TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some advanced methods are also used to harness geothermal energy. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) is one such method. An EGS plant ... consists of both aboveground and subsurface infrastructure. Developing an EGS reservoir involves injecting cold fracturing fluid deep underground to open up preexisting cracks or develop new ones ... Then, the geothermal energy is extracted by rerouting a working fluid. By pumping it through the geothermal reservoir's fractured network, the fluid can be heated to a higher temperature before being withdrawn from yet another well ...  3, record 1, English, - enhanced%20geothermal%20system%20power%20plant

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Centrale électrique qui est alimentée à partir d’un réservoir créé artificiellement par fracturation hydraulique ou par stimulation chimique.  2, record 1, French, - centrale%20%C3%A0%20syst%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9othermique%20stimul%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by which multiple fractures are created along the horizontal section of the wellbore in a series of consecutive operations.  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Using mechanical means or fluid pressure, each segment of the horizontal wellbore is isolated and fractured individually. Frac fluid is pumped from the surface at a predetermined and constantly monitored rate to the "toe," the farthest isolated segment in the horizontal section. When the fracture is created, proppant-laden fluid is pumped into the fracture to keep it open. Once complete, the process is repeated for each segment in the wellbore, working back towards the "heel."  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  6, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d’un puits de forage dans une série d’opérations consécutives.  1, record 2, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale%20en%20plusieurs%20%C3%A9tapes

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A hydraulic fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of the formation rock. The pressure causes the formation to crack, allowing the fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into the formation. To keep this fracture open after the injection stops, a solid proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, is added to the fracture fluid. The propped hydraulic fracture then becomes a high permeability conduit through which the formation fluids can flow to the well.  2, record 3, English, - hydraulic%20fracture

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracture hydraulique se forme dans une formation rocheuse après que celle-ci ait subi une opération de fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 3, French, - fracture%20hydraulique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fraccing fluid consists mostly of water and sand but small amounts of additives are used to thicken the fluid and improve the efficiency of the process, thus reducing the need for excess water use.  10, record 4, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  11, record 4, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le liquide de fracturation est principalement composé d’eau (à environ 96 %), de sable (à environ 3,6 %) et d’additifs (à moins de 1 %) et est pompé à haute pression. Des additifs sont nécessaires pour améliorer la performance du liquide de fracturation.  2, record 4, French, - fluide%20de%20fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the hydraulic fracturing process, some of the fracturing fluid may leave the fracture and enter the targeted formation adjacent to the created fracture (i.e. untreated formation). This phenomenon is known as fluid leak-off. The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  7, record 5, English, - fracture%20fluid%20leak%2Doff

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène se produisant lorsque le liquide de fracturation hydraulique s’écoule de la fracture principale et s’infiltre dans une autre partie de la formation ou dans un autre réseau de fractures.  2, record 5, French, - fuite%20de%20fluide%20de%20fracturation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high-pressure pump used in hydraulic fracturing.  3, record 6, English, - fracturing%20pump

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pompe à haute pression utilisée dans la fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 6, French, - pompe%20de%20fracturation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in many shale formations, the fracing process is repeated a number oftimes in isolated segments along the length of the wellbore. This is multistagefracing, which increases the well’s production by stimulating a larger portion of the underground formation. The multiple stages set for fracing may be along vertical or horizontal wellbores, and in new or existing wells.  10, record 7, English, - multi%2Dstage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  11, record 7, English, - multi%2Dstage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à fracturer, segment par segment, une formation rocheuse au moyen de liquide sous pression, afin de permettre l’échappement de gaz naturel.  2, record 7, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20en%20plusieurs%20%C3%A9tapes

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artificial fracturing is required to increase the effective porosity of ... organic-rich shales and release the tightly held methane. ... Both the porosity and the permeability of [the tight sands] formations are low so that hydraulic or explosive fracturing techniques must be employed to recover the gas.  2, record 8, English, - artificial%20fracturing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de stimulation qui consiste à créer artificiellement des fractures dans la couche productrice afin d’en augmenter la perméabilité au voisinage immédiat du puits.  2, record 8, French, - fracturation%20artificielle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracturation hydraulique et la fracturation explosive sont deux types de fracturation artificielle.  3, record 8, French, - fracturation%20artificielle

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizontal hydraulic fracturing is accomplished by drilling vertically to the depth of the shale formation, which is generally found between 0.6 – 1.5 km below the surface. When the gas-containing shale is intercepted, the drill bit is maneuvered to travel horizontally through the center of the formation for a distance of up to 1.6km. Water, biocides, surfactants, sands, and other chemicals are forced into the borehole under extremely high pressure to induce fractures in the shale that allow gas to rise to the surface for collection ...  1, record 9, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  3, record 9, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d’un puits de forage afin d’en augmenter la perméabilité et de permettre au gaz de s’échapper.  2, record 9, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fracturing of rock in an oil or gas reservoir by pumping a fluid under high pressure into the well.  6, record 10, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although various forms of fracturing exist, authors often use the term "fracturing," or any one of its derivatives: fracking, fraccing or fracing (all pronounced "fracking"), in the sense of "hydraulic fracturing."  7, record 10, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé qui consiste à créer artificiellement, par pression hydraulique, des fractures afin d’augmenter la perméabilité au voisinage d’un puits.  3, record 10, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para inducir caudal en pozos de petróleo por inyección de agua a aguas saladas bajo presión en el estrato petrolífero.  1, record 10, Spanish, - fracturaci%C3%B3n%20hidr%C3%A1ulica

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Oil produced from organic-rich shales or from low permeability sandstone, siltstone, limestone or dolostone reservoirs.  4, record 11, English, - tight%20oil

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pétrole produit à partir du schiste riche en matière organique ou de grès, de silt, de calcaire et de dolomies de faible perméabilité.  2, record 11, French, - p%C3%A9trole%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] le gaz de schiste, le gaz de réservoir étanche et le pétrole de réservoir étanche font référence aux ressources non traditionnelles provenant de réservoirs à faible perméabilité qui sont exploitées en utilisant des puits horizontaux et la fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes.  1, record 11, French, - p%C3%A9trole%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pétrole de réservoir compact : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2018.  4, record 11, French, - p%C3%A9trole%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] existen los crudos no convencionales, como el shale oil (petróleo de esquistos) o tight oil (petróleo de formaciones compactas). Igualmente, se incluyen en este tipo de recursos los crudos extrapesados y las arenas bituminosas [...]  4, record 11, Spanish, - petr%C3%B3leo%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El petróleo compacto [...] es un crudo de esquistos contenido por formaciones de poca permeabilidad [...]  3, record 11, Spanish, - petr%C3%B3leo%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural gas from very low permeability reservoirs is often referred to as "tight gas" and requires special stimulation before commercial rates of production can be achieved.  5, record 12, English, - tight%20gas

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tight gas refers to natural gas [accumulated in] reservoirs locked in extraordinarily impermeable, hard rock, making the underground formation extremely "tight."  6, record 12, English, - tight%20gas

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz naturel qui est difficile à extraire de la roche dans laquelle il est piégé, en raison de la faible perméabilité de celle-ci.  7, record 12, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le gaz de réservoir étanche désigne une composante du gaz classique qui est produite à partir de réservoirs de faible perméabilité. Généralement, les réservoirs de gaz étanches n’ont pas de voies de cheminement naturelles suffisantes à travers le roc pour que le gaz naturel rejoigne le puits de forage; ils ont donc besoin d’une forme de stimulation artificielle pour créer ces voies de cheminement.  8, record 12, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[…] le gaz de schiste, le gaz de réservoir étanche et le pétrole de réservoir étanche font référence aux ressources non traditionnelles provenant de réservoirs à faible perméabilité qui sont exploitées en utilisant des puits horizontaux et la fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes.  9, record 12, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pétrole de réservoir compact : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2018.  10, record 12, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gas natural contenido en rocas muy compactas, areniscas y/o calizas, con valores de permeabilidad matricial muy bajos.  4, record 12, Spanish, - gas%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] el gas [...] ha migrado desde la roca madre y se encuentra contenido en microfracturas y en la escasa porosidad matricial de la roca [reservorio].  4, record 12, Spanish, - gas%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources ... has been extremely active in encouraging the responsible development of [Canada's] unconventional hydrocarbon resources, focusing on shale gas, light tight oil, gas hydrates, natural gas from coal, tight gas sands and carbonates.  1, record 13, English, - unconventional%20hydrocarbon%20resource

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... coal-bed methane, shale gas, fractured reservoirs, tight oil, oil shales, tight gas, and gas hydrates are all considered unconventional resources ...  5, record 13, English, - unconventional%20hydrocarbon%20resource

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

unconventional hydrocarbon resource; unconventional resource; non-conventional hydrocarbon resource; non-conventional resource: terms usually used in the plural.  6, record 13, English, - unconventional%20hydrocarbon%20resource

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les ressources non classiques désignent les hydrocarbures emprisonnés dans les couches peu perméables du bassin sédimentaire, dont la mise en valeur passe par la fracturation hydraulique ainsi que les sables bitumineux dans lesquels les hydrocarbures se présentent sous forme visqueuse ou solide, intimement liés à du sable et de l'argile.  3, record 13, French, - ressource%20en%20hydrocarbures%20non%20classiques

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ressource en hydrocarbures non classiques; ressource d’hydrocarbures non classiques; ressource non classique; ressource en hydrocarbures non conventionnels; ressource d’hydrocarbures non conventionnels; ressource non conventionnelle : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  7, record 13, French, - ressource%20en%20hydrocarbures%20non%20classiques

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los recursos no convencionales son hidrocarburos que se encuentran en unas condiciones que no permiten el movimiento del fluido, bien por estar atrapados en rocas poco permeables o por tratarse de petróleos de muy alta viscosidad.  2, record 13, Spanish, - recurso%20de%20hidrocarburos%20no%20convencionales

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

recurso de hidrocarburos no convencionales; recurso no convencional: términos utilizados generalmente en plural.  3, record 13, Spanish, - recurso%20de%20hidrocarburos%20no%20convencionales

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rock formation with low permeability and porosity containing an accumulation of oil.  2, record 14, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The percentage of pore volume ... within the rock is generally less than 30% and in tight oil reservoirs is commonly less than 10%.  3, record 14, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tight oil reservoirs typically require the combination of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing to establish sufficient fluid flow to achieve economic rates of recovery.  4, record 14, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réservoirs étanches de pétrole exigent généralement que l'on combine les techniques de forage horizontal et de fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes pour obtenir des taux de production rentables.  2, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche%20de%20p%C3%A9trole

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The phenomenon of] earthquakes caused by human activities.  1, record 15, English, - induced%20seismicity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Such] earthquakes [can be] triggered by mining, dams, underground nuclear tests and waste-water injection.  1, record 15, English, - induced%20seismicity

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La sismicité est dite induite lorsque l'activité humaine produit un mouvement sur une faille dormante. Elle peut être due au retrait de matériaux au cours de l'exploitation minière par exemple, ou bien liée à l'addition de fluide qui vont lubrifier une zone de failles dans le cas de la fracturation hydraulique.  1, record 15, French, - sismicit%C3%A9%20induite

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The use of explosives in rock breaking.  3, record 16, English, - shooting

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shooting has now largely been replaced by formation fracturing.  4, record 16, English, - shooting

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de stimulation de la production supplantée maintenant par la fracturation hydraulique mais encore utilisée dans les formations peu profondes.  2, record 16, French, - torpillage

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle «torpillage» l’opération qui consiste à faire éclater une forte charge d’explosif dans le forage : 20 à 30 m sont nécessaires entre la charge et le sabot et la dernière colonne. On peut ainsi : - sectionner une colonne, - refouler dans les parois du forage le poisson qu’on ne peut pas retirer, - briser la partie inférieure du train de sonde.  3, record 16, French, - torpillage

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A reservoir] that has a high resistance to fluid flow.  2, record 17, English, - low%20permeability%20reservoir

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la fracturation hydraulique est maintenant la technique de stimulation la plus utilisée. Elle obtient beaucoup de succès et s’applique généralement aux puits forésdans des réservoirs de faible perméabilité pour augmenter le taux de production.  2, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20de%20faible%20perm%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  2, record 18, English, - natural%20fracture

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de la fracturation hydraulique consiste à envoyer dans le puits un mélange d’eau et de sable sous forte pression, afin de provoquer des fractures dans la roche à travers le tubage du puits, préalablement perforé sur certains segments pour assurer la communication avec la formation géologique, ou d’agrandir les fractures naturelles de la roche. Les grains de sable qui s’insèrent dans les fractures ainsi créées les empêchent de se refermer ultérieurement quand la pression se relâche.  3, record 18, French, - fracture%20naturelle

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... by creating an artificial fracture, individual molecules that are a long distance from the well can find their way to the fracture, and once there, can travel quickly through the fracture to the well.  2, record 19, English, - artificial%20fracture

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le principe de la fracturation hydraulique est] de créer des fissures artificielles pour déloger le gaz de sa matrice [...]  2, record 19, French, - fracture%20artificielle

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The casing protects aquifers during production, when gas is flowing up the wellbore, as well as during completion operations, such as hydraulic fracturing. ... The cemented casing isolates aquifers from the wellbore.  2, record 20, English, - cemented%20casing

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tubage de puits protège les formations aquifères pendant la production, lorsque le gaz circule vers le puits de forage, ainsi que pendant la complétion des opérations, comme au moment de la fracturation hydraulique. [...] Le tubage cimenté isole complètement les formations aquifères des puits de forage.  2, record 20, French, - tubage%20ciment%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas des ouvrages de captage de type ouvert aménagés dans les formations aquifères rocheuses, la fracturation hydraulique ou l'hydrofracturation peut être appliquée pour augmenter le débit d’un puits colmaté ou non.  2, record 21, French, - puits%20colmat%C3%A9

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The solidification of magma or lava usually involves a joining of ions to produce crystalline solids, a process called crystallization.  2, record 23, English, - crystallization

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Metasomatism is initiated by the separation of a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid released by crystallization and hydrofracturing of the pluton ...  3, record 23, English, - crystallization

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène par lequel se produit la formation d’un cristal selon un des processus suivants : 1 - refroidissement d’un corps en fusion [...]  2, record 23, French, - cristallisation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le métasomatisme est amorcé par la séparation d’un fluide magmatique-hydrothermal libéré par la cristallisation et la fracturation hydraulique du pluton.  3, record 23, French, - cristallisation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formación de cristales.  1, record 23, Spanish, - cristalizaci%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrothermal fluids, released by crystallization and hydrofracturing of the pluton, infiltrated stratigraphic and structural channelways to react with calcareous host rock and calc-silicate hornfels to form prograde skarn.  1, record 24, English, - stratigraphic%20channelway

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fluides hydrothermaux, libérés par la cristallisation et la fracturation hydraulique du pluton, se sont infiltrés par les voies stratigraphiques et structurales, puis ont réagi avec les roches hôtes calcareuses ainsi qu'avec les cornéennes calco-silicatées pour former des skarns d’altération prograde.  1, record 24, French, - voie%20stratigraphique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The main stage of prograde skarn formation begins as the crystallizing magma releases hydrothermal fluid through conduits developed by hydrofracturing of the crystallized outer portion of the pluton and hornfels.  1, record 25, English, - prograde%20skarn%20formation

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La phase principale de formation des skarns par altération prograde commence lorsque le magma en voie de cristallisation laisse s’échapper des fluides hydrothermaux dans des conduits produits par fracturation hydraulique dans la portion externe déjà cristallisée du pluton et les cornéennes encaissantes.  1, record 25, French, - formation%20de%20skarns%20par%20alt%C3%A9ration%20prograde

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Metasomatism is initiated by the separation of a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid released by crystallization and hydrofracturing of the pluton, and this aqueous fluid may combine with metamorphic waters to transport Fe, Mg, Si, Al, and base metal cations and sulphur.  1, record 26, English, - aqueous%20fluid

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le métasomatisme est amorcé par la séparation d’un fluide magmatique-hydrothermal libéré par la cristallisation et la fracturation hydraulique du pluton. Ce fluide aqueux peut se combiner aux eaux métamorphiques pour transporter des cations de Fe, Mg, Si, Al et de métaux communs ainsi que du soufre.  1, record 26, French, - fluide%20aqueux

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A surface mining technique in which mineral deposits are removed by a large jet of water under high pressure.  7, record 27, English, - hydraulic%20mining

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It requires an enormous supply of water together with a means of recovering the ore from the rock-water slurry produced.  7, record 27, English, - hydraulic%20mining

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération de désintégration de la roche par application d’un jet (d’eau) sous forte pression sur le front à abattre.  2, record 27, French, - abattage%20hydraulique

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Abattage hydraulique. L'infusion d’eau sous pression dans le massif de charbon pour l'attendrir et diminuer les poussières soulevées par l'abattage est devenue de pratique courante [...] On fore dans le front de taille des trous analogues à des trous de mine et dans lesquels on introduit une canne creuse raccordée à une canalisation d’eau sous pression. Le but recherché était, au début, d’humidifier le charbon, mais on s’est aperçu qu'avec une forte pression d’eau on créait une fracturation qui facilitait l'abattage.  6, record 27, French, - abattage%20hydraulique

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette opération est utilisée généralement pour les matériaux tendres ou pour l’exploitation des résidus miniers.  7, record 27, French, - abattage%20hydraulique

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An operation designed to loosen or break up tight formations which contain oil or gas, thus causing such formations to have more permeability and greater production.  1, record 28, English, - sandfracing

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This operation involved the injection of a mixture or blend of crude oil and sand into the producing formation under high pressure by means of pressure pumps, followed by injections of rubberized nylon balls to seal off the fractured formation.  1, record 28, English, - sandfracing

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fracturation hydraulique utilisant de l'huile brute comme fluide de fracturation et du sable comme agent de soutènement de la fracture créée.  1, record 28, French, - fracturation%20au%20sable

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Injection of steam at the bottom of the reservoir may be effective in reducing override severity but only when ... no bottom water zone is present (since bottom water forms an easy conduit for the steam).  1, record 29, English, - easy%20conduit

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fait que le réservoir soit stratifié ou même qu’il contienne des hétérogénéités importantes non organisées, favorise l’emprunt par la vapeur de chemins préférentiels.  1, record 29, French, - chemin%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la fracturation hydraulique risque de créer des fissures trop profondes qui seront des voies de cheminements préférentiels et compromettront l'efficacité de balayage.  1, record 29, French, - chemin%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de fracturation hydraulique, réservé aux formations peu perméables, permettant d’obtenir, par l'injection d’un fluide à viscosité très élevée, des fractures de grande dimension(2 000 mètres).  3, record 30, French, - fracturation%20massive

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geothermal hydro-fracturing is an art still in its infancy.  1, record 31, English, - geothermal%20hydro%2Dfracturing

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Propping agent ... serves to keep fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 32, English, - keep%20open

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

By this technique [fracturing] the formation is "cracked" and the fissures are propped open by pumping walnut shells, glass balls or similar propping agents into the formation.  2, record 32, English, - keep%20open

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation.[...] Les fissures sont maintenues ouvertes par l’introduction, en même temps que le liquide de fracturation, d’un sable ou de corps de granulométrie précise.  2, record 32, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Agent de soulèvement [...] utilisé lors d’une fracturation hydraulique pour maintenir ouvertes les fractures de la formation [...]  3, record 32, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two forms of injection into deep geologic formations that have been suggested or used for LLW disposal: hydrofracture and deep well injection. Both methods are primarily useful only for liquid or finely ground wastes. They both take precautions to prevent contaminating useful aquifers by carefully selecting the geologic formations into which the waste is injected. Hydrofracture disposal also uses a very insoluble waste form. Generally, hydrofracture involves injection of a mixture of waste and liquid grouting materials under high pressure into a deep layered rock formation such as shale. The injected material causes layers of rock to separate and the material forms flat "sheets" extending out from the injection well. The grout causes some surface uplift near the injection well.  1, record 33, English, - hydrofracture%20disposal

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Because of difficulty in transporting liquid wastes safely, the hydrofracture facility must be located near the source of the waste. A hydrofracture site requires large, generally impermeable (to nearby aquifers) layered formations that fracture horizontally. The surface area needed and visual impact of a hydrofracture facility are relatively small. Major barriers to nuclide release are the grout (waste form) and the geologic formation used. Perhaps the greatest problem with hydraulic injection is that there is little control of fracture propagation and it is not possible to define the final geometry of the grout/waste sheets from the surface.  2, record 33, English, - hydrofracture%20disposal

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Hydrofracturing would not be appropriate for Eldorado wastes because of the large volume of waste and the questionable ability to dry and pulverize it to the necessary fineness (40 mesh or smaller).  2, record 33, English, - hydrofracture%20disposal

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of difficulty in transporting liquid wastes safely, the hydrofracture facility must be located near the source of the waste. A hydrofracture site requires large, generally impermeable (to nearby aquifers) layered formations that fracture horizontally. The surface area needed and visual impact of a hydrofracture facility are relatively small. Major barriers to nuclide release are the grout (waste form) and the geologic formation used. Perhaps the greatest problem with hydraulic injection is that there is little control of fracture propagation and it is not possible to define the final geometry of the grout/waste sheets from the surface.  2, record 34, English, - hydrofracture%20facility

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

At Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the US Department of Energy has used hydrofracturing in shale formations for disposal of some liquid wastes. However, monitoring revealed that radionuclides are moving from the hydrofracture facility faster than expected and that operation has been stopped.  3, record 34, English, - hydrofracture%20facility

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «fracturation hydraulique».  2, record 34, French, - installation%20de%20fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two forms of injection into deep geologic formations that have been suggested or used for LLW disposal: hydrofracture and deep well injection. ... Generally, hydrofracture involves injection of a mixture of waste and liquid grouting materials under high pressure into a deep layered rock formation such as shale. The injected material causes layers of rock to separate and the material forms flat "sheets" extending out from the injection well. The grout causes some surface uplift near the injection well. Hydrofracture has been used at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory since the 1960's to dispose of intermediate level liquid radioactive wastes. Hydrofracture tests were also conducted at West Valley ....  1, record 35, English, - hydrofracture%20test

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of difficulty in transporting liquid wastes safely, the hydrofracture facility must be located near the source of the waste. A hydrofracture site requires large, generally impermeable (to nearby aquifers) layered formations that fracture horizontally. The surface area needed and visual impact of a hydrofracture facility are relatively small. Major barriers to nuclide release are the grout (waste form) and the geologic formation used. Perhaps the greatest problem with hydraulic injection is that there is little control of fracture propagation and it is not possible to define the final geometry of the grout/waste sheets from the surface.  1, record 36, English, - hydrofracture%20site

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "hydrofracture disposal" and "hydrofracture facility".  2, record 37, English, - hydrofracturing%20in%20shale%20formations

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish