fidelity, that is, they can reflect the epistemic source a little or a lot.  2, record 20, English, - cognitive%20fidelity

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 CONT

An expert system is cognitively faithful if its own internal solutions correspond to the solutions a human would produce. MATHPERT solves math problems in the way we teach students to do, rather than using high-powered algorithms. Cognitive fidelity must be designed for from the beginning, as the demand for cognitive fidelity complicates the construction of an expert system considerably.  4, record 20, English, - cognitive%20fidelity

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir modélisation cognitive.  2, record 20, French, - fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9%20cognitive

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Logique des croyances et des incroyances. Partie de la logique épistémique qui inclut les modes de "connaissances" et de "croyance".  1, record 21, French, - logique%20doxique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagnosis at the epistemic level. It distinguishes three phases in the inference of a knowledge state: direct assignment of credit and blame (determining which knowledge elements have been directly involved in the available account of behavior), structural consistency (broadcasting of repercussions of this direct recognition on the rest of the knowledge state), and longitudinal consistency (updating of the existing student model according to new information).  1, record 22, English, - epistemic%20diagnosis

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le comportement inféré lors du diagnostic inférentiel peut servir de point de départ dans le diagnostique épistémique des données sur le comportement et l'attribution directe du crédit ou du blâme. Ce sont le traçage de modèles, la reconstruction procédurale ou non procédurale, et la reconnaissance d’objectifs pédagogiques en tant qu'éléments du curriculum.  1, record 22, French, - diagnostic%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

It refers to the techniques and methods communicating understanding via stored knowledge. It has been extended to include computer systems that embody models of competence and, in particular, expert systems.  1, record 24, English, - applied%20epistemics

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

epistemic behavior: Berlyne (1960) a désigné ainsi l’ensemble des comportements de connaissance, distinguant l’"epistemic observation" (...) l’"epistemic thinking", pensée créatrice de connaissance, et l’"epistemic consultation" (...)  2, record 25, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

epistemic behavior: Berlyne (1960) a désigné ainsi l’ensemble des comportements de connaissance (...)  3, record 26, French, - comportement%20de%20connaissance

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

epistemic behavior: Berlyne (1960) a désigné ainsi l’ensemble des comportements de connaissance, distinguant l’"epistemic observation", depuis celle qui correspond à une curiosité malveillante jusqu’à l’expérimentation scientifique, l’"epistemic thinking" (...) et l’"epistemic consultation" (...)  2, record 27, French, - observation%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

epistemic behavior: Berlyne (1960) a désigné ainsi l’ensemble des comportements de connaissance, distinguant l’"epistemic observation" (...) L’"epistemic thinking" (...) et l’"epistemic consultation", acquisition de connaissance grâce à des renseignements oraux ou écrits.  2, record 28, French, - consultation%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish