TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
INACTIVATION ENZYMES [11 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- thermoinactivation
1, record 1, English, thermoinactivation
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- thermal inactivation 2, record 1, English, thermal%20inactivation
correct
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Destruction of the power to act by exposure to heat. 1, record 1, English, - thermoinactivation
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
From a practical point of view, thermal inactivation is the most important mode of enzyme denaturation.... [Researchers have] demonstrated the linkage between conformational mobility enzyme specificity and the thermoinactivation process. 3, record 1, English, - thermoinactivation
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- inactivation thermique
1, record 1, French, inactivation%20thermique
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- thermoinactivation 2, record 1, French, thermoinactivation
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une utilisation importante de l'inactivation thermique est la suivante : soit une préparation biologique qui possède une double action enzymatique, sur deux substrats différents. On veut savoir si ceci est dû à deux enzymes différentes ou à une seule enzyme à double spécificité. On fait des courbes d’inactivation thermique en dosant pour chaque point les deux activités enzymatiques. Si les droites correspondant à ces activités coïncident, il y a des chances que l'on ait affaire à une seule enzyme. Sinon il est vraisemblable que des enzymes différentes catalysent ces réactions. Il ne faut pas oublier que le substrat exerce une action protectrice sur l'enzyme. 1, record 1, French, - inactivation%20thermique
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- covalently bound enzyme
1, record 2, English, covalently%20bound%20enzyme
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The entrapped enzymes should be differentiated into matrix-entrapped and microencapsulated enzymes, while the bound enzymes should be subdivided into adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes. It was recognized that most, but not necessarily all, immobilized enzyme systems will fit within this scheme.... In the case of covalently bound or cross-linked enzyme, the enzyme itself is probably the weakest chemical link in the system. Hence thermal, pH or inhibitor inactivation, which may not be apparent with "on-off" use of soluble enzyme in batch systems, may be very important when an enzyme is being used for extended periods. 2, record 2, English, - covalently%20bound%20enzyme
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- enzyme liée par covalence
1, record 2, French, enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Lorsque la température augmente, la molécule se déplie et le centre actif se désintègre, l'enzyme perd alors son activité catalytique. [Cependant, une] enzyme liée de manière convalente en plusieurs points à un support(...) résistera au processus de dépliement et donc à l'inactivation. Il a ainsi été possible de multiplier la stabilité par un facteur de 2 à 5 selon les enzymes. 1, record 2, French, - enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2011-01-12
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- deactivation kinetics
1, record 3, English, deactivation%20kinetics
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
When the deactivation is produced by a chemical, the points to be investigated are: (1) The modifications in the deactivation kinetics, as compared to thermal denaturation, in terms of mechanism, kinetic constants, characteristics of the distribution of intermediate structures; and (2) the extent of the enzyme stabilization by linear-chain polymers, if any... These effects have been shown for a wide variety of different enzymes and of stabilizing polymers as well. However, the results refer to single-step thermal deactivation kinetics: ... where N is the native enzyme and D is a totally inactive structure (possibly random coil). Deactivation kinetics other than irreversible first-order are followed quite commonly. Indeed, nonlinear log(activity) versus time curves have been often described in the literature. 2, record 3, English, - deactivation%20kinetics
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Because of technical constraints, the formula (s) given in CBT-167 could not be reproduced. 3, record 3, English, - deactivation%20kinetics
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- cinétique d’inactivation
1, record 3, French, cin%C3%A9tique%20d%26rsquo%3Binactivation
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans le cas d’un mélange d’enzymes, de même type d’action mais possédant une thermostabilité différente, la cinétique d’inactivation à une température donnée est biphasique. La première phase correspond à l'inactivation rapide de l'enzyme thermosensible, et la seconde à celle de l'enzyme thermostable. Cette propriété est fréquemment utilisée en enzymologie pour faire la différence entre les enzymes présentes dans un mélange. 1, record 3, French, - cin%C3%A9tique%20d%26rsquo%3Binactivation
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2010-09-15
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- heat stable enzyme
1, record 4, English, heat%20stable%20enzyme
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- thermostable enzyme 2, record 4, English, thermostable%20enzyme
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The use of heat stable enzymes can retard the staling of baked and leavened cereal products such as bread. A concentrated protective sugar medium has been developed to solubilize or disperse a fungal alpha-amylase enzyme before it is incorporated in a dough. This medium protects the enzymes against thermal denaturation, thereby enabling the enzyme to remain active during baking and until the starch of the dough becomes gelatinized and subject to enzyme attack. 2, record 4, English, - heat%20stable%20enzyme
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- enzyme thermostable
1, record 4, French, enzyme%20thermostable
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme relativement résistante à l'inactivation thermique. Dans le cas d’un mélange d’enzymes, de même type d’action mais possédant une thermostabilité différente, la cinétique d’inactivation à une température donnée est biphasique. La première phase correspond à l'inactivation rapide de l'enzyme thermosensible, et la seconde à celle de l'enzyme résistante à l'inactivation thermique. Cette propriété est fréquemment utilisée en enzymologie pour faire la différence entre les enzymes présentes dans un mélange. 2, record 4, French, - enzyme%20thermostable
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les enzymes thermostables clonées dans des organismes mésophiles permettent d’amplifier la productivité, et par choc thermique d’inactiver les activités contaminantes et donc de simplifier considérablement les coûts d’extraction et de purification. L’obtention d’une enzyme performante dans des conditions industrielles précises (temps d’action, température et concentration) est toujours une stratégie de compromis entre les énergies d’activation de la réaction catalytique et la dénaturation de l’enzyme. 3, record 4, French, - enzyme%20thermostable
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2007-11-15
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Breadmaking
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- enzyme inactivation
1, record 5, English, enzyme%20inactivation
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- inactivation of enzymes 2, record 5, English, inactivation%20of%20enzymes
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. 1, record 5, English, - enzyme%20inactivation
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Boulangerie
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- inactivation des enzymes
1, record 5, French, inactivation%20des%20enzymes
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. 2, record 5, French, - inactivation%20des%20enzymes
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
inactivation : Action ayant pour conséquence de faire perdre une propriété physiologique ou biologique à une substance donnée [...]. 3, record 5, French, - inactivation%20des%20enzymes
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Panificación
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- inactivación de enzimas
1, record 5, Spanish, inactivaci%C3%B3n%20de%20enzimas
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2004-10-20
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Chemical Engineering
- Bioengineering
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- polymerization
1, record 6, English, polymerization
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reaction in which a molecular weight is produced by successive additions to or condensations of a simpler compound; e.g., polystyrene may be produced from styrene, or rubber from isoprene, or a polynucleotide from a mononucleotides. 2, record 6, English, - polymerization
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Any of the various components of the type of mixture necessary to gel-entrap an enzyme by polymerization have the potential to denature the enzyme... The monomer, typically comprising 20 to 60% of the polymerization reaction mixture, is more likely to damage the enzyme than are the reaction initiating free radicals, which are present in low concentrations, usually 10-6M or less. While lowering the monomer concentration may result in less damage to the enzyme, it also frequently weakens the gel and decreases the amount of protein entrapped. 3, record 6, English, - polymerization
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Génie chimique
- Technique biologique
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- polymérisation
1, record 6, French, polym%C3%A9risation
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Réaction chimique au cours de laquelle un nombre plus ou moins grand de molécules de faible poids moléculaire (monomères) possédant, au moins, deux groupes fonctionnels, s’unissent pour former des composés de poids moléculaire élevé (polymères). 2, record 6, French, - polym%C3%A9risation
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Avec des rayonnements ionisants, il faut, pour obtenir une inactivation totale des enzymes, appliquer des doses élevées, [...] bien supérieures aux doses permettant d’obtenir une stérilisation ou radappertisation. [...] Cette propriété permet d’utiliser les radiations ionisantes(rayons gamma ou rayons cathodiques) pour stériliser des préparations enzymatiques ou encore pour accélérer certaines réactions de polymérisation dans la préparation des enzymes immobilisées. 3, record 6, French, - polym%C3%A9risation
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ingenieria química
- Bioingeniería
Record 6, Main entry term, Spanish
- polimerización
1, record 6, Spanish, polimerizaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 6, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reacción o serie de reacciones mediante las cuales numerosas moléculas pequeñas de un monómero son soldadas y forman moléculas gigantes de un polímero. 2, record 6, Spanish, - polimerizaci%C3%B3n
Record 7 - internal organization data 2003-11-10
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- allosteric site
1, record 7, English, allosteric%20site
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A topologically separate site of an enzyme which lacks catalytic activity but which can exert regulatory control over the active site. 2, record 7, English, - allosteric%20site
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- site allostérique
1, record 7, French, site%20allost%C3%A9rique
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- site régulateur 2, record 7, French, site%20r%C3%A9gulateur
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les enzymes allostériques possèdent deux types de site : le site actif qui se combine au substrat et qui catalyse la réaction enzymatique, les sites régulateurs qui peuvent se combiner à un effecteur, soit activateur, soit inhibiteur. Les deux types de site sont séparés sur la molécule. Dans certaines enzymes ils appartiennent même à des chaînes polypeptidiques différentes. La désensibilisation de l'enzyme résulte de l'inactivation des sites régulateurs. [...] Lorsqu'un inhibiteur allostérique se fixe au site allostérique, il se produit aussi une transition allostérique(également réversible), entraînant une modification au niveau du site actif, qui cette fois prend une conformation moins favorable à la fixation du substrat. 3, record 7, French, - site%20allost%C3%A9rique
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- sitio alostérico
1, record 7, Spanish, sitio%20alost%C3%A9rico
masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2003-05-09
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- cell-free extract
1, record 8, English, cell%2Dfree%20extract
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Solution obtained by rupturing cells and removing all particulate matter. 2, record 8, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Intracellular enzymes are usually released from inside the cell by mechanical or chemical disruption, or by permeabilization of the cell membrane so as to allow leakage. Common methods of cell disruption include high pressure homogenizers, ball mills, freeze-thawing, pH, temperature, or osmotic shocking, or enzyme digestion such as with lysozyme or the mixture of enzymes derived from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The resulting crude enzymically active preparations are then clarified free of remaining cells and cell debris by filtration or centrifugation... The resulting cell-free extracts can then be purified by a consecutive series of fractionation and concentration steps. These include ion-exchange chromatography and membrane techniques, such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. 3, record 8, English, - cell%2Dfree%20extract
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- extrait acellulaire
1, record 8, French, extrait%20acellulaire
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Extrait dépourvu des structures de la cellule intacte. [...] A partir de telles préparations, il devient possible d’accumuler des intermédiaires métaboliques en utilisant des inhibiteurs enzymatiques spécifiques par inactivation d’enzymes spécifiques ou par élimination ou inactivation de coenzymes indispensables. 2, record 8, French, - extrait%20acellulaire
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En 1897, la découverte par Buchner du fait que la cellule vivante per se n’est pas nécessaire à la fermentation fit faire un grand progrès à l’étude des étapes chimiques de ce processus. Il observa qu’un extrait acellulaire de levure était capable, par lui-même, de transformer le glucose en éthanol. 3, record 8, French, - extrait%20acellulaire
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- extracto libre de células
1, record 8, Spanish, extracto%20libre%20de%20c%C3%A9lulas
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2001-07-30
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Breadmaking
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- gluten protein denaturation
1, record 9, English, gluten%20protein%20denaturation
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. Wheat protein denaturation in dough starts at about 70 degrees C and proceeds to a point where the gas cell walls become fixed and expansion terminates. While internal crumb temperatures do not exceed 100 degrees C crust temperature reaches 195 degrees C. At this high temperature, complex browning reactions of the Maillard-type take place between reducing sugars and free amino acids. These reactions lead to the characteristic crust colour and substantially influence bread flavour. 1, record 9, English, - gluten%20protein%20denaturation
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Boulangerie
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- dénaturation de la protéine du gluten
1, record 9, French, d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
correct, feminine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. Les protéines du blé dans la pâte commencent à se dénaturer à 70 degrés C et cette réaction se poursuit jusqu'au moment où les parois des cellules de gaz deviennent fixes et où l'expansion s’arrête. Tandis que la température interne de la mie ne dépasse pas 100 degrés C, celle de la croûte s’élève jusqu'à 195 degrés C. A cette température élevée a lieu le brunissement par réaction de Maillard où se trouvent impliqués les sucs réducteurs et les amino-acides libres. Cette réaction confère à la croûte sa coloration caractéristique et contribue en grande partie à la saveur du pain. 1, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 1990-01-16
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- enzyme stabilisation
1, record 10, English, enzyme%20stabilisation
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- enzyme stabilization 2, record 10, English, enzyme%20stabilization
correct
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The problem of enzyme stabilisations ... is primarily concerned with restraining the enzyme from adopting other conformations than those that are optimal for (a) mutual access of substrate to its binding site on the enzyme (b) the continued ability of the enzyme to express its catalytic activity on the substrate at its active site and (c) the ability for the product or products of the reaction to freely diffuse, or be repelled from the binding site. 1, record 10, English, - enzyme%20stabilisation
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
There exist many cases when the use of a stabilizing polymeric carrier can dramatically affect the biological activity of enzymes: for example, their interaction with high-molecular-weight substrates or with cell surface receptors. Methods of enzyme stabilization also are available that do not require carriers, but instead depend on chemical modification or intramolecular crosslinking with bifunctional reagents. 3, record 10, English, - enzyme%20stabilisation
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- stabilisation des enzymes
1, record 10, French, stabilisation%20des%20enzymes
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les axes futurs les plus intéressants de la technologie enzymatique sont les suivants :-utilisation des propriétés non conventionnelles des enzymes;-élucidation des mécanismes moléculaires de l'inactivation enzymatique amenant au développement d’approches rationnelles de la stabilisation des enzymes;-catalyse enzymatique en présence de solvants organiques dans des conditions extrêmes;-conception de nouvelles molécules ayant des propriétés catalytiques par mutagénèse dirigée. 1, record 10, French, - stabilisation%20des%20enzymes
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 1989-12-21
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- irreversible inhibition
1, record 11, English, irreversible%20inhibition
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Irreversible inhibition occurs when the inhibitor molecule combines irreversibly with the enzyme, chemically modifying its structure and abolishing or greatly reducing its activity. An example is di-isopropylfluorosphosphate (DFP) which inhibits enzymes which have reactive serine groups in their active sites, such as acetylcholinesterase. Thus they act as probes of the active site and as nerve poisons. Another example is heavy metals such as lead or mercury which react with SH groups in the active site of enzymes. 1, record 11, English, - irreversible%20inhibition
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- inhibition irréversible
1, record 11, French, inhibition%20irr%C3%A9versible
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibition provoquée par des réactifs se combinant de façon covalente sur l'enzyme, comme c'est le cas avec les agents alcoylants ou le DFP. Les caractéristiques générales sont :-une action relativement lente, un temps de contact entre l'inhibiteur et l'enzyme étant nécessaire;-le degré d’inactivation(qui dépend de la quantité d’inhibiteur) n’ est pas affecté par la dilution ultérieure du milieu ou sa dialyse;-cette inhibition n’ est pas spécifique : par exemple, toutes les enzymes où un groupe OH de la sérine intervient dans la réaction sont inhibées par le DFP. 1, record 11, French, - inhibition%20irr%C3%A9versible
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’inhibition enzymatique peut être réversible ou irréversible. Il existe deux types importants d’inhibition réversible : compétitive et non compétitive. L’inhibition compétitive est provoquée par un composé dont la structure est semblable à celle du substrat. (...) Dans l’inhibition non compétitive, l’inhibiteur et le substrat n’ont pas de structures apparentées et l’inhibiteur se lie à un site différent de celui du substrat. (...) L’inhibition irréversible entraîne soit la dénaturation de l’enzyme, soit la formation d’une liaison covalente avec l’enzyme. 2, record 11, French, - inhibition%20irr%C3%A9versible
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
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