TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dolly Varden use a variety of habitats ... During winter, they occur in upstream reaches of river systems that do not freeze completely (fish holes) primarily because of discharging groundwater. ... The fish hole habitats are used for spawning, rearing and overwintering.  1, record 1, English, - fish%20hole

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les Dolly Varden utilisent une variété d’habitats [...] En hiver, on les retrouve dans les tronçons en amont des réseaux hydrographiques qui ne gèlent pas totalement(fosses à poissons), principalement en raison du débit des eaux souterraines. [...] Les habitats des fosses à poissons sont utilisés pour la fraie, la croissance et l'hivernage.  1, record 1, French, - fosse%20%C3%A0%20poissons

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... mobile hydroacoustic surveys coupled with the geostatistical probability mapping [provide] an objective, repeatable measure of the spatial extent of the [fish] aggregation. Estimates such as these are valuable when establishing boundaries for reserves or area closures during spawning seasons, and in estimating overall fish abundance ...  2, record 2, English, - mobile%20hydroacoustic%20sampling

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La répartition spatiale des [poissons] géniteurs dans la [rivière] Rupert a été déterminée au moyen d’un échantillonnage hydroacoustique mobile […] juste avant la fraie. La frayère […] a été divisée en trois secteurs d’inventaire […]  1, record 2, French, - %C3%A9chantillonnage%20hydroacoustique%20mobile

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapprochement sexuel chez les espèces à fécondation externe (p. ex. les poissons, les moules, les huîtres).  4, record 3, French, - fraie

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graph of the progeny of a spawning at the time they reach a specified age (for example, the age at which half of the brood has become vulnerable to fishing), plotted against the abundance of the stock that produced them.  3, record 4, English, - recruitment%20curve

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation graphique de la progéniture d’une fraie, au moment de l'atteinte d’un âge particulier(par exemple l'âge auquel la moitié de la progéniture est devenue vulnérable à la pêche), par rapport à l'abondance du stock qui l'a produite.  2, record 4, French, - courbe%20de%20recrutement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A place where animals (such as fish or frogs) go to lay eggs [for fertilization.]  5, record 5, English, - spawning%20ground

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

spawning ground: term used by Parks Canada.  6, record 5, English, - spawning%20ground

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone d’un biotope aquatique d’eau douce ou marin qui constitue les lieux de reproduction (fécondation et ponte) d’une espèce [...]  7, record 5, French, - fray%C3%A8re

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

frayère : terme en usage à Parcs Canada.  8, record 5, French, - fray%C3%A8re

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Batch (or fractional) spawning is widespread among fishes ... The phenomenon is defined as spawning more than once during a spawning season as opposed to spawning only once in a relatively short period ...  4, record 6, English, - batch%20spawning

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exact time of fall spawning varies from lake to lake but usually occurs from late September to early December ...  3, record 7, English, - fall%20spawning

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

total spawning is a clear necessity for those species that show strong parental care ... but is also present in species laying eggs on protected areas ...  3, record 8, English, - total%20spawning

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les pontes peuvent être massives ou diffuses, selon que les différentes populations fraient ensemble ou les unes après les autres et que les individus se vident complètement ou non de leurs produits sexuels (frai total ou partiel)  1, record 8, French, - frai%20total

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the main modes of egg dispersal in fish is demersal spawning. Fish with this mode of spawning produce eggs that usually remain in direct contact with the substrate, either attached to a solid surface or spawned in small caves as gelatinous masses.  1, record 9, English, - demersal%20spawning

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le capelan a deux modes de frai (le frai sur la plage et le frai démersal) qui sont précédés par des migrations à grande échelle vers les eaux côtières et intertidales.  2, record 9, French, - frai%20d%C3%A9mersal

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most reef fishes produce eggs that are fertilized externally ... males and females release eggs and sperm directly into the water column (pelagic spawning), in pairs or groups, or eggs are fertilized and remain on the substrate (demersal spawning) until hatching.  2, record 10, English, - pelagic%20spawning

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One advantage of spring spawning is that biological systems are coming back to life after the dormancy of winter. Fresh plankton blooms fed by spring runoff give larval fish plenty to eat so they can grow rapidly.  2, record 11, English, - spring%20spawning

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A terminal fishery for salmon generally refers to fishing in the river close to where the fish spawn, although it is sometimes used more broadly to refer to in-river fisheries beyond the estuaries.  2, record 12, English, - terminal%20fishery

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pêche terminale, dans le cas du saumon, signifie habituellement celle effectuée à proximité du point d’une rivière où le poisson fraie, bien qu'on emploie parfois ce terme pour décrire de façon générale la pêche en amont des estuaires.  2, record 12, French, - p%C3%AAche%20terminale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ya sea mediante el uso de la identificación de poblaciones genéticas para informar la gestión pesquera durante la temporada, o el resurgimiento de las pesquerías terminales de salmón por parte de las Primeras Naciones, hay muchas formas en que las pesquerías de salmón podrían aumentar su capacidad para apuntar a poblaciones específicas.  1, record 12, Spanish, - pesquer%C3%ADa%20terminal

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water temperature is an important factor in river ascent by returning adults, together with river discharge … Dependent upon the location of the population, adult salmon ascend spawning streams [when optimum] temperature for egg fertilization and incubation [occurs].  2, record 13, English, - spawning%20stream

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température de l'eau, tout comme le débit fluvial, est un important facteur pour la remonte des adultes dans leur cours d’eau natal […] Selon le lieu, les saumons adultes remontent les cours d’eau de fraie lorsque [la] température [est] optimale pour la fécondation et l'incubation des œufs […]  1, record 13, French, - cours%20d%26rsquo%3Beau%20de%20fraie

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Induced spawning involves assessing the gonadal maturity of breeders, inducing ovulation or spermiation, and fertilizing the eggs of the females.  1, record 14, English, - induced%20spawning

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des méthodes d’induction de la période de frai [du bar] sont couramment utilisées en vue de synchroniser la production d’œufs et des spermatozoïdes matures. Chez les poissons, ces méthodes sont généralement basées sur des traitements hormonaux [qui permettent] le contrôle de nombreux aspects du développement des gonades, y compris la croissance et la maturation des ovocytes, l’ovulation et la ponte. Ce protocole présente une procédure générale applicable aux mâles et aux femelles reproducteurs pour l’induction du frai […]  3, record 14, French, - induction%20du%20frai

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El desove inducido de Rhamdia sapo por medio de extractos hipofisarios de sábalo fue positivo, mientras que el resultado fue negativo al utilizar gonadotropina coriónica animal, probablemente por las bajas dosis empleadas.  1, record 14, Spanish, - desove%20inducido

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

… in the hatchery setting, adult fish are killed humanely prior to ... artificial spawning ... The females are sliced open, the eggs are removed and milt (sperm) from a male is squeezed into the bucket of eggs. The fertilized eggs are disinfected, then placed into incubation trays where a continuous flow of well oxygenated water will move past the eggs while the eggs develop into alevin and then free-swimming fry.  2, record 15, English, - artificial%20spawning

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[En los peces,] el desove artificial consiste en sacar los huevos de la hembra y el esperma del macho para, a continuación, realizar la fecundación.  1, record 15, Spanish, - desove%20artificial

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In all Pacific salmon, the spawning run is a time of anorexia, elevated energy expenditure, and extensive gonadal growth ...  4, record 16, English, - spawning%20migration

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artificial spawning channels are built adjacent to salmon rivers, directing a controlled flow of water over extensive gravel spawning beds. The rate of flow and water depth is set to create ideal spawning conditions.  1, record 17, English, - artificial%20spawning%20channel

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frayère [artificielle] construite avec un gravier spécial et munie d’une circulation d’eau.  2, record 17, French, - chenal%20de%20ponte

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of the year in which various fish species are sexually active.  4, record 18, English, - spawning%20season

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de l’année dans laquelle diverses espèces de poisson sont sexuellement actives.  2, record 18, French, - saison%20de%20fraie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A shelter or substrate alteration made by an aquaculturist to enhance spawning.  1, record 19, English, - artificial%20nest

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abri que l’aquaculteur aménage à même le substrat dans le but de favoriser la ponte.  2, record 19, French, - nid%20artificiel

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Induction de la fraie par pose de nids artificiels. Des nids artificiels en forme de tente sont amarrés dans de petits bassins dont le fond est damé.  3, record 19, French, - nid%20artificiel

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The number of males around a spawning female was very small ... over the spawning ground and period, suggesting that a competitive male could effectively chase subordinate males away from a spawning female. A few males attempted to sneak near the oviposition site of females …, while some males adopted sneaking tactics in the initial phase of females' spawning ...  2, record 20, English, - spawning%20female

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No acoustic activity from the spawning male accompanied the departure of the spawning female from the nest. Whether acoustic activity also takes place in the prespawning stage (when the male allows the ripe female into his nest without chasing her away) remains to be answered.  2, record 21, English, - spawning%20male

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... three … pairs were used for natural spawning … Matings were performed in triplicate. For matings ..., semen from each male was used to individually fertilize oocytes from each female.  2, record 22, English, - natural%20spawning

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le comportement reproducteur varie selon les différentes espèces de poisson-chat. […] Pour le frai naturel, on laisse un couple de poissons-chats dans un étang contenant une zone de nidification adéquate.  1, record 22, French, - frai%20naturel

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sexual dimorphism, or differences in shape, is most prominent in capelin during the spawning season. At this time, the males possess a distinct mid-lateral ridge, called the spawning ridge, which is formed by the elongation of the scales and the swelling of the musculature in that vicinity.  1, record 23, English, - spawning%20ridge

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[…] des carènes de fraie, constituées d’une rangée d’écailles allongées, apparaissent juste au-dessus de la ligne latérale, des deux côtés du corps.  1, record 23, French, - car%C3%A8ne%20de%20fraie

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Messieh et al. (1991) report egg mortality when sediment was dumped in herring spawning grounds.  1, record 24, English, - egg%20mortality

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Messieh et al.(1991) ont par ailleurs observé que le dépôt de sédiments sur les aires de fraie du Hareng entraîne des mortalités chez les œufs.  1, record 24, French, - mortalit%C3%A9%20chez%20les%20%26oelig%3Bufs

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High suspended solids concentrations have two types of impacts on fish: direct impacts on fish present (clogging of gills, abrasion of membranes, impacts on growth and survival of eggs and larvae, impacts on diet, reproduction and migration and synergistic effects); and indirect impacts (deterioration of spawning beds and disappearance of sources of food -- benthos and plankton).  1, record 25, English, - clogging%20of%20gills

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En ce qui concerne les poissons, les effets de concentrations élevées de matières en suspension sont de deux types : effets directs sur les organismes en présence(colmatage des branchies, abrasion de membranes, effets sur la croissance et la survie des œufs et des larves, effets sur le régime alimentaire, la reproduction et la migration, ainsi que les effets synergiques) ;effets indirects(dégradation des lits de fraie et disparition de sources de nourriture-benthos et plancton).  1, record 25, French, - colmatage%20des%20branchies

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High suspended solids concentrations have two types of impacts on fish: direct impacts on fish present (clogging of gills, abrasion of membranes, impacts on growth and survival of eggs and larvae, impacts on diet, reproduction and migration and synergistic effects); and indirect impacts (deterioration of spawning beds and disappearance of sources of food -- benthos and plankton).  1, record 26, English, - abrasion%20of%20membrane

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En ce qui concerne les poissons, les effets de concentrations élevées de matières en suspension sont de deux types : effets directs sur les organismes en présence(colmatage des branchies, abrasion de membranes, effets sur la croissance et la survie des œufs et des larves, effets sur le régime alimentaire, la reproduction et la migration, ainsi que les effets synergiques) ;effets indirects(dégradation des lits de fraie et disparition de sources de nourriture-benthos et plancton).  1, record 26, French, - abrasion%20de%20membrane

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mastoiditis in which the pus has escaped into the digastric groove and formed an abscess deep to the upper fibers of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.  2, record 27, English, - Bezold%27s%20mastoiditis

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflammation suppurative de l'apophyse mastoïde dont le pus se fraie une voie à l'extérieur au niveau de l'apex mastoïdien et fuse à l'intérieur du muscle sterno-cléido-mastoïdien.  3, record 27, French, - masto%C3%AFdite%20de%20Bezold

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden in Great Britain ... in the River Thames by an Act of Parliament.  2, record 28, English, - kipper%20time

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

kipper: A male salmon or sea trout during or just after the spawning season. Usually a salmon seriously out of condition with up to half its weight lost.  2, record 28, English, - kipper%20time

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période où la pêche au saumon est interdite en Grande-Bretagne, plus particulièrement dans la Tamise.  1, record 28, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20p%C3%AAche%20au%20saumon%20interdite

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme anglais «kipper» désigne un saumon mâle en période de fraie ou juste après cette période. Durant cette période, le saumon est relativement fragilisé et ne pèse généralement que la moitié de son poids normal.  1, record 28, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20p%C3%AAche%20au%20saumon%20interdite

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Are there any statistics, is there anything historically, that would indicate a stock that has gone down to 1% of its spawning size, biomass, has ever recovered?  1, record 29, English, - spawning%20size

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Y a-t-il des statistiques, y a-t-il des données qui prouvent qu’un stock ayant été réduit à 1 p. 100 de sa taille de frai, la biomasse, se soit jamais rétabli?  1, record 29, French, - taille%20de%20fraie

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Main potential negative impacts of dredging are as follows: increase in turbidity, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand; dispersal of nutrients or contaminants; decrease in dissolved oxygen; blanketing of benthic fauna; migration of contaminated sediment; temporary decrease in photosynthesis; decrease in fish habitat; and silting of spawning grounds.  2, record 31, English, - dispersal%20of%20nutrients

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les effets négatifs potentiels du dragage sont principalement l'augmentation de la turbidité, de la concentration de matières en suspension(MES) et de la demande chimique en oxygène(DCO), la dispersion d’éléments nutritifs ou de polluants, la diminution de la teneur en oxygène dissous, l'enfouissement de la faune benthique, la migration des sédiments contaminés vers d’autres zones, la diminution temporaire de la photosynthèse, la diminution de la surface d’habitat pour les poissons et l'envasement des sites de fraie.  1, record 31, French, - dispersion%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments%20nutritifs

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fishing (commercial and sport) and hunting periods.  1, record 32, English, - hunting%20period

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Effectuer les travaux en évitant ou en considérant : les périodes de fraie et d’alevinage des poissons; les périodes critiques pour la migration et la nidification de la sauvagine; les périodes de pêche commerciale et sportive et de chasse; les périodes importantes pour les activités récréatives.  1, record 32, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20chasse

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Main potential negative impacts of dredging are as follows: increase in turbidity, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand; dispersal of nutrients or contaminants; decrease in dissolved oxygen; blanketing of benthic fauna; migration of contaminated sediment; temporary decrease in photosynthesis; decrease in fish habitat; and silting of spawning grounds.  1, record 33, English, - blanketing

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les effets négatifs potentiels du dragage sont principalement l'augmentation de la turbidité, de la concentration de matières en suspension(MES) et de la demande chimique en oxygène(DCO), la dispersion d’éléments nutritifs ou de polluants, la diminution de la teneur en oxygène dissous, l'enfouissement de la faune benthique, la migration des sédiments contaminés vers d’autres zones, la diminution temporaire de la photosynthèse, la diminution de la surface d’habitat pour les poissons et l'envasement des sites de fraie.  1, record 33, French, - enfouissement

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

DSM is already lookup to the twenty-first century with high performance plastics and tailor-made components for spearhead industries such as automation and telecommunications.  4, record 34, English, - spearhead%20industry

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Industrie qui innove, qui fraie la voie aux autres.  1, record 34, French, - industrie%20de%20pointe

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish