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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hatchery-origin fish that spawns naturally.  2, record 1, English, - hatchery%2Dorigin%20spawner

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que les indices d’abondance des géniteurs sauvages et des géniteurs d’écloseries soient à la hausse, l'opinion consensuelle des spécialistes indique que les plus récentes estimations du nombre total d’individus matures dans les trois sites où la fraye a été observée sont inférieures à 1 000.  2, record 1, French, - g%C3%A9niteur%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9closerie

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapprochement sexuel chez les espèces à fécondation externe (p. ex. les poissons, les moules, les huîtres).  4, record 2, French, - fraie

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A place where animals (such as fish or frogs) go to lay eggs [for fertilization.]  5, record 3, English, - spawning%20ground

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

spawning ground: term used by Parks Canada.  6, record 3, English, - spawning%20ground

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone d’un biotope aquatique d’eau douce ou marin qui constitue les lieux de reproduction (fécondation et ponte) d’une espèce [...]  7, record 3, French, - fray%C3%A8re

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

frayère : terme en usage à Parcs Canada.  8, record 3, French, - fray%C3%A8re

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Batch (or fractional) spawning is widespread among fishes ... The phenomenon is defined as spawning more than once during a spawning season as opposed to spawning only once in a relatively short period ...  4, record 4, English, - batch%20spawning

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exact time of fall spawning varies from lake to lake but usually occurs from late September to early December ...  3, record 5, English, - fall%20spawning

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

total spawning is a clear necessity for those species that show strong parental care ... but is also present in species laying eggs on protected areas ...  3, record 6, English, - total%20spawning

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les pontes peuvent être massives ou diffuses, selon que les différentes populations fraient ensemble ou les unes après les autres et que les individus se vident complètement ou non de leurs produits sexuels (frai total ou partiel)  1, record 6, French, - frai%20total

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most reef fishes produce eggs that are fertilized externally ... males and females release eggs and sperm directly into the water column (pelagic spawning), in pairs or groups, or eggs are fertilized and remain on the substrate (demersal spawning) until hatching.  2, record 7, English, - pelagic%20spawning

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the main modes of egg dispersal in fish is demersal spawning. Fish with this mode of spawning produce eggs that usually remain in direct contact with the substrate, either attached to a solid surface or spawned in small caves as gelatinous masses.  1, record 8, English, - demersal%20spawning

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le capelan a deux modes de frai (le frai sur la plage et le frai démersal) qui sont précédés par des migrations à grande échelle vers les eaux côtières et intertidales.  2, record 8, French, - frai%20d%C3%A9mersal

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One advantage of spring spawning is that biological systems are coming back to life after the dormancy of winter. Fresh plankton blooms fed by spring runoff give larval fish plenty to eat so they can grow rapidly.  2, record 9, English, - spring%20spawning

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multi-sea-winter salmon — A [salmon] that has spent at least two years at sea before returning to fresh water to spawn. Included are [first-time] spawners as well as previous spawners.  4, record 10, English, - multi%2Dsea%2Dwinter%20salmon

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] saumons [de grande taille] sont généralement des saumons pluribermarins qui retournent dans leur rivière natale pour frayer après [avoir passé] au moins deux hivers en mer ou qui ont frayé plus d’une fois.  7, record 10, French, - saumon%20pluribermarin

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The number of mature salmon that pass through[,] or escape[,] fisheries and return to fresh water to spawn.  3, record 11, English, - spawning%20escapement

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because all sockeye salmon die after spawning, and always in the same year that they attain maturity, the number of mature fish in the population is usually estimated as the number of fish that survive to spawn. In most populations, this is roughly equivalent to the numbers that survive coastal fisheries and reach their natal spawning habitat (called the "spawning escapement").  4, record 11, English, - spawning%20escapement

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] nombre de saumons adultes qui passent à travers[,] ou s’échappent[,] des pêches et retournent à l’eau douce pour frayer.  7, record 11, French, - %C3%A9chapp%C3%A9e%20de%20g%C3%A9niteurs

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Étant donné que tous les saumons rouges meurent après la fraye et toujours l'année même où ils atteignent la maturité, on estime habituellement le nombre de poissons adultes d’une population en considérant qu'il correspond au nombre de poissons qui survivent pour se reproduire. Dans la plupart des populations, ce nombre équivaut à peu près au nombre de poissons qui échappent aux pêches côtières et atteignent leur habitat de fraye natal(qu'on appelle «échappée de géniteurs»).  8, record 11, French, - %C3%A9chapp%C3%A9e%20de%20g%C3%A9niteurs

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water temperature is an important factor in river ascent by returning adults, together with river discharge … Dependent upon the location of the population, adult salmon ascend spawning streams [when optimum] temperature for egg fertilization and incubation [occurs].  2, record 12, English, - spawning%20stream

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température de l’eau, tout comme le débit fluvial, est un important facteur pour la remonte des adultes dans leur cours d’eau natal […] Selon le lieu, les saumons adultes remontent les cours d’eau de fraie lorsque [la] température [est] optimale pour la fécondation et l’incubation des œufs […]  1, record 12, French, - cours%20d%26rsquo%3Beau%20de%20fraie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Induced spawning involves assessing the gonadal maturity of breeders, inducing ovulation or spermiation, and fertilizing the eggs of the females.  1, record 13, English, - induced%20spawning

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des méthodes d’induction de la période de frai [du bar] sont couramment utilisées en vue de synchroniser la production d’œufs et des spermatozoïdes matures. Chez les poissons, ces méthodes sont généralement basées sur des traitements hormonaux [qui permettent] le contrôle de nombreux aspects du développement des gonades, y compris la croissance et la maturation des ovocytes, l’ovulation et la ponte. Ce protocole présente une procédure générale applicable aux mâles et aux femelles reproducteurs pour l’induction du frai […]  3, record 13, French, - induction%20du%20frai

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El desove inducido de Rhamdia sapo por medio de extractos hipofisarios de sábalo fue positivo, mientras que el resultado fue negativo al utilizar gonadotropina coriónica animal, probablemente por las bajas dosis empleadas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - desove%20inducido

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

… in the hatchery setting, adult fish are killed humanely prior to ... artificial spawning ... The females are sliced open, the eggs are removed and milt (sperm) from a male is squeezed into the bucket of eggs. The fertilized eggs are disinfected, then placed into incubation trays where a continuous flow of well oxygenated water will move past the eggs while the eggs develop into alevin and then free-swimming fry.  2, record 14, English, - artificial%20spawning

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[En los peces,] el desove artificial consiste en sacar los huevos de la hembra y el esperma del macho para, a continuación, realizar la fecundación.  1, record 14, Spanish, - desove%20artificial

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In all Pacific salmon, the spawning run is a time of anorexia, elevated energy expenditure, and extensive gonadal growth ...  4, record 15, English, - spawning%20migration

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artificial spawning channels are built adjacent to salmon rivers, directing a controlled flow of water over extensive gravel spawning beds. The rate of flow and water depth is set to create ideal spawning conditions.  1, record 16, English, - artificial%20spawning%20channel

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Frayère [artificielle] construite avec un gravier spécial et munie d’une circulation d’eau.  2, record 16, French, - chenal%20de%20ponte

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Groundwater is … cooler than typical summer temperatures, and warmer than typical winter temperatures, making groundwater all the more valuable for fish, and explaining why fish seek groundwater upwelling zones for egg incubation and overwintering, and through hot summer periods.  5, record 17, English, - groundwater%20upwelling%20zone

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The only significant habitat predictor was the size of the groundwater upwelling area, with a predicted decrease in coho density with increasing area.  2, record 17, English, - groundwater%20upwelling%20zone

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au moment de la fraye, l'omble de fontaine aurora recherche les zones de remontée d’eau souterraine pour y creuser son nid.  2, record 17, French, - zone%20de%20remont%C3%A9e%20des%20eaux%20souterraines

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of the year in which various fish species are sexually active.  4, record 18, English, - spawning%20season

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de l’année dans laquelle diverses espèces de poisson sont sexuellement actives.  2, record 18, French, - saison%20de%20fraie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The number of males around a spawning female was very small ... over the spawning ground and period, suggesting that a competitive male could effectively chase subordinate males away from a spawning female. A few males attempted to sneak near the oviposition site of females …, while some males adopted sneaking tactics in the initial phase of females' spawning ...  2, record 19, English, - spawning%20female

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No acoustic activity from the spawning male accompanied the departure of the spawning female from the nest. Whether acoustic activity also takes place in the prespawning stage (when the male allows the ripe female into his nest without chasing her away) remains to be answered.  2, record 20, English, - spawning%20male

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... three … pairs were used for natural spawning … Matings were performed in triplicate. For matings ..., semen from each male was used to individually fertilize oocytes from each female.  2, record 21, English, - natural%20spawning

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le comportement reproducteur varie selon les différentes espèces de poisson-chat. […] Pour le frai naturel, on laisse un couple de poissons-chats dans un étang contenant une zone de nidification adéquate.  1, record 21, French, - frai%20naturel

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A herring found in or taken from the waters of Subareas 6-1.8-13, 8-14 and 8-15 during the period beginning on May 1 and ending on June 30.  1, record 22, English, - roe%20herring

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pacific Fishery Regulations.  1, record 22, English, - roe%20herring

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hareng trouvé ou pris dans les eaux des sous-secteurs 6-1, 8-13, 8-14, et 8-15 pendant la période de 1er mai au 30 juin.  1, record 22, French, - hareng%20pr%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20frayer

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Règlement de pêche du Pacifique.  1, record 22, French, - hareng%20pr%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20frayer

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hareng rogué : Se dit d’un poisson femelle qui contient des œufs.  2, record 22, French, - hareng%20pr%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20frayer

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hareng plein : Hareng qui n’ a pas encore frayé et qui a encore sa laitance ou ses œufs.  2, record 22, French, - hareng%20pr%C3%AAt%20%C3%A0%20frayer

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] fish that has not recovered from spawning.  3, record 23, English, - spent%20fish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A] fish which has recently completed spawning. Fat content and general condition is usually low. Most fish caught on spawning migrations are caught before they are spent.  4, record 23, English, - spent%20fish

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Poisson] qui n’ est pas rétabli de la fraye.  3, record 23, French, - poisson%20ayant%20fray%C3%A9

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La condition physique et le niveau de gras des poissons qui ont récemment frayé sont généralement plus faibles.  4, record 23, French, - poisson%20ayant%20fray%C3%A9

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To prepare a smooth easy way: facilitate the means.  1, record 24, English, - pave%20the%20way%20to

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pave the way: usually used with to or for.  1, record 24, English, - pave%20the%20way%20to

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] favoriser, par son action, l’avènement de quelque chose.  2, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La démarche de M. X a frayé la voie aux négociations.  2, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L’interdiction du commerce de l’alcool a pavé la voie à l’enrichissement d’un certain nombre de trafiquants devenus de respectables financiers.  3, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 CONT

C’est au politique de paver la voie à l’économique.  3, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Les Français pourraient [...] paver la voie à un gouvernement de cohabitation formé par Lionel Jospin.  3, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 5 CONT

La dictature du prolétariat a pavé le chemin vers un capitalisme d’État.  3, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour des renseignements plus complets sur les origines de chacune des expressions proposées, nous invitons le lecteur à consulter l’article de intitulé «paver la voie», paru dans «Mots de tête», vol. 35, numéro 2, 2002, page 16, et accessible dans TERMIUMPlus, sous la rubrique «Chroniques de langue» du menu «Outils d’aide à la rédaction». Le calque «paver la voie» apparaît de plus en plus souvent dans des documents de langue française d’origine autre que canadiens, et son emploi sera peut-être bientôt considéré comme acceptable.  4, record 24, French, - pr%C3%A9parer%20le%20terrain%20%C3%A0

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The capacity of regaining health after spawning.  1, record 25, English, - mending

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Remise en état d’un saumon qui a frayé.  1, record 25, French, - revitalisation

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A salmon that regains its health after spawning and is able to return to sea.  1, record 26, English, - mended%20salmon

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Saumon qui retrouve sa vitalité après avoir frayé et qui retourne à la mer.  1, record 26, French, - saumon%20revitalis%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Library of Parliament of Canada. Backgrounder, BP-240E.  1, record 27, English, - The%20Pathbreaking%20Politics%20of%20European%20Integration

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bibliothèque du Parlement du Canada. Étude générale, BP-240F.  1, record 27, French, - L%27int%C3%A9gration%20europ%C3%A9enne%20%3A%20la%20politique%20qui%20lui%20fraye%20la%20voie

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération qui consiste à remplir les ornières creusées par le passage répété des automobiles et, surtout, des camions lourds le long d'une voie de circulation.  1, record 29, English, - rut%20filling

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rut: a track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything.  2, record 29, English, - rut%20filling

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rut: a groove, furrow, or track, esp. one made in the ground by the passage of wheeled vehicles.  3, record 29, English, - rut%20filling

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

frayée(n. f.) ou frayé(n. m.) : dégradation longitudinale produite sur une chaussée par la circulation.(Une frayée profonde est une ornière.)  2, record 29, French, - remplissage%20des%20fray%C3%A9es

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish