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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a protein produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS [central nervous system], is responsible for the structural integrity of myelin.  2, record 1, English, - myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

MOG : L’abréviation «MOG» provient du terme anglais «myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein».  2, record 1, French, - glycoprot%C3%A9ine%20oligodendrocytaire%20de%20la%20my%C3%A9line

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The white nervous tissue, constituting the conducting portion of the brain and spinal cord ...  3, record 2, English, - white%20matter

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... it is composed mostly of myelinated nerve fibers arranged in anterior, posterior, and lateral funiculi in the spinal cord and in a number of named fasciculi in the brain.  3, record 2, English, - white%20matter

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

white matter; substantia alba: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  4, record 2, English, - white%20matter

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La substance blanche [...] constitue la partie interne du cerveau et est constituée de faisceaux de fibres axonales entourées d’une gaine de myéline.  2, record 2, French, - substance%20blanche

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

substance blanche : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 2, French, - substance%20blanche

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

substantia alba : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 2, French, - substance%20blanche

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The inflammation of the white matter of the brain.  1, record 3, English, - leukoencephalitis

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflammation de la myéline(substance blanche du cerveau).  1, record 3, French, - leucoenc%C3%A9phalite

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une leucoencéphalite fait le plus souvent suite à une infection virale (rougeole, par exemple); elle se déclenche parfois après une vaccination (contre la rage ou la fièvre jaune notamment) par réaction excessive à l’antigène contenu dans le vaccin; ce dernier cas est de plus en plus rare grâce à l’amélioration technologique des vaccins.  1, record 3, French, - leucoenc%C3%A9phalite

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cada una de las encefalitis con afectación preferente de la sustancia blanca del sistema nervioso central.  1, record 3, Spanish, - leucoencefalitis

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leukodystrophies are a group of rare, progressive, metabolic, genetic diseases that affect the brain, spinal cord and often the peripheral nerves. Each type of leukodystrophy is caused by a specific gene abnormality that leads to abnormal development or destruction of the white matter (myelin sheath) of the brain.  2, record 4, English, - leukodystrophy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

leukodystrophy: designation often used in the plural.  3, record 4, English, - leukodystrophy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les leucodystrophies constituent un groupe de maladies rares et évolutives d’origine génétique qui affectent le cerveau, et parfois la moelle épinière et les nerfs périphériques. Chaque type de leucodystrophie est causé par une anomalie génétique précise qui mène au développement anormal ou à la destruction de la substance blanche(gaine de myéline) du cerveau.  2, record 4, French, - leucodystrophie

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

leucodystrophie : désignation souvent utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 4, French, - leucodystrophie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The medullary sheath undergoes interruptions in its continuity at regular intervals, giving to the fiber the appearance of constriction at these points: these are known as the nodes of Ranvier.  1, record 5, English, - node%20of%20Ranvier

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les nœuds de Ranvier sont les petites zones de constriction présentes sur la gaine de myéline du neurone, séparant les axones sur toute leur longueur.  1, record 5, French, - n%26oelig%3Bud%20de%20Ranvier

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The myelinization stage involves development of myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the nervous system.  1, record 6, English, - myelinization

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel se forme la gaine de myéline.  1, record 6, French, - my%C3%A9linisation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A somatic and visceral free nerve ending of thinly myelinated and unmyelinated fibers [that is a receptor for painful stimuli].  3, record 7, English, - nociceptor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A nociceptor] usually reacts to tissue injury but also may be excited by endogenous chemical substances.  4, record 7, English, - nociceptor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Récepteur nerveux sensible aux stimuli douloureux.  4, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20nociceptif

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les récepteurs nociceptifs sont des terminaisons nerveuses de petit diamètre, myélinisées(fibres A[-delta], à transmission rapide et bien localisée de ladouleur) ou sans myéline(fibres C, transmission tardive et plus diffuse, du type «brûlure»). Ils n’ ont pas de structure spécifique.  5, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20nociceptif

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertaining to or of the nature of myelin.  2, record 8, English, - myelinic

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relatif à la myéline.  2, record 8, French, - my%C3%A9linique

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lésions myéliniques.  1, record 8, French, - my%C3%A9linique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The conical expansion of an axon from the cell body, where action potentials are initiated.  2, record 9, English, - axon%20hillock

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Information arrives at the dendrites or cell body, is integrated at the axon hillock, conducted down the axon and disseminated to target cells through the nerve terminal.  3, record 9, English, - axon%20hillock

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le neurone ganglionnaire de type I, une cellule gliale entoure le corps cellulaire et le cône axonique, formant une mince gaine de myéline.  2, record 9, French, - c%C3%B4ne%20axonique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Referring to a nerve fiber lacking a myelin sheath.  1, record 10, English, - unmyelinated

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réfère à une fibre nerveuse dépourvue de myéline.  1, record 10, French, - amy%C3%A9linique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of a nerve fiber which has been stripped of its seath of myelin.  2, record 11, English, - demyelinated

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multiple sclerosis and related conditions ... Heat sensitivity results from conduction failure in partially demyelinated CNS fibers.  1, record 11, English, - demyelinated

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit des fibres nerveuses qui ont perdu leur gaine de myéline.  2, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9my%C3%A9linis%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sclérose en plaque [...]. Il faut mettre en garde contre l’immersion en eau chaude (l’élévation thermique aggrave les troubles de conduction dans des fibres démyélinisées).  3, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9my%C3%A9linis%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A progressive encephalopathy with calcification of the basal ganglia, excessive number of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (lymphocytosis), brain atrophy, and early death.  1, record 12, English, - Aicardi%2DGouti%C3%A8res%20syndrome

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elevated level of inteferon-alpha in the brain fluids - in the absence of infection - is a marker for the disorder.  1, record 12, English, - Aicardi%2DGouti%C3%A8res%20syndrome

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Encéphalopathie familiale à transmission autosomale récessive associant des calcifications des noyaux gris centraux, une atteinte de la myéline et une lymphocytose du liquide céphalo-rachidien(LCR).  1, record 12, French, - syndrome%20d%26rsquo%3BAicardi%2DGouti%C3%A8res

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces encéphalopathies se présentent cliniquement comme une foetopathie virale et le diagnostic n’est encore souvent porté que lorsqu’un second cas apparaît dans la famille.  1, record 12, French, - syndrome%20d%26rsquo%3BAicardi%2DGouti%C3%A8res

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses: a prospective seroepidemiological study. A neurological surveillance was combined with prospective recording of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and serological diagnosis of five common viral infections in 60 benign multiple sclerosis patients with a mean follow-up of 31 months... There was a significant correlation between adenovirus CF titre rises associated with upper respiratory tract infections and the occurrence of a major MS relapse in the AR period (n=7), while influenza infections were not followed by a major S relapse (n=6). Linear homologies have been demonstrated between adenovirus and basic myelin protein. The epidemiological approach is essential to our understanding of systemic antigens triggering multiple sclerosis activity.  3, record 13, English, - basic%20myelin%20protein

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Environ deux millions de personnes dans le monde sont atteintes par la sclérose en plaques, l'une des maladies auto-immunes les plus graves et les plus répandues. Elle est due à la destruction des gaines de myéline par des lymphocytes T dont la cible principale est une séquence de 14 acides aminés de la "basic myelin protein"(BMP), l'une des protéines constitutives de la gaine de myéline.  2, record 13, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20BMP

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The innermost connective tissue supportive structure of nerve trunks, that surrounds both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers.  1, record 14, English, - endoneurium

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The endoneurium] consists principally of ground substance, collagen, and fibroblasts; with the perineurium and epineurium [it] comprises the peripheral nerve stroma.  1, record 14, English, - endoneurium

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'endonèvre, le périnèvre et l'épinèvre constituent ce qu'il est convenu d’appeler le tissu de soutien, le tissu conjonctif du nerf périphérique(20 à 80 p. 100 de la composition du nerf périphérique). L'endonèvre, mince couche conjonctive, constitue une membrane limitante externe autour de chaque fibre nerveuse. Il limite le tube endoneural qui comprend l'axone, la gaine de myéline et la cellule de Schwann.  1, record 14, French, - endon%C3%A8vre

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An animal model for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in which the characteristic pathophysiology and clinical signs of this disease are produced by immunization of an animal with extracts of brain tissue or with myelin basic protein together with Freund's complete adjuvant; it is transferable by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes but not by serum.  3, record 15, English, - experimental%20allergic%20encephalomyelitis

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] maladie auto-immune démyélisante du système nerveux central, obtenue par injection d’homogénats du système nerveux central en présence d’adjuvant complet de Freund. Ses manifestations cliniques et pathologiques, qui ressemblent sur de nombreux points à celles de la sclérose en plaques, sont secondaires à la réaction qui se développe contre la protéine basique encéphalitogène(PBE) de la myéline [...] Des arguments convergents indiquent que [...] l'encéphalomyélite allergique expérimentale est essentiellement due à l'action pathogène des cellules T.  1, record 15, French, - enc%C3%A9phalomy%C3%A9lite%20allergique%20exp%C3%A9rimentale

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The lipoproteinaceous material enveloping the axon of myelinated nerve fibers, composed of regularly alternating layers of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, phosphatidates) and protein.  2, record 16, English, - myelin

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les cellules qui fabriquent la myéline(soit les oligodendrocytes, dans le système nerveux central, et [les] cellules de Schwann, dans le système nerveux périphérique) doivent être en communication constante avec l'axone qu'elles entourent de myéline.  2, record 16, French, - my%C3%A9line

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia que envuelve las fibras nerviosas, actúa como un aislante que facilita la conducción de impulsos eléctricos.  2, record 16, Spanish, - mielina

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cell that forms the myelin sheath of a nerve fibre.  1, record 17, English, - Schwann%20cell

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] les cellules de Schwann [synthétisent] la myéline des nerfs.  1, record 17, French, - cellule%20de%20Schwann

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Célula que envuelve los axones de las neuronas en el sistema nervioso periférico.  1, record 17, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20de%20Schwann

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Loss of myelin within the central or peripheral nervous system.  2, record 18, English, - demyelinization

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perte de la myéline dans le système nerveux central ou périphérique.  2, record 18, French, - d%C3%A9my%C3%A9linisation

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Axones amyélinisés Axones dépourvus de gaine de myéline et dans lesquels les influx nerveux se propagent très lentement en comparaison à leur propagation dans les axones myélinisés.  1, record 19, French, - amy%C3%A9linis%C3%A9

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alpha and beta interferons play an important role in the regulation of the normal immune response. The abnormal production of type I interferons can, however, lead to an inappropriate immune response and to the development of autoimmunity and to the rejection of allografts. The cloning of the type I interferon receptor in our laboratory has enabled us to synthesise soluble variants of the receptor and to isolate a monoclonal antibody capable of inhibiting the biologic action of all the type I interferons tested. We have shown that treatment of monkeys with the anti-interferon receptor antibody together with a subeffective dose of cyclosporin A results in permanent survival of skin and bone marrow allografts.  1, record 20, English, - anti%2Dinterferon

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les immunomodulateurs agissent soit en bloquant les lymphocytes qui franchissent la barrière sang-cerveau(le copolymère, bien toléré, mais qui n’ est pas encore autorisé en Europe) soit en s’opposant à l'action de certaines molécules destructives de la myéline(l'interféron ß). Ils réduisent la fréquence des poussées d’environ 30%; l'interféron ß semble, en outre, retarder l'apparition du handicap. En revanche, ce dernier présente des effets secondaires(fatigue, maux de tête, fièvre), qui disparaissent toutefois au bout de quelques semaines. Autre inconvénient, environ 20% des patients développent des anticorps anti-interféron ß.  2, record 20, French, - anti%2Dinterf%C3%A9ron

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An insulating covering around the axon of a neuron, which increases the conduction velocity of the nerve impulse along the axon. It is formed from the cell membrane of a Schwann cell (in the peripheral nervous system) or of an oligo-dendrocyte (in the central nervous system).  2, record 21, English, - myelin%20sheath

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gaine protectrice du système nerveux central.  1, record 21, French, - gaine%20de%20my%C3%A9line

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Birefringent cylinders which form spontaneously from lipoid-containing material in contact with water.  1, record 22, English, - myelin%20cylinder

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Des cylindres biréfringents qui se forment spontanément à partir de matériaux contenant des lipides mis en contact avec de l’eau.  1, record 22, French, - cylindre%20de%20my%C3%A9line

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

in the presence of increasing amounts of water (i.e., with more than 50 per cent), lamellar phases, generally called myelin figures, are formed.  1, record 23, English, - myelin%20figure

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

image où apparaissent les bandes parallèles alternativement sombres et claires distribuées concentriquement et qui évoquent l'organisation de la gaine de myéline. Elle se voit en particulier en microscopie électronique dans les lysosomes quand ils arrivent en fin d’évolution(corps résiduels).  2, record 23, French, - figure%20my%C3%A9linique

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

most of the long fibers of the c.n.s. are surrounded directly by a layer of fatty material.  1, record 24, English, - layer%20of%20fatty%20material

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

les fibres à myéline ont leur cylindraxe entouré par un manchon d’un lipide phosphoré : la myéline.  1, record 24, French, - manchon%20d%26rsquo%3Bun%20lipide

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish